• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.496-513
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• 2022

In this study, we sought to verify the applicability of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system using FAA-3-50, Neosepta-ASE, Sustainion grade T, and Fujifilm type 10, which are commercial anion exchange membranes. The morphology of the commercial membranes and the elements on the surface were analyzed using SEM/EDX to confirm the distribution of functional groups included in the commercial membranes. In addition, mechanical strength and decomposition temperature were measured using UTM and TGA to check whether the driving conditions of the water electrolyte were satisfied. The ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity were measured to understand the performance of anion exchange membranes, and the alkaline resistance of each commercial membrane was checked and durability test was performed because they were driven in an alkaline environment. Finally, a membrane-electrode assembly was manufactured and a water electrolysis single cell test was performed to confirm cell performance at 60℃, 70℃, and 80℃. The long-term cell test was measured 20 cycles at other temperatures to compare water electrolysis performance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

Extraction/separation of cobalt by supported liquid membrane has been reviewed. The review discusses various directions associated with the supported liquid membrane process, such as the kind of supported liquid membrane, the principle of supported liquid membrane, transport mechanism involved, and the advantages and disadvantages of the supported liquid. Finally, extraction and separation of cobalt from other metals using extractant through supported liquid membrane have been reviewed. Separation of cobalt using various reagents and cobalt recovery from scrap using commercial extractant can be a potential perspective from the application of supported liquid membrane application.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

The anion exchange membrane using the blending polymer of poly(ether sulfone) and poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) was prepared. It was confirmed by EDXS and FT-IR analysis that the prepared anion exchange membrane had the -N- as an anion exchange group. The ionic conductivity in 1 mol/L $H_2SO_4$ aqueous solution was measured. The ionic conductivity of the prepared anion exchange membrane was 0.015~0.083 S/cm, and had a high value compared with AFN and APS as a commercial anion exchange membrane. Permeabilities of the vanadium ions through the prepared anion exchange membrane were tested to evaluate the possibility as a separator in vanadium redox flow battery. Vanadium ion permeation rate in the prepared anion exchange membrane had a low value compared with Nafion 117 as a commercial cation exchange and AFN as a commercial anion exchange membrane.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-51
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• 2013

During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.175-181
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• 1997

This paper describes the commercial application of custom ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in the resolution of two aqueous-based problems: the recovery and recycling of laundry wash water and the fmal polishing of sodium hydroxide sterilization solution in the dairy and brewing industries. Both applications are currently in the pilot Stage and employ custom-made UF membranes developed by Liumar Technologies Corporation of Ottawa, Canada.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2020

Membrane fouling is the main drawback of membrane technology. Frequent membrane cleaning and membrane replacement are, therefore, required to reduce membrane fouling that causes permeate flux reduction, lower rejection, or higher operating pressure. Studies have proved that the alteration of membrane properties is the key controlling factor in lessening membrane fouling. Among stimuli-responsive membranes, thermo-responsive membrane is the most popular, with a drastic phase transition and swelling-shrinking behavior caused by the temperature change. In this study, the thermo-responsive ability of two commercial membranes, PolyCera® Titan membrane and PolyCera® Hydro membrane, at different temperatures was studied on the antifouling function of the membrane in palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. The evaluation of the membrane's thermo-responsive ability was done through three cycles of adsorption (fouling) and desorption (defouling) processes in a membrane filtration process. The experimental result depicted that PolyCera® Hydro membrane had a higher membrane permeability of 67.869 L/㎡.h.bar than PolyCera® Titan membrane at 46.011 L/㎡.h.bar. However, the high membrane permeability of PolyCera® Hydro membrane was compensated with low removal efficiency. PolyCera® Titan membrane with a smaller mean pore size had better rejection performance than PolyCera® Hydro membrane for all tested parameters. On the other hand, PolyCera® Titan membrane had a better hydrodynamic cleaning efficiency than PolyCera® Hydro membrane regardless of the hydrodynamic cleaning temperature. The best hydrodynamic cleaning performed by PolyCera® Titan membrane was at 35℃ with the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 99.17 ± 1.43%. The excellent thermo-responsive properties of the PolyCera® Titan membrane could eventually reduce the frequency of membrane replacement and lessen the use of chemicals for membrane cleaning. This outstanding exploration helps to provide a solution to the chemical industry and membrane technology bottleneck, which is the membrane fouling, thus reducing the operating cost incurred by the membrane fouling.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.386-388
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• 2006

Membrane proteins in highly oriented lipid bilayer samples are useful for membrane protein structure determination. We used in the past planar lipid bilayers which were aligned and supported on the glass slide. These samples were mechanically aligned in a magnetic field. However, these stacks of glass slides with planar lipid bilayers are not well suited for use with a commercial solid-state NMR probe with a round coil. Therefore, a homebuilt solid-state NMR probe was built and used with a stack of thin glass plates wherein the RF coil was wrapped directly around the flat square sample. Recently, we began to use magnetically aligned bicelles that are suitable for the structure determination of membrane proteins by solid-state NMR spectroscopy without any effort to build a flat square coil probe. These bicelle samples are well suited for use with a commercial solidstate NMR probe with a round coil, are very easy to prepare and are very stable, so that they can be kept for more than a year. In this paper, we present the solid-state NMR spectra of optimized and magnetically oriented bicelle samples of membrane proteins.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

The rejection of sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) single salt solutions were carried out for commercial nanofiltration NFDK membrane. Results showed that the NFDK membrane had a negative surface charge and had a higher observed rejection of 93.65% for calcium (Ca2+) ion and 78.27% for sodium (Na+) ions. Prediction of rejection for aqueous solutions of both salts was made using Donnan Steric Pore Model based on Extended Nernst-Planck Equation in addition to concentration polarization film theory. A MATLAB program was developed to execute the model calculations. Absolute Average Relative Error (% AARE) was found below 5% for real rejection of the NFDK membrane. This research could be used successfully to assess the membrane characterization parameter using a proposed procedure which can reduce the number of experiments.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.352-361
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• 2023

Steam methane reforming is currently the most widely used technology for producing hydrogen, a clean fuel. Hydrogen produced by steam methane reforming contains impurities such as carbon monoxide, and it is essential to undergo an appropriate post-purification step for commercial usage, such as fuel cells. Recently, membrane separation technology has been gaining great attention as an effective purification method; in this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using commercial polysulfone membranes for biogas upgrading to separate and recover hydrogen from a hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture. Initially, we examined the physicochemical properties of the commercial membrane used. We then conducted performance evaluations of the commercial membrane module under various conditions using mixed gas, considering factors such as stage-cut and operating pressure. Finally, based on the evaluation results, we carried out simulations for process design. The maximum H₂ permeability and H₂/CO separation factor for the commercial membrane process were recorded at 361 GPU and 20.6, respectively. Additionally, the CO removal efficiency reached up to 94%, and the produced hydrogen concentration achieved a maximum of 99.1%.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.431-439
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• 2015

The study was evaluated and compared to commercial heterogeneous membrane in order to make cation exchange membrane set up the optimal preparing condition. The research findings show that ion exchange resin was added more than 40 wt% in order to show chemical properties of HPVDF higher than commercial heterogeneous membrane. But ion exchange resin was added less than 40 wt% in order to show mechanical properties of HPVDF higher than commercial heterogeneous membrane. According to conditions above, Electrical resistance was $1.83{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{-1}$, water uptake was 79%, ion exchange capacity was 1.60 meq/g, and burst strength was 0.97 MPa. Also The TDS remove efficiency was measured by approximately 40%.