• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.654-660
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• 2011

One of the best way to control Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) is proposed to construct first flush storage tank. But there is little known parameters for optimum design of these facilities. This study was conducted to get optimum design parameters for a first flush storage tank construction. The optimization of the tank is generally based upon some measure of SS(Suspended Solid) mass holding efficiency. Water quality deterioration of receiving water body happened right after first time occurring rainfall in dry weather seasons. So, design rainfall intensity is used at 2 mm/hr for peak of monthly average intensities of dry seasons. The capacities for each evaluated catchment are designed from 14.4 min to 16.1 min HRT of CSOs flow at design rainfall intensity. Owing to all storage tanks are connected to interception sewer having a redundancy, the suggested volume could be cut down.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1984

Effects of water soluble carrier on the dissolution characteristics of indomethacin coprecipitates were investigated. Water soluble carriers used were polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrose, mannitol and their mixtures of various ratios. The dissolution rates of indomethacin from coprecipitate with ratios of drug-to-carrier, kinds of carrier and ratios of carriers were as follows: 1. The dissolution rates increased proportionally to the ratios of carrier in the case of both single and combined carrier, and the dissolution rate of coprecipitate with the combined carrier was more rapid than that with single carrier. 2. The combined carrier of PVP-dextrose (1 : 2) in the case of the coprecipitate of drug-to carrier (1 : 1) and PVP-dextrose (4 : 1) in the case of the coprecipitate of drug-to carrier (1 : 3) yield the most rapid dissolution rate. 3. The dissolution rate of indomethacin was the most markedly enhanced in the case of the combined carrier of PVP and dextrose.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.407-410
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• 2005

This research investigates experimentally an effect on the properties of the combined high flowing concrete by mix design factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix proportion of the combined high flowing concrete having good flowability, viscosity, no-segregation and design strength(40.0MPa). For this purpose, trial mixings used belite cement+lime stone powder(LSP) are tested by mix design factors including water-cement ratio($47.9\~54.0\%$), fine aggregate volume ratio($41\~45\%$) and coarse aggregate volume ratio($41\~45\%$). As test results of this study, the optimum mix proportion for the combined high flowing concrete is as followings. Water-cement ratio $51.0\%$, fine aggregate volume ratio $43{\pm}1\%$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $0.30{\pm}0.05m^3/m^3$ and replacement ratio of LSP $42.7\%$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.623-631
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• 2018

공용중인 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성 연구는 한 가지 원인에 대한 단독열화 연구를 주로 연구하였지만 실제 구조물의 공용시기에는 두 가지 이상의 환경에 노출되어 있어 이러한 복합열화에 대한 관심이 최근 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 복합열화에 대해 일반적으로 염해와 동결융해에 대해서는 일부 연구가 진행되어 있지만 콘크리트의 양생 직후부터 발생하는 탄산화와 다른 내구성능저하에 대한 복합열화 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 특히, 탄산화를 중심으로 하는 복합열화는 탄산화의 경우 탄산화 진행시 콘크리트 조직이 치밀해진다는 문헌고찰에 따라 조직의 치밀해지는 이유로 연구가 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트의 탄산화 및 동결융해에 대한 복합열화를 평가 분석한 결과이다. 평가를 위하여 탄산화된 콘크리트를 동결융해 300싸이클까지 복합열화 시험을 실시하여 동탄성계수와 압축강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 물-결합재비에 대한 영향 평가에서 35 %의 콘크리트가 55 %의 콘크리트에 비해 복합열화 성능이 낮은 것을 확인하였고, 광물질혼화재료를 사용한 경우 플라이애시와 고로슬래그미분말을 사용한 경우 동일 물-결합재비에서 보통포틀랜드 시멘트 사용 콘크리트보다 복합열화에 대한 성능이 개선되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2005

The runoff characteristics of combined sewer overflow(CSO) in the urban area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) and GIS. From August to November 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flowrate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. these data were used for model calibration. Using GIS technique, watershed characteristics of study area were calculated. that is, divide into sub_basin, total width, slope, make soil map etc. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it could be known that the $80-90\%$ of pollution load are discharged in early-stage storm runoff. SMC(site mean Concentration) for combined sewer system area were BOD 28.1, COD 31.5, SS 186 ppm etc. this is shown that during the rain fall, high concentration of waste was loaded to receiving water. Unit loads of combined sewer system area were BOD 306, COD 410, SS 789, T-N 79, T-P 6.8 kg/ha/yr.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
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• pp.255-256
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• 2005

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.320-330
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• 2004

Most of domestic city is served combined sewer system among various sewer system like as separate sanitary, combined sewer system and storm sewers. During the wet weather, sewer and rainfall have been overflowed because it is over capacity of the combined sewer system; that is called combined sewer overflows(CSOs) This research was carried out to investigate runoff characteristics of combined sewer and to evaluate the effective CSOs volume in Hong-Chun gun. During wet weather, SS load of first rainfall at H-1, H-2, and H-3 were 600kg/event, 370kg/event, and 289kg/event, respectively. 55 load of second rainfall were 216kg/event, 113kg/event, and 37.2kg/event. When the first rainfall, event mean concentrations(EMCs) at each site were 702mg/L, 816mgjL and 861.5mg/L. The second rainfall's event mean concentrations(EMCs) were 99.9gm/L, 161.9mg/L, 103.6mg/L. Rrst flush coefficient b at each site were 0.237,0.166, and 0.151. When the first rainfall, the flow containing 80% of pollutant mass of CSOs at each site were 0.55, 0.23, 0.48 in first rainfall, respectively. The case of second rainfall were 0.79, 0.83, 0.81. Most of all, characteristics of rainfall like as analysis of first-flush, CSOs volume, pollutant loadings is investigated to decide intercepted volume for control of CSOs.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

Generally, reinforced concrete is one of the most commonly used structural materials and it prevents corrosion of steel bar by high pH of interior, But, as time elapsed, reinforced concrete structure become deteriorated by many of combined deterioration factors and environmental conditions. And, there are large number of deteriorate mechanism of the reinforced concrete structure and it acts complexly. It is recognized that steel bar corrosion is the main distress behind the present concern regarding concrete durability. In this study, to institute combined deterioration environments, established acceleration condition and cycle for combined deterioration environments has a resemblance to environments which are real structures placed. After that to confirm corrosion properties of reinforced concrete due to permeability with covering depth and types of surface cover under combined deterioration environments, measured carbonation velocity coefficients, chloride ion diffusion coefficients, water absorption coefficients, air permeability coefficients and electric potential, corrosion area ratio, weight reduction, corrosion velocity of steel bar. The results showed that an increase in age also decrease carbonation velocity coefficients, increase Chloride ion diffusion coefficients and increases water absorption coefficients. As well, an increase in age also increases corrosion of steel bar. Data on the development of corrosion velocity of steel bar with types of surface cover made with none, organic B, organic A, inorganic B, and inorganic A is shown. As well, permeability and corrosion velocity of steel bar with covering depth is superior to 10mm than 20mm. And it is confirmed permeability and corrosion properties of steel bar are closely related.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2012

Accurate predictions about the water quality of a river have great importance in identifying in-stream flow and water supply requirements and solving relevant environmental problems. In this study, the effect of water release from upstream dam on the downstream water quality has been investigated by applying a hydological model combined with QUAL2E to Geum River basin. The ESP (Ensemble Stream Prediction) method, which has been validated and verified by lots of researchers, was used to predict reservoir and tributary inflow. The input parameters for a combined model to predict both hydrological characteristics and water quality were identified and optimized. In order to verify the model performance, the simulated result at Gongju station, located at the downstream from Daecheong Dam, has been compared with measured data in 2008. As a result, it was found that the proposed model simulates well the values of BOD, T-N, and T-P with an acceptable reliability.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2020

This study is to improve the efficiency of BTL (Build Transfer Lease) project operation by comparing the infiltration rate based on the data of 5 years of infiltration of the separate sewer system and combined sewer system. In the survey site, the separate sewer system area consists of eight flowmeters in seven treatment basins, and the combined sewer system area consists of eight flowmeters in five treatment basins. The infillration rate was analyzed by night-time domestic flow evaluation method, and the average infiltration rates of the separate sewer system and combined sewer system were 13% and 16%, respectively. Combined sewer system was about 1.3 times higher than the separate sewer system. The average BOD of separate sewer system was 233 mg/L, which was about 2.4 times higher than the combined sewer system was 107 mg/L. In the comparison of the average pipe diameter-length infiltration of separate sewer system and combined sewer system, the separate sewer system and the combined sewer system were about 0.150 ㎥/d/mm/km and about 0.109 ㎥/d/mm/km, respectively. The floating population in mixed residential and commercial areas has been identified as the cause. Therefore, we propose a method to calculate the infiltration rate in consideration of the margin ratio in the area where the night active population is concentrated.