• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2004

Introduction: Vertigo is one of the common symptoms that we can see often clinically. It is hallucination to motion of oneself or surroundings. Vertigo include not only simple whirling sensation but also leaning or falling down sensation. Particularly in vestibular neuritis, the principal symptoms is dizziness and accompanied by nystagmus, gait imbalance, nausea, vomiting. Cause of vestibular neuritis is inflammatory disease such as common cold. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of oriental-treatment on vestibular neuritis patient Subjects: We diagnosed one patient who had severe vertigo and gait imbalance as "dizziness retention of phlegm"(담훈) and treat orientally. Conclusion: After oriental-treatment for 15 days, walk balance was improved and no more vertigo was appeared. We could assume that in the vertigo and gait inbalance due to vestibular neuritis, the acupuncture and herbal medicine can be used.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to compare pain descriptions in common dental patients with those in patients with Temporomandibular disorders(TMDs). The study sample consisted of 104 common dental patients and 74 patients with TMDs, and their chief complaint was pain, Subjects were classified common dental pain group and TMDs pain group, respectively. All the subjects completed Korean Pain Rating Scale(KPRS) on first visit. KPRS contains 90 pain terms, which divided into 20 subclasses in 3 dimensions. Each subclass contains 3-6 pain terms. each patient had chosen only one term from each subclass. If there was no proper term, subject could pass the subclass without completion. Words chosen were categorized into sensory, affective, miscellaneous and total dimension. Thereafter they were processed and analyzed by SPSS/PC+ statistical package program with respect to rank values, scale values, number of words chosen and frequency of each subclass. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. Total mean number of words chosen was 7.6. 2. Chronic patients groups with Temporomandibular disorders had chosen more freuently from the subclasses in affective dimension than the patients in acute common dental pain group. 3. Frequency of affective dimension was higher in chronic patients groups with Temporomandibular disorders than that of acute patients group with Temporomandibular disorders. 4. Chronic patients group with Temporomandibular disorders had higher frequency in constrictive pressure pain, traction pressure pain, dull pain and fatigue-related pain terms than acute common dental patients group. 5. Acute patients group with Temporomandibular disorders had higher frequency in traction pressure pain and dull pain terms but had lower frequency in chemical pain, peripheral nerve pain and cold pain terms than acute common dental patients groups. 6. There were high positive correlation between the scale- and rank-value in the pain rating index.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2008

An object of this study is to confirm performance characteristics of the vortex tube apparatus for substitution of the intercooler in a common-rail diesel engine. The turbo pressure, the intake air flow rate and the ${\Delta}T_c$ decrease ratio of the intercooler were measured in a experimental engine. The vortex tube apparatus was made after confirmation of the geometric phenomena in fundamental experiments. To investigate energy separation characteristics of the vortex tube, the measured turbo pressure was applied to the vortex tube inlet and the ${\Delta}T_c$ decrease ratio was compared with one of the intercooler in the cold air mass flow ratio similar to the intake air flow rate of the experimental engine. From the results, we found that the energy separation ratio is increased according to of the inlet pressure and the ${\Delta}T_c$ decrease ratio of the vortex tube apparatus is higher than one of the intercooler at low engine speed and engine load of medium and low.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.365-380
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and attitudes toward antibiotic resistance and consumer's knowledge on antibiotic use for common cold. Telephone survey was conducted between June 24 and July 2, 2009, among 1,015 adults who were randomly stratified by age, sex and area. A total of 921 respondents were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on knowledge and attitudes. A total of 452 respondents(49.1%) recognised that they knew about antibiotic resistance and 769 respondents(83.5%) worried that antibiotic resistance is a serious problem in Korea. A total of 577 respondents(62.7%) had adequate knowledge on antibiotic use and resistance. Multiple logistic regression showed that younger age and higher education level were associated with adequate knowledge. The odds ratio of appropriate knowledge among persons with college degrees was 5.25(95% CI, 2.78-9.90) compared to those with elementary or less education. Sex and income variable were not predictors of adequate knowledge on antibiotic use and resistance. This study showed that consumers with less education had inadequate knowledge on antibiotic use for common cold. Even though consumers in their 40s and 50s thought they knew about antibiotic resistance, there is a need to improve their knowledge. Education campaigns for appropriate antibiotic use have to be differentiated among consumers with different socio-demographic characteristics.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 1996

Oral Lichen Planus(OLP) is a idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease with more difficult to clear and higher recurrent rate than cutaneous lesions. But, there has been no estabilished theories about the proper treatment for OLP. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical feature, relationship with systemic disease and dental treatment of OLP patients of Korea and to gain helpful information about clinical characteristics and treatment of OLP. The subjects chosen for the study were 54 patients who had visited Department of Oral Diagnosis & Oral Medicine at Yonsei University Dental Hospital Dental Hospital and diagnosed as OLP. Previous clinical records has been reviewed and questionnaires, oral examination, laboratory examination were done and recorded. The following results were obtained : 1. Of the 54 patients, 21 were men and 33 were women with an average age of 47.8 years. 2. The most common intraoral site was bilateral buccal mucosa, followed by unilateral buccal mucosa, gingiva, vesibule, lip mucosa, glossal mucosa, palatal mucosa and mouth floor. 3. The mixed, erosive and reticular form of OLP was most frequent(83.3%) clinical form. 4. OLP patients with liver disease were 5, and drug medication patients were 7. But, we could not find its evidence of association with OLP. 5. Associated events on onset of symptom were stress, denture wearing, dental treatemtn, and common cold. 6. Associated symptoms were dry mouth, tingling, sore throat, and altered taste perception. 30.8% of patients had no specific associated symptoms. 7. Aggravating factors of symptom were peppery food, hot food, fatigue, toothpaste, salty food, sour food, tension, and conversation. Reducing factors were cold food, sleeping. 69.2% of patients had no specific reducing factors. 8. There were no significant differences between normal papulation and OLP patients in CBC, SGOT< SGPT, Serum iron, Total iron binding capacity. 66.7% of subjects were positive response to fungus study for Candida Albicans. The incidence of stress and dental treatment on onset of symptom appeared high in OLP patients. Especially, high incidence of positive response to fungus study for Candida albicans, prescription of anti-fungal agents and dental treatment considerations may be helpful to treatment of OLP.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.207-210
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• 1991

SJ-002 is a combination prescription of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, DL-methylephedrine HCl, caffeine, chlorpheniramine maleate, guaifenesin and dextromethorphan HBr. Common cold symptoms such as headache, pharyngitis, fever, or cough were improved by oral administration of SJ-002. This study enrolled about 30 patients, which was carried out from Jun. to Jul. 1991. The patients were given one bottle (30 ml) of SJ-002 t.i.d by P.O for one to seven days. 1) Thirty patients(100%) had improvements with this drug. 2) There were eight patients (26.7%) with side effects. But the side effects were not serious and transient when the medication was discontinued.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2014

Objectives: Most drug interactions are attributed to the inhibition or induction of the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYP450). Although the regulation of CYP450s by drugs has been widely reported, there have been few studies on influence of traditional herbal formulas on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. Because herbal formulas have been used traditionally to treat various diseases and because herb-drug interactions are crucial factors determining therapeutic efficacies, a systematic evaluation of the effects of herbal formulas is important. Methods: The effects of Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen tang), Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT, jiuweiqianghuo tang), Insampaedok-san (ISPDS, renshenbaidu powder), Samsoeum (SSE, shensu drink), Socheongryong-tang (SCRT, xiaoqinglong-tang) and Sosiho-tang (SSHT, xiaochaihu tang) that are traditional herbal formulas used to treat common cold, on drug-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated through an in vitro CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 inhibition assay to assess its interaction potential with synthetic drugs. The inhibitory effects of herbal formulas were characterized with $IC_{50}$ values. Results: These six herbal formulas inhibited the activities of CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1, in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six herbal formulas, GGT critically inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1. GMGHT also inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 to a greater extent than the other CYP450 isozymes. Additionally, SSE and SSHT may change the effects of medicines that depend primarily on the CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 pathways. On the other hand, ISPDS and SCRT were not inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1-mediated metabolism. Conclusions: These findings provide useful information regarding the safety and effectiveness of herbal formulas.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.10
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• pp.77-85
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report a case that has an important meaning as a result of treating Hunter syndrome patient with oriental medicine for elevation of quality of life and continuous health care. Methods : The patient complained of abdominal dropsy, abdominal pain, constipation, frequent gases and the common cold. So we treated him with herbal medicine, acupuncture, infra red, laser, CEP nebulizer, aroma massage and cupping. Results : After treatment, the girth of abdomen didn't increse any more and abdominal pain, constipation, frequent gases and common cold were improved. Conclusion : This study shows that oriental medicine can elevate the Hunter syndrome patient's quality of life with continuous heath care and treatment for chief complaint. The further study is needed with more cases.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-213
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate chief complaints of pediatric outpatients .Fin the oriental hospital and search for a trend of patients and their symtoms. Method : The study was composed of 2,915 new patients aged between 0 and 20 who had been visited pediatrics in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university oriental hospital from 2001 to 2004. Results : The percentage of new patients decreased every year with 30.7% in 2001, 25.5% in 2002, 24.1% in 2003, 17.8% in 2004. The age distribution showed 9.9% in infancy patients, 62.6% in early childhood, 16.8% in late childhood, 10.6% in adolescence. The percentage of infants decreased every year with 13.3% in 2001, 9.4% in 2002, 8.8% in 2003, 7.1% in 2004. The percentage of adolescents increased every year with 8.0% in 2001, 9.6% in 2002, 12.8% in 2003, 13.5% in 2004. Systemic division of chief complaints was respiratory symtoms(37.6%), general symtoms(26.1%), digestive symtoms(19.2%), skin symtoms(6.8%), nervous and mental symtoms (6.1%), urinary symtoms(2.2%), musculoskeletal symtoms(1.3%) and others(0.7%) in order of frequency. The main chief complaints were nasal mucus/obstruction(17.5%), weakness(16.9%), cough(12.8%), loss of appetite(9.8%), inappropriate growth(4.3%), atopic skin problem(3.4%), repeated common cold(2.4%), abdominal pain(2.4%), vomiting (2.2%), diarrhea(2.0%) and fever (1.9%). Loss of appetite, inappropriate growth and repeated common cold increased every year. Diarrhea and convulsion decreased every year. Conclusions : The two main causes of visit of patients were respiratory problems and improvement of general condition. More data of patients should be accumulated for further study. Not only analysis according to chief complaint, but also analysis according to diagnosis will accomplish more aaccurate information about disease of childrens in the future.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.611-617
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• 2008

Nowadays Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) is widely used in different industries such as chemical, food and pharmaceutical process and refrigeration due to the efficient heat transfer performance, extreme compact design and efficient use of the construction material. In present study, discussed main conception of plate heat exchanger and applied in vacuum. PHE and aimed apply in the fresh water generator which installed in ship to desalinate seawater to fresh water use heat from engines. The experiment is proceeded to investigate the heat transfer between cold and hot fluid stream at different flow rate and supply temperature of hot fluid. Generated fresh water as outcome of the system. PHE is an important part of a condensing or evaporating system. One of common assumptions in basic heat exchanger design theory is that fluid is to be distributed uniformly at the inlet of each fluid side and throughout the core. However, in practice, flow mal-distribution is more common and can significantly reduce the heat exchanger performance. The flow and heat transfer are simulated by the k-$\varepsilon$ standard turbulence model. Moreover, the simulation contacted flow maldistribution in a PHE with 6 channels.