• Title/Summary/Keyword: combined neighborhood differences

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Unsupervised Multispectral Image Segmentation Based on 1D Combined Neighborhood Differences (1D 통합된 근접차이에 기반한 자율적인 다중분광 영상 분할)

  • Saipullah, Khairul Muzzammil;Yun, Byung-Choon;Kim, Deok-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.625-628
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    • 2010
  • This paper proposes a novel feature extraction method for unsupervised multispectral image segmentation based in one dimensional combined neighborhood differences (1D CND). In contrast with the original CND, which is applied with traditional image, 1D CND is computed on a single pixel with various bands. The proposed algorithm utilizes the sign of differences between bands of the pixel. The difference values are thresholded to form a binary codeword. A binomial factor is assigned to these codeword to form another unique value. These values are then grouped to construct the 1D CND feature image where is used in the unsupervised image segmentation. Various experiments using two LANDSAT multispectral images have been performed to evaluate the segmentation and classification accuracy of the proposed method. The result shows that 1D CND feature outperforms the spectral feature, with average classification accuracy of 87.55% whereas that of spectral feature is 55.81%.

Texture Descriptor for Texture-Based Image Retrieval and Its Application in Computer-Aided Diagnosis System (질감 기반 이미지 검색을 위한 질감 서술자 및 컴퓨터 조력 진단 시스템의 적용)

  • Saipullah, Khairul Muzzammil;Peng, Shao-Hu;Kim, Deok-Hwan
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.34-43
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    • 2010
  • Texture information plays an important role in object recognition and classification. To perform an accurate classification, the texture feature used in the classification must be highly discriminative. This paper presents a novel texture descriptor for texture-based image retrieval and its application in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for Emphysema classification. The texture descriptor is based on the combination of local surrounding neighborhood difference and centralized neighborhood difference and is named as Combined Neighborhood Difference (CND). The local differences of surrounding neighborhood difference and centralized neighborhood difference between pixels are compared and converted into binary codewords. Then binomial factor is assigned to the codewords in order to convert them into high discriminative unique values. The distribution of these unique values is computed and used as the texture feature vectors. The texture classification accuracies using Outex and Brodatz dataset show that CND achieves an average of 92.5%, whereas LBP, LND and Gabor filter achieve 89.3%, 90.7% and 83.6%, respectively. The implementations of CND in the computer-aided diagnosis of Emphysema is also presented in this paper.

The Relative Influence of Diet and Physical Activity on Obesity in China

  • Cui Zhao-Hui;Li Yan-Ping;Di Yu-Feng;Ba Lei;Hu Xiaoqi;Ma Guan-Sheng
    • Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative influence of diet and physical activity on obesity. The subjects were 155 adults aged 35-52 years from 24 neighborhood committees in 4 urban districts of Beijing (male : 78, female : 77). They were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to their BMI. The general information of the subjects was collected by interview-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was obtained by three-day(two weekdays and one weekend day) food weighted method, physical activity was assessed by a validated combination of data obtained from activity monitors, bicycling information and activity records. There were no significant differences of age, gender, height, educational, family economic level, smoking and drinking between different groups. The proportion of flour intake was higher in obese group compared to normal weight and overweight groups, and that of vegetables is lower in obese group. The physical activity (PAL) was not significantly different between two groups of the normal, overweight and obese groups. After the adjustment for confounding factors using logistic regression model, we found that the proportion of flour intake was positively associated with obesity, while the proportion of vegetable intake was inversely associated with obesity. It is concluded that dietary patterns were associated with obesity and diets composed of more vegetables and less staple combined with physical activities could contribute to obesity prevention.

Learning of Rules for Edge Detection of Image using Fuzzy Classifier System (퍼지 분류가 시스템을 이용한 영상의 에지 검출 규칙 학습)

  • 정치선;반창봉;심귀보
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.252-259
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy Classifier System(FCS) to find a set of fuzzy rules which can carry out the edge detection of a image. The FCS is based on the fuzzy logic system combined with machine learning. Therefore the antecedent and consequent of a classifier in FCS are the same as those of a fuzzy rule. There are two different approaches, Michigan and Pittsburgh approaches, to acquire appropriate fuzzy rules by evolutionary computation. In this paper, we use the Michigan style in which a single fuzzy if-then rule is coded as an individual. Also the FCS employs the Genetic Algorithms to generate new rules and modify rules when performance of the system needs to be improved. The proposed method is evaluated by applying it to the edge detection of a gray-level image that is a pre-processing step of the computer vision. the differences of average gray-level of the each vertical/horizontal arrays of neighborhood pixels are represented into fuzzy sets, and then the center pixel is decided whether it is edge pixel or not using fuzzy if-then rules. We compare the resulting image with a conventional edge image obtained by the other edge detection method such as Sobel edge detection.

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A Multimodal Profile Ensemble Approach to Development of Recommender Systems Using Big Data (빅데이터 기반 추천시스템 구현을 위한 다중 프로파일 앙상블 기법)

  • Kim, Minjeong;Cho, Yoonho
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.93-110
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    • 2015
  • The recommender system is a system which recommends products to the customers who are likely to be interested in. Based on automated information filtering technology, various recommender systems have been developed. Collaborative filtering (CF), one of the most successful recommendation algorithms, has been applied in a number of different domains such as recommending Web pages, books, movies, music and products. But, it has been known that CF has a critical shortcoming. CF finds neighbors whose preferences are like those of the target customer and recommends products those customers have most liked. Thus, CF works properly only when there's a sufficient number of ratings on common product from customers. When there's a shortage of customer ratings, CF makes the formation of a neighborhood inaccurate, thereby resulting in poor recommendations. To improve the performance of CF based recommender systems, most of the related studies have been focused on the development of novel algorithms under the assumption of using a single profile, which is created from user's rating information for items, purchase transactions, or Web access logs. With the advent of big data, companies got to collect more data and to use a variety of information with big size. So, many companies recognize it very importantly to utilize big data because it makes companies to improve their competitiveness and to create new value. In particular, on the rise is the issue of utilizing personal big data in the recommender system. It is why personal big data facilitate more accurate identification of the preferences or behaviors of users. The proposed recommendation methodology is as follows: First, multimodal user profiles are created from personal big data in order to grasp the preferences and behavior of users from various viewpoints. We derive five user profiles based on the personal information such as rating, site preference, demographic, Internet usage, and topic in text. Next, the similarity between users is calculated based on the profiles and then neighbors of users are found from the results. One of three ensemble approaches is applied to calculate the similarity. Each ensemble approach uses the similarity of combined profile, the average similarity of each profile, and the weighted average similarity of each profile, respectively. Finally, the products that people among the neighborhood prefer most to are recommended to the target users. For the experiments, we used the demographic data and a very large volume of Web log transaction for 5,000 panel users of a company that is specialized to analyzing ranks of Web sites. R and SAS E-miner was used to implement the proposed recommender system and to conduct the topic analysis using the keyword search, respectively. To evaluate the recommendation performance, we used 60% of data for training and 40% of data for test. The 5-fold cross validation was also conducted to enhance the reliability of our experiments. A widely used combination metric called F1 metric that gives equal weight to both recall and precision was employed for our evaluation. As the results of evaluation, the proposed methodology achieved the significant improvement over the single profile based CF algorithm. In particular, the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity shows the highest performance. That is, the rate of improvement in F1 is 16.9 percent for the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity and 8.1 percent for the ensemble approach using average similarity of each profile. From these results, we conclude that the multimodal profile ensemble approach is a viable solution to the problems encountered when there's a shortage of customer ratings. This study has significance in suggesting what kind of information could we use to create profile in the environment of big data and how could we combine and utilize them effectively. However, our methodology should be further studied to consider for its real-world application. We need to compare the differences in recommendation accuracy by applying the proposed method to different recommendation algorithms and then to identify which combination of them would show the best performance.

Pre-Evaluation for Prediction Accuracy by Using the Customer's Ratings in Collaborative Filtering (협업필터링에서 고객의 평가치를 이용한 선호도 예측의 사전평가에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Seok-Jun;Kim, Sun-Ok
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.187-206
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    • 2007
  • The development of computer and information technology has been combined with the information superhighway internet infrastructure, so information widely spreads not only in special fields but also in the daily lives of people. Information ubiquity influences the traditional way of transaction, and leads a new E-commerce which distinguishes from the existing E-commerce. Not only goods as physical but also service as non-physical come into E-commerce. As the scale of E-Commerce is being enlarged as well. It keeps people from finding information they want. Recommender systems are now becoming the main tools for E-Commerce to mitigate the information overload. Recommender systems can be defined as systems for suggesting some Items(goods or service) considering customers' interests or tastes. They are being used by E-commerce web sites to suggest products to their customers who want to find something for them and to provide them with information to help them decide which to purchase. There are several approaches of recommending goods to customer in recommender system but in this study, the main subject is focused on collaborative filtering technique. This study presents a possibility of pre-evaluation for the prediction performance of customer's preference in collaborative filtering before the process of customer's preference prediction. Pre-evaluation for the prediction performance of each customer having low performance is classified by using the statistical features of ratings rated by each customer is conducted before the prediction process. In this study, MovieLens 100K dataset is used to analyze the accuracy of classification. The classification criteria are set by using the training sets divided 80% from the 100K dataset. In the process of classification, the customers are divided into two groups, classified group and non classified group. To compare the prediction performance of classified group and non classified group, the prediction process runs the 20% test set through the Neighborhood Based Collaborative Filtering Algorithm and Correspondence Mean Algorithm. The prediction errors from those prediction algorithm are allocated to each customer and compared with each user's error. Research hypothesis : Two research hypotheses are formulated in this study to test the accuracy of the classification criterion as follows. Hypothesis 1: The estimation accuracy of groups classified according to the standard deviation of each user's ratings has significant difference. To test the Hypothesis 1, the standard deviation is calculated for each user in training set which is divided 80% from MovieLens 100K dataset. Four groups are classified according to the quartile of the each user's standard deviations. It is compared to test the estimation errors of each group which results from test set are significantly different. Hypothesis 2: The estimation accuracy of groups that are classified according to the distribution of each user's ratings have significant differences. To test the Hypothesis 2, the distributions of each user's ratings are compared with the distribution of ratings of all customers in training set which is divided 80% from MovieLens 100K dataset. It assumes that the customers whose ratings' distribution are different from that of all customers would have low performance, so six types of different distributions are set to be compared. The test groups are classified into fit group or non-fit group according to the each type of different distribution assumed. The degrees in accordance with each type of distribution and each customer's distributions are tested by the test of ${\chi}^2$ goodness-of-fit and classified two groups for testing the difference of the mean of errors. Also, the degree of goodness-of-fit with the distribution of each user's ratings and the average distribution of the ratings in the training set are closely related to the prediction errors from those prediction algorithms. Through this study, the customers who have lower performance of prediction than the rest in the system are classified by those two criteria, which are set by statistical features of customers ratings in the training set, before the prediction process.

A Study on the Social Capital of Marriage Immigrant Women : focused on the neighbourhood community of Filipino immigrant women (결혼이주여성의 사회자본에 관한 연구 - 필리핀 결혼이주여성의 근린공동체를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Yeong Kyeong;Lee, Jung Hyang
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.163-175
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    • 2014
  • This study is to explain social capital characteristics of Filipino immigrant women at the level of neighborhood. This research targeted Filipino immigrant women in the metropolis, small town and rural area in Korea to find out the relevance of individual property and characteristics of the community and social capital of neighboring communities- school community, cathedral community, etc- through measurement of the participants' recognition. This study reveals that differences exist in the relationship between length of residence and social capital in the school community and the catholic church community. There is a significant positive relationship between length of residence and political factors in the catholic church community, thereby having a better relationship with longer period of stay, while length of residence and confidence show a negative trend in the school community, leading to less confidence. The catholic church community holds a dominant position in homogeneity, cohesion, and the amount of social capital. According to the findings, social capital 'relation' is more closely related to homogeneity of the community, 'norms' to cohesion. 'Relation and norms' and 'confidence and politics' factors are recognized similarly in both communities, thus resulting in the recognition that decision making within the community, the share of value, and observance of social norms approximate a friendly relationship among members, and satisfaction level, emotional support, and confidence among members approach politics that members can talk about their personal matters. It is noted in the research process that the symbolism of the cathedral community as a transnational circuit behavior occurs where collective culture and personal desires of Filipino immigrant women were combined with production of social capital. Filipino immigrant women's awareness of community and social capital appearing in the cathedral community show that not only residence, along with the cultural identity of Filipino immigrant women, but also collective social and cultural characteristics, such as 'family reunion' can not be overlooked. In particular, at this time when discussion and debate on the interculturalism over multiculturalism is heating up, communal spirit and social capital based on the ethnic identity are important in that they can be a crucial path to the cross-cultural interaction with our society, therefore, a study on the social capital of the ethnic community needs to be encouraged and extended to more diverse communities, to the space of the multilayered scale.

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