• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2014

This study investigated physical properties and combustion gas characteristics for 8 types of wood pellets (4 domestic and 4 imported products) distributed in the domestic market. Results showed that most pellet types were first-grade pellets in the wood pellet quality standards in Korea with the exception of 3 pellet types from K company (second-grade in mechanical durability), G company (off-grade in nitrogen content) and P company (second-grade in ash percentage). Mixed pellets which contained more lignin and sap content were higher in mechanical durability (%) than that of white pellets. From the combustion gas analysis results, NOx emitted from all pellets combustion was at acceptable levels for national emission standard of the Clean Air Conservation Act except for pellets from G company. In addition, CO levels from all types of wood pellets were acceptable except for pellets from D company and domestic pellets were higher CO levels than imported pellets. These results indicate the higher CO levels in domestic pellets due to the usage of forest thinning materials including logging debris which usually had the high content of bark.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.522-528
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• 2020

To achieve the clean and efficient utilization of low-rank coal, the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics of chars from low-temperature and fast pyrolysis in a horizontal tube furnace were investigated in a TG-MS analyzer. According to the results, the combustion characteristic of chars was poorer than its parent coals. The temperature range of gaseous product release had a good agreement with that of TGA weight loss. Gaseous products of samples with high content of volatile were released earlier. The NO and NO₂ emissions of chars were lower than their parent coals. Coals of high rank (anthracite and sub-bituminous) released more NO and NO₂ than low rank coals of lignite, so were chars from coals of different ranks. SO₂ emissions of char samples were lower than parent coals and did not show obvious relationship with coal ranks.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

An experimental study on homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with direct fuel injection was conducted using a single cylinder common-rail diesel engine. To improve the homogeneity of fuel-air mixture, the premixed fuel (gasoline) was injected into premixing chamber and the diesel fuel was injected into the combustion chamber as an ignition source for the gasoline premixture. The experimental results show that soot emissions were dramatically reduced with the increase of fuel premixing ratio, however incomplete products such as HC and CO increased with the increase of the premixed ratio. Earlier injection of Dl diesel fuel increased the IMEP with the decrease of HC and CO concentrations.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.284-295
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• 2008

플라스틱 시료 중 각종 유해물질 유무 확인을 위한 여러 가지 시험항목을 저비용으로 빠르게 분석할 수 있는 방법으로 Combustion ion chromatography(연소IC)를 사용한 방법을 채택하였다. F, Cl 및 Br의 3개 항목에 대하여 연소IC로 시험법 유효화 검증을 실시한 결과, 검량선은 0.5~4.0 mg/kg 농도범위에서 $r^2$ = 0.999~1.000의 상관관계 계수를 갖는 좋은 직선성을 나타내었으며, 검출한계는 0.005~0.024 mg/kg, 정량한계는 0.014~0.073 mg/kg 이였다. 인증표준물질(CRM)을 사용한 연소IC의 회수율은 95.5~104.9%이었다. 본 결과를 토대로 국내외 시험기관간 비교 숙련도 시험을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 연소IC 방법이 전기전자제품 중에 halogen-free 및 기타 유해물질 규제 대응을 위한 효율적인 분석방법임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2000

This study was initiated in order to find alternative fuel substituting for light oil the most common fuel for heating greenhouse. The tire oil used in this research was produced by pyrolysis process, one of the final products besides steel string and carbon black in which waste tires as a form of chopped pieces broken by shredding machine are heated up to 200~30$0^{\circ}C$ with maximum restraining of oxygen supply. In order to justify light oil equivalent qualities in tire oil combustion characteristics were defined in the way of comparing kinetic viscosities in the wide range of temperature flame sizes and exhaust gas components in the various combustion conditions. We found that kinetic viscosity of tire oil was lower than light oil by 1 to 2 cSt in the temperature range showing better flowing mobility in the fuel line of the burner and no significant difference in flame size between the two oils in the all combustion treatments. However much more NO and SO$_2$ were detected from the exhaust gases of tire oil than light oil combustions. In fact tire oil contains more nitrogen and total sulfur, by 25 times and 40 times respectively than light oil according to the composition analysis. Tolerable limit for SO$_2$discharge amount defined by the national air pollution standards is under 540ppm so tire oil combustion satisfies the requirement though. It is desirable if sulfur and nitrogen filtering process shall be added in the tire oil production line. Except the exhaust gas components all greenhouse heating qualities of tire oil including hot air temperature are very identical to those of light oil.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 열병합 발전소의 원료로서 목질계 바이오매스로 임목 부산물, 폐목재, 야자수 부산물, 야자수 껍질의 연소 특성을 조사하기 위하여 열중량 분석기를 이용하여 연소 실험을 수행하였다. 목질계 바이오매스의 비교군으로는 일반적인 석탄을 사용하였다. 열중량 분석기 결과로부터, 목질계 바이오매스의 연소는 석탄과 비교하여 낮은 온도인 $280^{\circ}C$에서 $420^{\circ}C$ 구간에서 가장 활발한 연소반응을 보였음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 열중량분석에 의하여 측정된 활성화 에너지에 있어서 임목 부산물은 석탄 및 기타 목질계 바이오매스와 비교하여 가장 낮은 활성화 에너지 값을 나타내었으며, 또한 목질계 바이오매스의 경우 석탄과 비교하여 연소반응속도가 크게 증가함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 목질계 바이오매스의 높은 연소개시 속도를 보이는 것을 나타내며, 이러한 결과는 석탄과 비교하여 낮은 비등점의 휘발분을 많이 포함하는 목질계 바이오매스의 특성에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

추력조절이 가능한 가변유동형 덕티드 로켓(VFDR; Variable Flow Ducted Rocket)의 기초연구 목적으로 가스발생기와 유량조절장치를 개발하여 지상연소시험을 수행하였다. 연소시험을 통하여 본 개발에 대한 내열성, 연소시간, 압력 및 온도와 같은 성능 요구조건의 충족 여부를 확인하였으며 Boron/MgAl/AP 등을 혼합한 연료농후 고체추진제의 연소특성을 분석하였다. 유량조절장치는 Plunger 타입으로 개발하여 토출면적 조절로 유량 및 압력을 제어할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 토출 유로 내 연소 생성물 부착으로 인한 토출면적 감소에 따라 압력 안정화 구간 없이 연소압력이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 토출면적 감소로 인한 압력증가의 연소특성 분석은 본 논문의 Part 2에서 다루어진다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.942-957
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• 2011

이 연구는 연소에 대해 초등교사가 가지고 있는 개념 수준을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 성별, 경력, 6학년 과학교과의 지도 경험, 과학 관련 학력이 고루 분포되도록 하여 12명의 초등교사를 연구 대상으로 선정 하였다. 연구 대상자들에게 5개의 주관식 문항으로 구성된 개념 검사지를 투입하여 개념 정도를 알아본 후, 좀 더 구체적으로 개념 수준 정도를 알아보기 위해 반구조화된 면담을 실시하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 개념 검사지의 내용은 '연소의 정의', '집기병으로 덮었을 때 촛불이 꺼지는 이유', '집기병 속 연소 전과 후의 산소와 이산화탄소', '철솜의 연소', '연소 후 생성물'에 관한 것으로 구성되었다. 그리고 교사별 각 문항에 대한 응답을 과학적 개념(S), 부분개념(P), 오개념(M)의 수준으로 분류하여 정리하였다. 그 결과 모든 문항에서 오개념 또는 부분개념을 가진 교사가 50% 이상이었다. 또한 6학년 과학 교과 지도 경험이 있는 교사들이 경험이 없는 교사들에 비해 연소에 대한 과학적 개념 형성 비율이 높다는 것도 알 수 있었다. 눈에 보이지 않는 기체를 다루는 연소 개념을 눈으로 볼 수 있는 시각화 자료가 개발되어야 하며, 이를 이용해 교사 연수 또는 예비교사 교육이 이루어진다면 교사들의 과학적 개념 형성에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2016

Increasing concerns of environment need to make change furniture field to more environmentally friendly approach, such as reuse of by-products from wooden products. As it is, the methods of recycling wood for industrial purposes have the advantage of productivity and adaptability. However, the industrial way is required a certain production facility of processing wooden by-products and has possible hygienic problems due to contaminated sources. Many designers have developed their own methods for reuse of wood in unique and artistic ways. Even so, because of confined sources, it could be not enough supply. Therefore, I developed the design methodology utilizing wooden by-products from S Design Company to relieve former ways' problems. The design suggestion took materials from a safe and abundant source. The wooden leftover pieces were connected together with epoxy clay, so previous process traces of furniture are remained as a decorative factor. Moreover, the synthesized material was able to be processed by ordinary woodworking facilities without additional installations. In doing so, console table focused on a commercial purpose and dining table for an artistic objective were successfully fabricated as final suggestions. In consideration of the proposal using wooden furniture leftovers, diverse recycling designs should be investigated for future reference.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.430-438
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• 2008

Siberian spruce, found in the northern temperature and boreal regions of the earth, is usable biomass as fuels. In this study, parameters of thermochemical degradation by pyrolysis-liquefaction reaction of siberian spruce such as the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and degradation products and energy yields were investigated. The liquid products from pyrolysis-liquefaction of siberian spruce contained various kinds of cyclicketones, cresols, dimethyl phenols and benzenediols. Combustion heating value of liquid products from pyrolysis-liquefaction conversion processes was in the range of $7,650{\sim}7,800cal/g$. The energy yield in pyrolysis-liquefaction of siberian spruce was as high as 69.5% after 40min of reaction at $400^{\circ}C$. The liquid products from the thermochemical conversion of siberian spruce could be used as high octane value fuels and fuel additives.