• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.12
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• 2021

Functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex human diseases and traits remains a challenge. In an effort to enhance our understanding of common germline variants associated with lung cancer, we categorize regulatory elements based on eight major cell types of human lung tissue. Our results show that 21.68% of lung cancer-associated risk variants are linked to noncoding regulatory elements, nearly half of which are cell type-specific. Integrative analysis of high-resolution long-range chromatin interactome maps and single-cell RNA-sequencing data of lung tumors uncovers number of putative target genes of these variants and functionally relevant cell types, which display a potential biological link to cancer susceptibility. The present study greatly expands the scope of functional annotation of lung cancer-associated genetic risk factors and dictates probable cell types involved in lung carcinogenesis.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.617-641
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• 2014

The energy constraint is still a common issue for the practical application of wireless sensors, since they are usually powered by batteries which limit their lifetime. In this paper, a practical compound energy efficiency strategy is proposed and realized in the implementation of a real time wireless sensor platform. The platform is intended for wireless structural monitoring applications and consists of three parts, wireless sensing unit, base station and data acquisition and configuration software running in a computer within the Matlab environment. The high energy efficiency of the wireless sensor platform is achieved by a proposed adaptive radio transmission power control algorithm, and some straightforward methods, including adopting low power ICs and high efficient power management circuits, low duty cycle radio polling and switching off radio between two adjacent data packets' transmission. The adaptive transmission power control algorithm is based on the statistical average of the path loss estimations using a moving average filter. The algorithm is implemented in the wireless node and relies on the received signal strength feedback piggybacked in the ACK packet from the base station node to estimate the path loss. Therefore, it does not need any control packet overheads. Several experiments are carried out to investigate the link quality of radio channels, validate and evaluate the proposed adaptive transmission power control algorithm, including static and dynamic experiments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2012

Background: Although it is rare for the fracture itself to become a life threatening injury in patients suffering from rib fracture, the lives of these patients are occasionally threatened by other associated injuries. Especially, early discovery of patients with rib fracture and intra-abdominal organ injury is extremely important to the prognosis. This study analyzed the link between rib fracture and intra-abdominal injury to achieve improved treatment. Materials and Methods: Among trauma patients that had visited the hospital emergency room from January 2007 to December 2009, a retrospective study was conducted on 453 patients suffering from rib fracture due to blunt trauma. Rib fracture was classified according to location (left, right, and bilateral), and according to level (upper rib fracture [1-2nd rib], middle rib fracture [3-8th rib], and lower rib fracture [9-12th rib]). The researched data was statistically compared and analyzed to investigate the correlation between the location, level, and number of rib fracture and intra-abdominal organ injury. Results: Motor vehicle injury was found to be the most common mechanism of injury with 208 cases (46%). Associated injuries accompanied with rib fracture were generated in 276 cases (61%). Intra-abdominal organ injury was discovered in 97 cases (21%). Liver injury was the most common intra-abdominal injury associated with rib fracture with 39 cases (40%), followed by spleen injury, with 23 cases (23%). Intra-abdominal injury according to level of rib fracture was presented as upper rib fracture in 11 cases (11%), middle rib fracture in 31 cases (32%), and lower rib fracture in 55 cases (57%), thus verifying that intra-abdominal injuries were commonly accompanied in lower rib fractures (p=0.03). In particular, significant increase of intra-abdominal injury was presented in fractures below the 8th rib (p=0.03). The number of intra-abdominal injuries requiring emergency operations was significantly higher in patients with more than 6 rib fractures (p=0.04). Conclusion: Intra-abdominal organ injury is more common in patients with lower rib fracture, especially fractures below the 8th rib. Intra-abdominal organ injuries generated in multiple rib fracture patients with more than 6 fractures significantly higher severity. These cases must be thoroughly inspected and carefully observed as there is possibility of emergency operation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.2544-2560
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• 2013

As a cornerstone of the next generation air traffic management (ATM), automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system can provide continual broadcast of aircraft position, identity, velocity and other messages over unencrypted data links to generate a common situational awareness picture for ATM. However, since ADS-B messages are unauthenticated, it is easy to insert fake aircrafts into the system via spoofing or insertion of false messages. Unfortunately, the authentication for ADS-B messages has not yet been well studied. In this paper, we propose an efficient broadcast authentication scheme with batch verification for ADS-B messages which employs an identity-based signature (IBS). Security analysis indicates that our scheme can achieve integrity and authenticity of ADS-B messages, batch verification, and resilience to key leakage. Performance evaluation demonstrates that our scheme is computationally efficient for the typical avionics devices with limited resources, and it has low communication overhead well suitable for low-bandwidth ADS-B data link.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.978-984
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• 2015

In this paper, we designed a RF transceiver operating up to 200 km operating range and 45 Mbps data rate. The RF transceiver operates in Ku band and composed of up/down converter, high power amplifier, front-end elements. To satisfy the operating range of RF transceiver, 10W power amplifier was required and realized by using GaN power amplifier. Moreover, to mitigate mutual interference for different bandwidth signals due to the adaptive transmission speed control function, SAW filter bank structure was used. To verify system requirement satisfaction AWR simulation tool was used.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The intents of the study are to identify the accident factors and to demonstrate the potentials of tobit model as a tool to study the number of accidents on arterial roads segments. METHODS : This paper uses a tobit regression as a methodology to analyze the factors affecting the number of accidents. In pursuing the above goal, this study gives particular attentions to analyzing the data of 2,446 accidents (1,610 in major arterial roads and 836 in minor arterial roads) occurred on arterial roads in 2007 to 2010. RESULTS : First, 3 accident models which were classified by total arterial roads, major arterial roads and minor arterial roads, and were all statistically significant were developed. Second, the exclusive right-turn lane as common variable, and the number of accident, traffic volume, number of lanes, link length, rate of median, number of entrances, number of pedestrian crossings, number of curves, number of bus stops and exclusive left-turn as specific variables of the models were selected. Finally, the paired sample t-test could not be rejected the null hypotheses of three types of models. CONCLUSIONS : Using data from vehicle accidents on arterial roads, the estimation results show that many factors related to roadway geometrics and traffic characteristics significantly affect to the number of accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.124-126
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• 2016

Successful deployment of the Software Defined Network (SDN) depends on its ability to cope up with network failures. There are various types of failures that may occur in an SDN. The most common are switch and link failures. It is necessary to recover the network from failures for a continuous service availability. But for the real-time services fast recovery from the failure is required to minimize the service disruption time. In the proposed work, we focused on minimizing the recovery time after the failure is detected. Once the failure is detected, the controller involvement is needed to dynamically reroute the failure disrupted flows from the failed component to an alternate path. The aim of the proposed scheme is to provide a traffic management scheme which can react to the dynamic network events by rapidly modifying the forwarding behavior of the switches for faster in-band network adaptability. The proposed scheme (1) Considers the shared data and control path delay (2) Optimally utilize the network resources (3) Eliminates the need of constant monitoring overhead at the controller which results into faster detouring and ultimately rapid recovery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.53-55
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• 2000

Xenie is the JAVA application software that integrates and represents 'gene to function'information of human gene. Xenie extracts data from several heterogeneous molecular biology databases and provides integrated information in human readable and machine usable way. We defined 7 semantic frame classes (Gene, Transcript, Polypeptide, Protein_complex, Isotype, Functional_object, and Cell) as a common schema for storing and integrating gene to function information and relationship. Each of 7 semantic frame classes has data fields that are supposed to store biological data like gene symbol, disease information, cofactors, and inhibitors, etc. By using these semantic classes, Xenie can show how many transcripts and polypeptide has been known and what the function of gene products is in General. In detail, Xenie provides functional information of given human gene in the fields of semantic objects that are storing integrated data from several databases (Brenda, GDB, Genecards, HGMD, HUGO, LocusLink, OMIM, PIR, and SWISS-PROT). Although Xenie provide fully readable form of XML document for human researchers, the main goal of Xenie system is providing integrated data for other bioinformatic application softwares. Technically, Xenie provides two kinds of output format. One is JAVA persistent object, the other is XML document, both of them have been known as the most favorite solution for data exchange. Additionally, UML designs of Xenie and DTD for 7 semantic frame classes are available for easy data binding to other bioinformatic application systems. Hopefully, Xenie's output can provide more detailed and integrated information in several bioinformatic systems like Gene chip, 2D gel, biopathway related systems. Furthermore, through data integration, Xenie can also make a way for other bioiformatic systems to ask 'function based query'that was originally impossible to be answered because of separatly stored data in heterogeneous databases.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.3 s.8
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Traffic condition monitoring system serves as the foundation for all intelligent transportation system operation. Loop detectors and Video Image Processing are the most widely common technology approach to condition monitoring in korea Highways. Lane Usage is defined as the proportion of total link volume served by each lane. In this research, the lane Usage(LU) of two lane link for one day. Interval is 56% : 44%. The LU of three lane link is 39% : 37% : 24%. The LU of four lane link is 25% : 29% : 26% : 21%. These analysis reveal that each lane distributions of link are not same. This research investigates the general concept of lane usage by using collected loop detector data and the investigated that lane distribution is different by traffic lane and lane usage is consistent by time of day.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.476-485
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• 2017

The tactical operation centers of future anti-aircraft missile systems provide the environment for the research on future air threats, tactical information, integrated battlefield environment creation and management, engagement control and command and control algorithms. To develop the key functional elements of integrated battlefield situation creation and processing and tactical operation automation processing operations, battery/battalion tactical operation control and reconfiguration design software are required. Therefore, the algorithm software of each function and the tactical operation display software and link software for interworking between equipment were developed as reconfigurable through a data-centric design. In this paper, a tactical operation display framework that can be reconfigured on the operation display of the tactical operations according to the battery/battalion is introduced. This tactical operation display framework was used to develop a common data model design for the reconfigurable structure of multi-role tactical operations with battery / battalion and mission views, and a display configuration tool that provides a tactical operation display framework for view development was also developed using the MVC pattern. If the tactical operation display framework is used, it will be possible to reuse the view design through the common base structure, and a view that can be reconfigured easily and quickly will also be developed.