• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.483-489
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• 2016

This paper proposes a repeat-back jamming signal detection scheme that utilizes a combined pseudo random noise signal that is effective for processing a global positioning system (GPS) repeat-back jamming signal with the early minus late phase scheme to alleviate any existing multipath signal detection. The proposed scheme uses the combined pseudo random noise signal to treat repeat-back jamming signals like similar multipath signals and can effectively detect a repeat-back jamming signal by applying the early minus late phase scheme to a combined pseudo random noise signal. Through a Monte-Carlo simulation, the detection probability of the proposed scheme is better than the one of the conventional scheme under low jamming to signal power ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

There are ATC (Automatic Train Control), ATP (Automatic Train Protection), ATS (Automatic Train Stop) and ATO (Automatic Train Operation) etc. in train control systems. As various train control systems are installed according to sections, on-board signaling systems are installed to apply to the section. Hence, operation flexibility of trains is decreased. In other words, when trains are operated in the section where other train control systems are used, the on-board signaling systems are changed. Recently, a study on the combined on-board signaling system has been researched to solve this problem. The combined on-board signaling system consists of ATC, ATP and ATS device. Because the train control systems are vital, it needs to design the combined on-board signaling system by using k out of n system. In this paper, when k out of n system is applied in the combined on-board signaling system, the reliability and loss cost are analyzed by using failure rate in each device. Hence, the ideal number of systems is presented according to the number of outputs.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.583-589
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• 2004

Modem control systems often use a communication network to send measurement and control signals between nodes. Communication delays can be time varying. The length of the time delays is often hard to predict and modeled as being random. This paper proposes a combined controller used to compensate network time delay by estimating the delay with the interacting multiple model (IMM). The network delay is modeled as a Markov chain and 3 modes representing heavy, medium, and low network loads are used in the IMM. The proposed method is applied to an optimal control system with double integrators and the results are compared with the existing control methods.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.66-72
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• 2003

This paper proposes an optimum, problematic design for structural and control systems, taking a 3-D truss structure as an example. The structure is subjected to initial static loads and time-varying disturbances. The structure is controlled by a state feedback H$_{\infty}$ controller which suppress the effects of disturbances. The design variables are the cross sectional areas of truss members. The structural objective function is the structural weight. For the control objective, we consider two types of performance indices, The first function represents the effect of the initial loads. The second function is the norm of the feedback gain, These objective functions are in conflict with each other but are transformed into one control objective by the weighting method. The structural objectives is treated as the constraint, By introducing the second control objective which considers the magnitude of the feedback gain, we can create a design to model errors.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

In this study, a reliable control scheme with PID combined controller will be considered. The combined controller in this study is PID algorithm with parameters tuned by using ILC (iterative learning control) approach. The controller was applied to the vibration isolator using an induction motor which works as an actuator. This isolator is developed to eliminate the influence of vibration from rotating machineries on the small ship. The NI cRIO real time controller with FPGA is loaded to get or generate control signals. Crank mechanism which converts rotating energy into translational force is adopted and the relation between control force and torque generated from actuator is also analyzed. A Labview program is composed for controlling practice. Experimental results will be described to show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.221-228
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• 2001

In this paper, a new control algorithm of series active power filter is proposed to reduce harmonic generated from nonlinear load in power system. In conventional control algorithm, harmonic current must be calculated firstly, and then compensation voltage was calculated by using the results but the proposed control algorithm can calculate compensation voltage directly. Compensating principle of proposed control algorithm is presented in detail. A combined system of series active filter and passive filter is composed in order to experiment. Experiment was carried out to verify proposed control algorithm of series active filter and experimental results are analyzed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3951-3954
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate the electronic anti-nausea instrument (EANI) combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Methods: Patients who received highly emetogenic chemotherapy were randomly assigned to a treatment group (60 patients) treated with EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron, and control group (also 60 patients) given only hydrochloride palonosetron. Chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting were observed and recorded in both groups of patients from the start till the end of chemotherapy. Results: Complete control rates of vomiting in treatment and control group were 40%, and 35%, respectively, without any statistical ly significant difference (p>0.05); however the response rates are 95.0%, 78.3%, respectively, with statistical difference (p<0.05). Complete control rates of nausea in treatment and control group were 36.7%, 30%, respectively, without statistical difference (p>0.05); but the response rates are 90.0%, 76.7%, respectively, with statistical difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy could be more effective than hydrochloride palonosetron alone, and can be recommended for use in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.2006-2013
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• 2019

The isolation of respiratory viruses, especially from clinical specimens, often shows poor efficiency with classical cell culture methods. The lack of suitable methods to generate virus particles inhibits the development of diagnostic assays, treatments, and vaccines. We compared three inoculation methods, classical cell culture, the addition of a JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480, and centrifugation-enhanced inoculation (CEI), to replicate human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). In addition, a combined method using AZD1480 treatment and CEI was used on throat swabs to verify that this method could increase virus isolation efficiency from human clinical specimens. Both CEI and AZD1480 treatment increased HRSV and HMPV genome replication. Also, the combined method using CEI and AZD1480 treatment enhanced virus proliferation synergistically. The combined method is particularly suited for the isolation of interferon-sensitive or slowly growing viruses from human clinical specimens.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

A combined watershed and receiving waterbody model was developed for operational water flow forecasting of the Nakdong river. The Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) was used for simulating the flow rates at major tributaries. To simulate the flow dynamics in the main stream, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, EFDC was used with the inputs derived from the HSPF simulation. The combined models were calibrated and verified using the data measured under different hydrometeological and hydraulic conditions. The model results were generally in good agreement with the field measurements in both calibration and verification. The 7-days forecasting performance of water flows in the Nakdong river was satisfying compared with model calibration results. The forecasting results suggested that the water flow forecasting errors were primarily attributed to the uncertainties of the models, numerical weather prediction, and water release at the hydraulic structures such as upstream dams and weirs. From the results, it is concluded that the combined watershed-waterbody model could successfully simulate the water flows in the Nakdong river. Also, it is suggested that integrating real-time data and information of dam/weir operation plans into model simulation would be essential to improve forecasting reliability.