The present experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of methionine hydroxy analogue free fatty acid (MHAFA) in comparison to DL-methionine (DL-Met) utilizing day-old commercial broiler chicks (n=300). The chicks were randomly distributed into 30 groups of 10 chicks each. Three dietary treatments, viz. D1-maize-soybean meal based basal diet (Control), D2- control diet supplemented with DL- methionine to meet its requirements and D3-control supplemented with MHA-FA @ 1.54 times of DL-methionine used in D2, were formulated. Each dietary treatment was offered to 10 replicated groups of chicks following completely random design (CRD). The chicks fed on supplemental DL-Met had significantly higher (p<0.01) gain in body weight, followed by MHA-FA group and control during 0-3 weeks of age. During overall growth period (0-6 weeks), chicks in DL-Met and MHA-FA groups grew better (p<0.01) than those in control. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved (p<0.01) on supplementation of either DL- Met or MHA-FA in the basal (Control) diet during 0-3 weeks of age. The FCR for overall period, however, did not differ statistically (p>0.05) amongst the treatments. The eviscerated yields emanated from diets with DL-Met or MHA-FA were higher (p<0.01) than that in Control. Abdominal fat pad was also more (p<0.01) in broilers fed control diet than in DL-Met or MHA-FA supplemented group. Breast yield was higher (p<0.05) in MHA-FA fed broilers than those fed DL-methionine supplemented or un-supplemented diets. The efficacy of MHA-FA in comparison to DL-Met for growth was 62.11, 64.82 and 63.88% and for feed efficiency was 62.98, 67.73 and 64.01% at 0-3, 3-6 and 0-6 weeks of age, respectively, while it was 65.85, 71.40 and 67.49% for eviscerated yield, abdominal fat pad reduction and breast yield at 6 weeks of age, respectively.
An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of xylanase supplementation on the performance, net energy and gut microflora of broilers fed a wheat-based diet. Day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to two dietary treatments. Each treatment was composed of six replicate cages of seven broilers per cage. The diets were wheat-based and offered as mash. The treatments included i) basal diet deficient in metabolizable energy; and ii) basal diet supplemented with a commercial xylanase added at 4,000 U/kg feed. Bird performance, nutrient utilization and gut microbial populations were measured. Heat production and net energy were determined using an auto-control, open circuit respiration calorimetry apparatus. Results showed that exogenous xylanase supplementation improved feed conversion efficiency (p<0.05) and increased diet AME (+4.2%; p<0.05), as well as heat production (HP), net energy for production (NEp), production of $CO_2$, and consumption of $O_2$. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was also increased (p<0.01) by the addition of xylanase. NEp value was increased by 26.1% while daily heat production per kg metabolizable body weight was decreased by 26.2% when the xylanase was added. Xylanase supplementation numerically increased the ileal digestibility of protein and energy by 3 and 6 percentage units respectively (p>0.05). The ileal digestibility of hemicellulose was significantly improved by xylanase addition (p<0.05).
Vidanarachchi, J.K.;Iji, P.A.;Mikkelsen, L.L.;Choct, M.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
/
v.23
no.5
/
pp.580-587
/
2010
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary water-soluble carbohydrate extract from Renga renga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) and a commercial product, $Frutafit^{{\circledR}}$ (both fructans) on the performance, organ weights, ileal digestibility and gut morphology of male Cobb broiler chickens. There were six treatment groups: a negative control with no supplements, a positive control supplemented with 45 ppm Zn-bacitracin, and four test diets each supplemented with Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit at 5 or 10 g/kg diet. Supplementation with low levels of Renga renga lily extract and Frutafit in the diet did not affect productive parameters, whereas the inclusion of a high level of Frutafit had a negative effect on BWG and FI compared with birds fed the negative control diet. The addition of an antibiotic to the diet significantly improved (p<0.05) the BWG and FCR of broilers. Apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, starch, protein and fat was not affected (p>0.05) by supplementation with both levels of lily extract and the low level of Frutafit. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, protein and fat was decreased (p<0.05) by the high level of Frutafit. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of the diets fed the high level of Frutafit was approximately 0.2 MJ/kg DM lower than that of the negative control group. The addition of Zn-bacitracin increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of fat. The relative weight of the liver was higher (p<0.05) in broilers supplemented with the high level of Frutafit than for negative control birds at 14 and 35 d of age. Feeding Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit had no effect on the gut morphology of birds on d 14 and 35. It can be concluded that dietary inclusion of fructans from the two sources used in this study affected broiler performance differently and in a dose-dependent manner.
Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
/
2000.11a
/
pp.81-84
/
2000
Effects of different photoperiod regimens on the cellular and humoral immunity in broiler chickens were studied(Exp 1). Total one hundred ninety two one-day-old commercial broiler chicks(Cobb$\times$Cobb) were raised between constant lighting(CL) and intermittent lighting (1h light: 3h darkness(IL; 1l; 3D) Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were measured for seven week. Peripheral blood and splenic lymphocyte activities were tested at 3 and 5 wk of age by performing a mitogen cellproliferation assay with a polyclonal T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), and B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effect of photoperiod on the humoral immunity, chicks were immunized with sheep red blood cell(SRBC) and iinactivated Newcastle disease virus(NDV) vaccine. Total immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration was also determined. Diurnal change of melatonin was tested in sera. In experiment 2, 0.1ml melatonin were subcutaneously injected from three to five weeks old if immunomodulation effect of lighting regimen was due to the melatonin or not. Injections of melatonin were made at 0700h and the dosage was 10ng (M2), 100ng(M3), 1$\mu\textrm{g}$(M4) per bird daily, respectively. control were quivalent injections of vehicle(M1). Lymphocyte activities were tested and humoral immunities were examined at 5 weeks of age. Blood melatonin concentration was determined at 0h, 1, h, 2h, and 3h posterior to injection at five weeks old. It was higher in CL chicks than IL chickens during the subsequent period of 3 to 5 wk of age. However, weight gain of chicks raised IL were significantly higher at 6 wk of age than CL(P<0.05). Antibody response to NDV was not affected by both photoperiod regimens and melatonin injection, whereas anti-SRMB titer and IgG concentration were enhanced. Lymphocyte activity of chickens raised under IL was sighificantly higher than those of chickens raised under CL. Melatonin injection also increased lymphocyte activity. When peripheral blood lymphocytes were used, proliferation response to LPS and Con A were significantly increased in M2 and respectively. The results of this experiments suggest that IL improved host immune response and melatonin have immunomodulatory roles.
Yong, Hae In;Kim, Hyun Jo;Jung, Samooel;Jayasena, Dinesh D.;Bae, Young Sik;Lee, Soo Kee;Jo, Cheorun
Food Science of Animal Resources
/
v.33
no.1
/
pp.83-88
/
2013
This study investigated the effect of wild grape (Vitis coignetiae) dietary supplementation on the antioxidative potential and quality of the breast and leg meat of broilers. A total of 36 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery, and randomly assigned to 9 pens with 4 birds per pen. Then, broilers were fed 3 different dietary supplementations, including 0%, 0.25%, or 0.5% wild grape, for 2 wks at the finishing period. After slaughtering, the total phenolic content, ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$'-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total cholesterol content of broiler breast and leg meat were measured. Higher total phenolic content was recorded in the leg meat of broilers fed the wild grape when compared with the control, while breast meat did not show any difference. Dietary supplementation of 0.25% and 0.5% wild grape significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity of both breast and leg meat. TBARS values of both breast and leg meat were decreased by supplementation of 0.5% wild grape during storage when compared to the control, except for the leg meat at day 7. However, there was no significant difference found in total cholesterol content in both breast and leg meat. The results indicate that the antioxidative potential of broiler meat is improved by supplementing the diet with wild grape.
Objective: Wooden breast (WB) is a novel myopathy affecting modern broiler chickens, which causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of WB abnormality on meat quality, redox status, as well as the expression of genes of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods: A total of 80 broilers (Ross 308, 42 days of age, about 2.6 kg body weight) raised at Jiujin farm (Suqian, Jiangsu, China) were used. Twelve unaffected (no detectable hardness of the breast area) and twelve WB-affected (diffuse remarkable hardness in the breast muscle) birds were selected from the commercial broiler farm according to the criteria proposed by previous studies. Results: The results indicated that WB showed histological lesions characterized by fiber degeneration and fibrosis, along with an increase of muscle fiber diameter (p<0.05). Moreover, higher pH value, lightness, yellowness, drip loss and cooking loss were observed in the WB group (p<0.05). Compared with the normal breast (NOR) group, the WB group showed higher formation of reactive oxygen species (p<0.05), increased level of oxidation products and antioxidant activities (p<0.05), accompanied with mitochondrial damages and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H qui none dehydrogenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were higher than those of the NOR group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, WB myopathy impairs meat quality by causing oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers, even though the activated Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway provides protection for the birds.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of crude oligosaccharide extract from coconut milk meal (CMM) and spent tea leaves (ST) on the performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were raised on litter-floored pens and had ad libitum access to water for 42 days. The experiment was conducted on chicks fed with basal diet (CON), commercial mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), crude oligosaccharide extract from CMM, and crude oligosaccharide extract from ST. The experimental diets were supplemented with 2 and 1 g/kg oligosaccharides during the starter and grower periods, respectively. Results: The body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the MOS group was higher than that of birds in the other groups (p<0.05) in the starter period. However, during the grower period, ST significantly improved the BWG compared to the MOS (p<0.05). MOS, CMM, and ST showed no influence on the carcass and visceral organ weight and the weight and length of intestine (p>0.05). The digestibility of gross energy was greater (p<0.05) in the CMM group than in the CON group during the grower period. Morphological changes were absent in the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Conclusion: The improvements in the growth performance were partly driven by nutrient digestibility of such oligosaccharides having prebiotic properties. This result can indicate that supplementing broiler diets with crude oligosaccharides from CMM and ST had no negative effect on the growth performance and gut development of broilers.
A study was conducted to determine the relationships between triacylglycerol (TAG) of plasma, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and fat deposition in two different breeds of chickens. The VLDL apolipoproteins of both breeds were also characterised. The breeds used were crossbred village chicken (AK) (Sasso crossed) and commercial broiler (CB) (Avian). They were housed in six pens with 30 female and 30 male birds of each breed per pen. Three male and three female birds from each pen were slaughtered and the blood was collected. The VLDL was isolated and sub-fractionated using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). VLDL TAG of CB was significantly lower than AK. The particle size was negatively correlated with VLDL TAG and positively correlated with abdominal fat. Sub-fraction 2 contained more apo E that will enhance the lipolysis process of the VLDL TAG than subfraction 1. CB had a higher proportion of sub-fraction 2 than AK. The results showed that the proportion of sub-fraction 2 was negatively correlated with VLDL TAG concentration and positively correlated with abdominal fat.
Serum samples were collected from 100 breeders and their progeny 600 broilers. The breeders and broilers were vaccinated against infectious bronchitis(IB), infectious bursal disease(IBD) and Newcastle disease(ND) viruses according to general vaccination program. The antibodies in serum samples against IB, IBD and ND viruses were detected by ELISA using commercial ELISA kit. Geometric mean titer(GMT) of ELISA was monitored from 1-day-old to 35-day-old broilers and compared to that of breeder chickens. The GMT of ELISA to IB, IBD and ND was declined half level of the day old broiler's antibody titers at about 4, 9 and 4 days of age. The GMT of ELISA to IB, IBD and ND was declined than that of protective antibody titer at about 12, 11, and 15 days of age. Thereafter, the GMT of ELISA to IB, ND were declined and disappeared according to age of broilers. The GMT of ELISA to IBD was declined according to age of broilers, but at 25 days of age increased and 31 days of age increased than that of protective antibody titer. Taken together, these studies led to conclusion that time-course of antibody titers of broilers from vaccinated breeders and that of progeny broliers which vaccinated according to vaccine program. Those are very important data to design vaccine program to breeders and broilers.
In order to compare economics of soybean meals (SBMS) imported from Brazil and the U.S., a feeding trial was conducted with 480 commercial broiler chicks (Abor Acres strain) for 38 days. The Brazilian SBM was brownish in color and the protein solubility in 0.2 % KOH solution was 63. 4 %. The U.S. SBM, on the other hand, was a dehulled SBM, and uniform in color (light yellow) and particle size. The protein solubility value of the latter was 76.6 %. Two dietary protein levels (19 % and 21 %) were used for each source of SBM (2x2 factorial). Chicks fed diets containing the U.S. SBM grew significantly faster (P<0.05) and utilized feed more efficiently than chicks fed diets containing Brazilian SBM. Chicks fed diets containing 21 % CP showed better growth performance and profitability than those fed the 19 % CP diets. The price of the U.S. SBM was higher but the feed cost per unit gain was lower than the Brazilian SBM. Results suggest that there are over-cooked SBMs being traded on the Korean rnarket, and attention should be given to not only the price but also the quality of SBMs.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.