• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-194
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• 2017

Research to date has mainly focused on structural analysis and design of wind turbines considering turbulent aerodynamic loading. The combined effects of wind and seismic loading have not been studied by many researchers. With the recent expansion of wind turbines into seismically active regions research is now needed into the implications of seismic loading coupled with turbulent aerodynamic loading. This paper proposes a monitoring procedure for onshore horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) subjected to this combined loading regime. The paper examines the impact of seismic loading on the 5-MW baseline HAWT developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). A modified version of FAST, an open-source program developed by NREL, is used to perform the dynamic analysis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.25-38
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• 1991

The immunopotenciating effects of petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract and butanol fraction of panax ginseng on the immunotoxicity of Cimetidine were investigated in ICR mice. Immune responses were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and rosette forming cell (RFC) in mice, sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells. To investigate the change of the non-specific immune responses, phagocyte activity and number of leukocytes in peripheral blood were measured also. The results of this study are summarized as followings; 1. Cimetidine treated group as compared with normal group generally decreased HA, 2-MER, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity whereas in-creased Arthus reaction and DTH. 2. The panax ginseng petroleum ether extract combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased HA, 2-MER, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity. 3. The panax ginseng ethanol extract combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased Arthus reaction, DTH, HA, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity. 4. The panax ginseng butanol fraction combined administration group as compared with the control group remarkably increased Arthus reaction, HA, 2-MER, RFC, number of circulating leukocytes and phagocyte activity.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2000

This paper numerically deals with combined heat transfer in a enclosure with a block. The block affected by hot wall is located centrally in the enclosure with a radiating gray gas. The discrete ordinate method(DOM) was used for solving the radiative transfer equation. Both laminar and turbulent cases were investigated for various Rayleigh number and standard k-$\varepsilon$ model was adopted to turbulent case. The effects of optical thickness, wall emissivity and fluid-solid thermal conductivity ratio are investigated on the flow and temperature fields. This study shows that as the wall emissivity decreases, the temperature distribution gradually becomes uniform and the heat transfer is reduced in enclosure. It is expected that this study can help to design the energy system related to the combined heat transfer and operate it safely.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.32-37
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• 1975

The intentional test of the clinical test on the mouse, which are orally administered salicylamide combined with chlorpheniramine maleate were made by writhing syndrome method of 0.7% acetic acid-saline solution and following effects were found. 1) The cross-over test of writhing syndrome method have intention in case of three days rest after the first examination. 2) The most active rate of salicylamide by administration combined with chlorpheniramine maleate is salicylamide 20mg/kg: chlorpheniramine maleate 20mg/kg (1:1) 3) The most active range of chlorpheniramine maleate used for assistant action of salicylamide is $15mg/kg{\sim}20mg/kg$

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2006년도 정기총회 및 제37차 춘계 국제학술발표대회
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• pp.325-328
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• 2006

In low nitrite level, treatment of combined with pressure and thermal processing improved cured meat colour comparing with that of only thermal processing. However, visual colour of only pressurised treatment could not be improved at low nitrite level. Pressure treatment could develop cured meat colour when high nitrite level was added. Moreover, pressurisation combined with thermal processing decreased nitrite residuals compared to thermal processing. Therefore the results indicated that pressurisation combined with thermal processing had potential benefits in appearance of cured meat products, promising improved food safety.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.164-176
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• 1996

The main intention of this paper is to develop and compare the algorithm based on finite element procedures for nonlinear transient dynamic analysis which has combined effects of material and geometric nonlinearities. Incremental equilibrium equations based on the principle of virtual work are derived by the finite element approach. For the elasto - plastic large deformation analysis of shells and the determination of the displacement-time configuration under time-varying loads, the explicit, implicit and combined explicit-implicit time integration algorithm is adopted. In the time structure is selected and the results are compared with each others. Isoparametric 8-noded quadrilateral curved elements are used for shell structure in the analysis and for geometrically nonlinear elastic behaviour, a total Lagrangian coordinate system was adopted. On the other hands, material nonlinearity is based on elasto-plastic models with Von-Mises yield criteria. Thus, the combined explicit-implicit time integration algorithm is benefit in general case of shell structure, which is the result of this paper.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.138-139
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• 2018

This study is a basic review of the basic characteristics of mortar as a result of the use of concrete as a fine aggregate for CGS(coal gasification slag) generated from the IGCC(integrated gasification combined cycle). The analysis shows that CGS and crushed sand + seal sand mix is the best combination of CGS combined with about 75 % of CGS based on the effects of promoting liquidity and strength. This is expected to be a positive factor in securing the strength and flexibility of concrete given the optimal mix of CGS, and may also contribute to the improvement of quality.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.70-73
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• 2007

The forming characteristics of cup-rod combined extrusion process were investigated with process parameter change. Simultaneous forward rod extrusion and backward cup extrusion was conducted with magnesium alloy, AZ31B. Process parameters such as forward extrusion ratio, backward extrusion ratio, and working temperature were controlled in a specific region and the effects of the parameter change were examined. Surface crack was developed in a certain state of the process parameters combination. The crack-free forming limit of the alloy in the combined process was disclosed by the parameter study. The microstructures of the initial and extruded workpieces were observed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2002

The use of supplemental damping to dissipate seismic energy is one of the most economical and effective ways to mitigate the effects of earthquakes on structures. Both displacement-dependent and velocity-dependent devices dissipate earthquake-induced energy effectively. Combining displacement-dependent and velocity-dependent devices for seismic mitigation of structures minimizes the shortcomings of individual dampers, and is the most economical solution for seismic mitigation. However, there are few publications related to the optimum distributions of combined devices in a multiple-bay frame building. In this paper, the effectiveness of a building consisting of multiple bags equipped with combined displacement-dependent and velocity-dependent devices is investigated. A four-story building with six bays was selected as an example to examine the efficiency of the proposed combination methods. The parametric study shows that appropriate arrangements of different kinds of devices make the devices more efficient and economical.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.685-699
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• 2014

In this study, the dynamic responses of a riser under the combined excitation of internal waves and background currents are studied. A modified Taylor-Goldstein equation is used to calculate the internal waves vertical structures when background currents exist. By imposing rigid-lid boundary condition, the equation is solved by Thompson-Haskell method. Based on the principle of virtual work, a nonlinear differential equation for riser motions is established combined with the modified Morison formula. Using Newmark-${\beta}$ method, the motion equation is solved in time domain. It is observed that the internal waves without currents exhibit dominated effect on dynamic response of a riser in the first two modes. With the effects of the background currents, the motion displacements of the riser will increase significantly in both cases that wave goes along and against the currents. This phenomenon is most obviously observed at the motions in the first mode.