• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.814-819
• /
• 2017

The objective of this paper is to observe effects of an ignition position and time on the ignition transition. A gaseous oxygen and liquid kerosene are used for propellants with the shear-coaxial injector. In order to study the ignition delay time and combustion instability intensity, the pressure transducer was used. The ignition position was changed with the injector spacer. Sequences except the igniter operation time were fixed to compare the ignition time only. Initial pressure peak and ignition delay time increased as the ignition time was delayed. Also, the unstable flame development zone was detected as the igniter was away from the injector.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.220-229
• /
• 2016

A numerical study on lifted flame structure in impinging jet geometry with syngas composition ratio was investigated. The numerical calculations including chemical kinetic analysis were conducted using SPIN application of the CHEMKIN Package with Davis-Mechanism. The flame temperature and velocity profiles were calculated at the steady state for one-dimensional stagnation flow geometry. Syngas mixture compositions were adjusted such as $H_2:CO=10:90(10P)$, 20 : 80 (20P), 30 : 70 (30P), 40 : 60 (40P), 50 : 50 (50P). As composition ratios are changed from 10P to 50P, the axial velocity and flame temperature increase because the contents of hydrogen that have faster burning velocity increase. This phenomenon is due to increase in good reactive radicals such as H, OH radical. As a result of active reactivity, the burning velocity is more faster and this is confirmed by numerical methods. Consequently, combustion reaction zone was moved to burner nozzle.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2015.12a
• /
• pp.291-293
• /
• 2015

The experimental study on flow characteristic in various laminar coflow diffusion flame has been conducted with a particular focus on the buoyancy force exerted from gaseous hydrocarbon fuels. Methane ($CH_4$), Ethylene ($C_2H_4$) and n-Butane ($C_4H_{10}$) were used as fuels. Coflow burner and Schlieren technique were used to observe the fuel flow field near nozzle exit and flow characteristics in flames. The result showed that the vortices in n-Butane with density heavier than air were appeared near the nozzle exit with the strong negative buoyancy on the fuel stream. As Reynolds number increases by the control of velocity, the vortices were greater and the vortices tips were moved up from the nozzle exit. In addition, it can be found that the heated nozzle can affect to the flow fields of fuel stream near the nozzle exit.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2002

Research to discuss the fire performance of materials requires tools for measuring their burning characteristics and validated fire growth models to predict fire behavior of the materials under specific tire scenarios using the measured properties as input for the models. In this study, burning characteristics such as time to ignition, weight loss rate, flame spread, heat release rate, total heat evolved, and effective heat of combustion for four types of wood-based materials were evaluated using the cone calorimeter and inclined panel tests. Time to ignition was affected by not only surface condition and specific gravity of the tested materials but also the type and magnitude of heat source. Results of weight loss rate, measured by inclined panel tests, indicated that heat transfer from the contacted flame used as the heat source into the inner part of the specimen was inversely proportional to specific gravity of material. Flame spread was closely related with ignition time at the near part of burning zone. Under constant and severe external heat flux, there was little difference in weight loss rate and total heat evolved between four types of wood-based panels. More applied heat flux caused by longer ignition time induced a higher first peak value of heat release rate. Burning characteristics data measured in this study can be used effectively as input for fire growth models to predict the fire behavior of materials under specific fire scenarios.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.451-464
• /
• 2014

This study used numerical methods to investigates investigate the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) effect under the condition of boost pressure condition on a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion engine using numerical methods. The detailed chemical-kinetic mechanisms and thermodynamic parameters for n-heptane, iso-octane, and PRF50 from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are were used for this study. The combustion phase affects the efficiency and power. To exclude these effects, this study decided to maintain a 50 burn point (CA50) at 5 CA after top dead center aTDC. The results showed that the EGR increased, but the low temperature heat release (LTHR), negative temperature coefficient (NTC), and high temperature heat release (HTHR) were weakened due by theto effect of the O2 reduction. The combined EGR and boost pressure enhanced the autoignition reactivity, Hhence, the LTHR, NTC, and HTHR were enhanced, and the heat-release rate was increased. also In addition, EGR decraeased the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), but the combined EGR and boost pressure increased the IMEP. As a results, combining the ed EGR and boost pressure was effective to at increase increasing the IMEP and maintaining the a low PRR.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.451-457
• /
• 2011

The main objective of this study is to investigate the variation in the ignition characteristics of coals as a function of moisture content in a laminar flow reactor (LFR) equipped with a fuel moisture micro-supplier designed by the Pusan Clean Coal Center. The volatile ignition position and time were observed experimentally when a pulverized coal with moisture was fed into the LFR under burning conditions similar to those at the exit of the pulverizer and real boiler. The reaction-zone temperature along the centerline of the reactor was measured with a $70-{\mu}m$, R-type thermocouple. For different moisture contents, the volatile ignition position was determined based on an average of 15 to 20 images captured by a CCD camera using a proprietary image-processing technique. The reaction zone decreased proportionally as a function of the moisture content. As the moisture content increased, the volatile ignition positions were 2.92, 3.36, 3.96, and 4.65 mm corresponding to ignition times of 1.46, 1.68, 2.00, and 2.33 ms, respectively. These results indicate that the ignition position and time increased exponentially. We also calculated the ignition-delay time derived from the adiabatic thermal explosion. It showed a trend that was similar to that of the experimental data.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2000

Characteristics of pyrolytic gasification were examined for the waste tire and 7 types of waste synthetic resin, using a bench scale experimental facility. the product gas temperature of waste tires was $150~300^{\circ}C$ and the temperature profile in the combustion zone of the lower reactor part tended to be clearly distinguished from that in the gasification zone of the upper part. However, in the case of waste synthetic resins, there were no clear distinction and temperature fluctuation was severe, depending on the reaction time. Product gas quantity, which depends on that of supplied (1st) air, was found to be 105~135% of the 1st air amount at the steady state. The concentration of noncombustible components in product gas was 80~90 vol.% and the high heating value of the product gas calculated from gas compositions was 1,500~3,000 kcal/N㎥ for waste tire, and 300~2,900 kcal/N㎥ for waste synthetic resins, respectively. Heating value of product gas and combustible gas concentration were increased in proportion to 1st air amount when 1st air amount is below $0.35N\textrm{m}^3$/min.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.29 no.9 s.240
• /
• pp.997-1005
• /
• 2005

The extinction characteristics of low strain rate normal gravity (1-g) nonpremixed methane-air flames were studied numerically and experimentally. A time-dependent axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) model considering buoyancy effects and radiative heat transfer was developed to capture the structure and extinction limits of 1-g flames. One-dimensional (1D) computations were also conducted to provide information on 0-g flames. A 3-step global reaction mechanism was used in both the 1D and 2D computations to predict the measured extinction limit and flame temperature. A specific maximum heat release rate was introduced to quantify the local flame strength and to elucidate the extinction mechanism. Overall fractional contribution by each term in the energy equation to the heat release was evaluated to investigate the multi-dimensional structure and radiative extinction of 1-g flames. Images of flames were taken for comparison with the model calculation undergoing extinction. The two-dimensional numerical model was validated by comparing flame temperature profiles and extinction limits with experiments and ID computation results. The 2D computations yielded insight into the extinction mode and flame structure of 1-g flames. Two combustion regimes depending on the extinction mode were identified. Lateral heat loss effects and multi-dimensional flame structure were also found. At low strain rates of 1-g flame ('Regime A'), the flame is extinguished from the weak outer flame edge, which is attributed to multi-dimensional flame structure and flow field. At high strain rates, ('Regime B'), the flame extinction initiates near the flame centerline due to an increased diluent concentration in reaction zone, which is the same as the extinction mode of 1D flame. These two extinction modes could be clearly explained with the specific maximum heat release rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2011

The numerical analysis of the reduction of reaction mechanism for the ignition of dimethyl ether (DME) was performed. On the basis of a detailed reaction mechanism involving 79 species and 351 reactions, the peak molar concentration and sensitivity analysis were conducted in a homogeneous reactor model. The reduced reaction mechanism involving 44 species and 166 reactions at the threshold value $7.5{\times}10^{-5}$ of the molar peak concentration was established by comparing the ignition delays the reduced mechanism with those the detailed mechanism. The predicted results of the reduced mechanism applied to the single-zone homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine model were in agreement with those of the detailed mechanism. Therefore, this reduced mechanism can be used to accurately simulate the ignition and combustion process of compression ignition engine using DME fuel.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.166-177
• /
• 2002

The present study is described of the flame structure of one-dimensional, flat, premixed, laminar, coal-air flame with some addition of methane for the flame stability. A low pressure burner operating at a combustion pressure of 0.3 arm was employed in order to extend the reaction zone. Predicted results from the models considered in the present study are compared with experimental results. Comparisons are included gas temperatures, species concentrations, char analysis and measured burning velocity. Among the models, Model II $I^{*}$-d, which specified devolatilization rate constants and a char surface area factor S=4, resulted in good agreement within the present experimental ranges. The results of char analysis suggest that the extent of the reaction occurring on the panicle might be underestimated in the model so that the char surface area should be increased. A value of 4 for this factor was given by sensitivity analysis of change in char surface area. Again, model II $I^{*}$-d gave satisfactory predictions of burning velocities over most of the experimental range studied. It has been clearly shown that the particle diameter appreciably affects the rates of devolatilisation and char oxidation through the effects of thermal lag and volumetric reactive surface area, consequently laminar burning velocity.ity.