• Title/Summary/Keyword: comet assay

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13-Week Oral Gavage Toxicity with Sophora Japonica Linne Seed Extract in Sd Rats

  • Lee, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Il-Yong;Hyun, Chang-Kee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.133-133
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    • 2003
  • In recent years. attention has focused on the application of the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or Comet) assay in environmental mutagenesis. To evaluate the suitability of the assay as a monitoring. technique, the DNA damages in liver cells and erythrocytes of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene (B[${\alpha}$]P) were estimated comparatively with the in vivo Comet assay and the micronucleus test (MNT).(omitted)

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In Vitro Studies on the Genotoxic Effects of Wood Smoke Flavors

  • Chung, Young-Shin;Ahn, Jun-Ho; Eum, Ki-Hwan;Choi, Seon-A;Oh, Se-Wook;Kim, Yun-Ji;Park, Sue-Nie;Yum, Young-Na;Kim, Joo-Hwan;Lee, Michael
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.321-328
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    • 2008
  • Smoke flavors based on the thermal decomposition of wood have been applied to a variety of food products as an alternative for traditional smoking. Despite its increasing use, the available genotoxicity data on wood smoke flavors (WSF) are still controversial. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of WSF in four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. WSF did not cause any mutation in the Ames assay using five tester strains at six concentrations of 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 ${\mu}l/plate$. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. No statistically significant increase in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations was observed at the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 ${\mu}l/ml$. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that WSF has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, based on the results obtained from these four in vitro studies, it is concluded that WSF is not a mutagenic agent in bacterial cells and causes no chromosomal and DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro.

Genotoxicity Study on Khal, a Halocidin Derivative, in Bacterial and Mammalian Cells

  • Kim, Youn-Jung;Kim, Mi-Soon;Jeon, Hee-Kyoung;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2006
  • Khal was a synthetic congener of halocidin, a heterodimeric peptide consisting of 19 and 15 amino acid residues detected in Halocynthia aurantium. This compound was considered a candidate for the development of a novel peptide antibiotic. The genotoxicity of Khal was subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong antibacterial effects. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay (MOLY), single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay and chromosomal aberration assay in mammalian cells and Ames reverse mutation assay in bacterial system were used as simplified, inexpensive, short-term in vitro screening tests in our laboratory. These compounds are not mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Before performing the comet assay, $IC_{20}$ of Khal was determined the concentration of $25.51\;{\mu}/mL\;and\;21.99\;{\mu}g/mL$ with and without S-9, respectively. In the comet assay, Khal was not induced DNA damage in mouse lymphoma cell line. Also, the mutation frequencies in the Khal-treated cultures were similar to the vehicle controls. It is suggests that Khal is non-mutagenic in MOLY assay. And no clastogenicity was observed in Khal-treated Chinese hamster lung cells. The results of this battery of assays indicate that Khal has no genotoxic potential in bacterial or mammalian cell systems. Therefore, we suggest that Khal, as the optimal candidates with both no genotoxic potential and antibacterial effects must be chosen.

DNA Damage Effect of Botanical Insecticides Using Chinese Hamster Lung Cells

  • Kim, Areumnuri;Jeong, Mihye;Park, Kyung-Hun;Chon, Kyongmi;Cho, Namjun;Paik, Min Kyoung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.350-354
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    • 2015
  • BACKGROUND: Botanical insecticides, especially Azadirachta Indica extract (AIE) and Sophorae radix extract (SRE) are widely used in Agriculture field. In our previous studies on genotoxicity test of AIE and SRE samples, a suspicious clastogenic properties was shown. Herein, we investigated the DNA damage effect of these botanical insecticide samples through the in vitro comet assay. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell line was used, and methyl methanesulphonate was as positive control. Respective two samples of AIE and SRE were evaluated using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) assay and measured as the Olive tail moment (OTM). Results from this study indicated that all tested AIE and SRE samples did not show DNA damage in comet assay using CHL cells, compared with control. CONCLUSION: AIE and SRE samples used in this study were not cause genetic toxicity and are suitable for use as organic materials.

EVALUATION OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF FERRIC SULFATE BY COMET ASSAY (Comet assay를 이용한 Ferric Sulfate의 유전자 독성에 대한 연구)

  • Kang, Ho-Seung;Kim, Shin;Jeong, Tae-Sung;Park, Hae-Ryoun
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2000
  • Although ferric sulfate has been proposed as an alternative to formocresol in pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth, it has been given little concern regarding its cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro genotoxic effect of a ferric sulfate on human gingival fibroblast cell line (HGF-1). DNA damage was evaluated using comet assay (single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis) and obtained the results as follows: 1. A dose-response relationship was found between ferric sulfate concentrations (0 to 5mM) and DNA damages. 2. Above the concentration of 0.1mM, DNA damage was significantly increased than those of the control (p<0.05). 2. At the fixed concentration of 0.05mM, no significant difference was found between exposure time and DNA damage. These findings suggest that ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent can induce DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts.

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Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on human chronic myeloid leukemia cells KCL22 treated with mitomycin C

  • Simonyan, Anna;Hovhannisyan, Galina;Aroutiounian, Rouben;Kim, Jin Kyu
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2014
  • The effectiveness of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to protect blood cells against Mitomycin C (MMC) induced genotoxicity was investigated in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (KCL22) using the alkaline comet assay. The comet assay was selected as sensitive and rapid method for analysis of DNA damage and repair in individual cells. NAC treatment alone did not produce any damage in KCL22 cell. But NAC was found to be effective in reducing genotoxic damage in KCL22 cells exposed to MMC. These results confirm the literature data that, given the safety and ability to reduce DNA damage. NAC may be useful to prevent drug-mediated genotoxicity.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF THE GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF 2-BROMOPROPANE BY THE ALKALINE SINGLE-CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS(COMET) ASSAY

  • Kim, Soo-Jin;Yu, Il-Je;Lee, Yong-Mook;Chung, Ho-Keun;Maeng, Seung-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2002.11b
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    • pp.146-146
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    • 2002
  • The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to clarify in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP). For in vitro studies, fresh medium containing 2-BP (2.50, 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 mM, and vehicle control) were added in human lymphocytes.(omitted)

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