• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.62-72
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of ripe fruit based on harvest date and to examine the ripening phase of 'Seolhyang' strawberry suitable for room temperature, cold-chain, and low temperature distribution. The strawberries were harvested six times between December 20 to May 9. The appropriate maturity of strawberries is characterized by the firmness of approximately 2.9-3.0 N, and SSC remained above 8.6 °Brix until March and declined after April. The quality index values that determine the maturity stage of strawberries should be red color, Hunter a value ranging from 32 to 37, and hue angle of 36-45℃. For the after-ripening experiment, the progression rate of the ripening stage determined based on strawberry color was 10%/day at room temperature, 5%/day at 10-12℃, and 3%/day at 5℃. Thus, strawberries should be harvested at 80% coloring stage for distribution at room temperature and at least 90% for low temperature storage to maintain the merchantability. Besides, strawberries harvested at 70% coloring stage at room temperature and strawberries harvested below 80% coloring stage at low temperatures below 5℃ had lost commercial value before reaching 100% coloring stage.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-154
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• 2019

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound used in consumer products. The purpose of current study was to examine toxicology and risk assessment of TCS based on available data. Acute toxicities of oral, transdermal and inhalation routes were low, and phototoxicity and neurotoxicity were not observed. Topical treatment of TCS to animal caused mild irritation. TCS did not induce reproductive and developmental toxicity in rodents. In addition, genotoxicity was not considered based on in vitro and in vivo tests of TCS. It is not classified as a carcinogen in international authorities such as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined 12 mg/kg bw/day for TCS, based on haematoxicity and reduction of absolute and relative spleen weights in a 104-week oral toxicity study in rats. Percutaneous absorption rate was set as 14%, which was human skin absorption study reported by National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) (2009). The systemic exposure dosage (SED) of TCS has been derived by two scenarios depending on the cosmetics usage of Koreans. The first scenario is the combined use of representative cosmetics and oral care products. The second scenario is the combined use of rinse-off products of cleansing, deodorants, coloring products, and oral care products. SEDs have been calculated as 0.14337 mg/kg bw/day for the first scenario and 0.04733 mg/kg bw/day for the second scenario. As a result, margin of safety (MOS) for the first and second scenarios was estimated to 84 and 253.5, respectively. Based on these results, exposure of TCS contained in rinse-off products, deodorants, and coloring products would not pose a significant health risk when it is used up to 0.3%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.479-484
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• 2020

In the social atmosphere where the importance of appearance is increasing day by day, efforts and desires of modern people are becoming more active and diversified, and the beauty beauty industry is gradually becoming more specialized and specialized due to these effects. Hair damage is inevitable due to the excessive permanent wave or hair coloring of modern people. However, as the hair is damaged, the cuticle peels off and falls off, and the tensile force decreases and the satisfaction after hair styling or perm decreases relatively. Therefore, it is necessary to manage damaged hair, but since artificial synthetic products occupy most of hair treatment agents on the market, it is necessary to develop a hair treatment product containing antioxidants useful for the human body. In this study, the effect of maple leaf extract on the mechanical change of colored hair was analyzed to investigate the potential of maple leaf extract as a hair treatment agent to improve damaged hair and improve hair health. It is considered that this study will be used as basic data for the development of hair beauty products using natural products in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

At this study, we select five colorful and high-acid fruits: grape, lemon, orange, grapefruit and kiwi, and we made a composite resin specimen and dipped into fruit juice in order to figure out influence that affects on surface corrosion and coloring. We dipped resin specimen into fruit juice by three-day and seven-day interval at $37^{\circ}C$. Control group used the resin that was not dipped into fruit juice. For surface change according to the time, it was observed by using scanning electron microscopy, and it was measured by using spectrophotometer for change of coloring degree. As a result of surface change of resin by using scanning electron microscopy, furrow size between surface particles increased, and rectangular rod-shape structure was emerged, and small prominent particles on bumps disappeared. As a result of coloring degree of resin by measuring spectrophotometer, a difference between experimental group appears with the darkest brightness in the case where it is dipped into grape extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

Hair is the part of body which expresses man into more manlike. When we create some artworks, we need the most suitable material for the artworks. Similarity, the healthy scalp hair condition and treatment are required to keep our hair clean and healthy. And the improper condition of scalp hair prohibits our hair from normal growing, proceeds the alopecia(loss of hair) and double our physical and mental stresses. The necessity of health treatment of scalp hair which was damaged by frequent permanent hair wave and hair coloring is on the rise. This study will present how to control and treat the scalp hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment. This study finally shows that people think their scalp hair conditions are not normal and chemically treated hair in spite of their natural hair. However, most people think that the scalp hair treatment is very useful to their hair and this result enables us to predict the future market of the scalp hair treatment business will be growing day by day. We need to study further not only scalp hair treatment but also prevention stage in order to keep the healthy hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2000

In an attempt to select grape bag, which elevates grape quality and make easy maturation period determination, the following research was carried out at Chungbuk Institute of Agricultural Technology, Grape Experiment Station. Light transmittance rate of bag reached to 11-65% with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bags. Non-dripped vinyl perforation and white painting bag resulted in 50 and 75%, respectively. Berry weights in non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bag were high than that in paper bag. Non-dripped vinyl perforation 50%, white painting bag brought into fruit cracking, shattering, and rotten fruit, making the investigation difficult. Maturation period preceded about 1-4 day with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl compared with that in paper bag. Soluble solids content with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bags was high and acidity showed a reverse result. Coloring extent was developed rapidly with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl than paper bag. During initial state of coloring, coloring was rapid with Maekban-Stone mixed non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl + non-woven fabric bag. This was rapid with non-woven fabric bag as long appropriate maturation period. Abnormal berry rate was 5.4-7.0% with paper and non-woven fabric bags but brought about as much as 16.6-100% with non-dripped vinyl and it's mixed bags. Appearance quality was the best with index 9.0 for non-woven fabric bag. Maekban-Stone mixed non-woven fabric but non-dripped vinyl performance 50% white painting bag was the least, showing index 1.0. The time consumed for maturation determination was reduced to 74-93% with non-woven fabric and non-dripped vinyl bag compared with 17.4h/10a with paper bag.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

This paper is on the Kasaya that reveals conspicuously the religious meaning among the Korean Buddhist costumes. The Kasaya has the most special meaning among Korean costume culture. It has the most important historical value, for Buddhism is the oldest religion that begins at 4th century A.D.. It has the most unordinary shape that we could not find any other costume culture. It has very important meaning to study on the Kasaya in the religious and cultural history of Korean costume. We have to study Korean Kasaya from surveying Indian Buddhist Kasaya diachronicaly. Buddha establishes himself the rules of weaving, coloring and wearing Kasaya. Bunso costume(분소의)is the first shape of Kasaya that he has worn during his ascetic practice. Bunso costume was a kind of shari. It is made with diapers those clean ordure of baby It symbolizes the life of ascetic practice. However Buddha could not stick to it as the only costume of monks. From his age Buddhist devotees have thought Buddha and monks as sacred beings. So they eagerly want to Provide the sacred beings with foods. clothes and other things that samgha(승가) need to live and accomplish their duties. At that time there are many kings, aristocracies and rich merchants among the devotees. They often offered them the luxurious silk Kasaya. that the ascetic monks could not wear. to express their deep faith. So the rules of the samgha has been distorted. The samgha has enlarged day by day as a great huge religious association. There are many different shapes of Kasaya. The Buddhist samgha need to establish a minute and rigid rules of Kasaya to order living of monks and to teach the moral and educational life to ordinary people. That book of rule is Vinaya pitaka(율장) . There are many kinds of Vinaya pitaka. This paper surveys the rules of Kasaya from Southern Vinaya pitaka(남전율장). This study will be the basic ground to research the Korean Buddhist Kasaya.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2021

Background: As the importance of the esthetic function of teeth increases, the use of esthetic restoration materials and whitening treatment are increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change of esthetic restoration materials upon using staining and whitening toothpaste. Methods: Light curing (LC) packable composite resin, LC flowable resin, LC glass ionomer (GI), and self-curing GI specimens were colored in coffee or curry for three hours a day for seven days. After that, regular toothpaste, whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide, and whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal were applied for three minutes three times a day for two weeks. Luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), and chromaticity b (b) were measured using a spectrophotometer once a week. Results: In the coffee-colored group, the change in L^2*a^2*b² (E²) with time was significant (p=0.004), there was no difference for different toothpaste types (p=0.646), and there was significant difference (p<0.001) for different esthetic restorative materials. The change of E² in the curry-colored group was significant only for different esthetic restorative materials (p<0.001). In the coffee-colored group, the L, a, and b values of the light-curing GI showed greater change than other materials after staining and one week after whitening, turning dark, red, and yellow. In the curry-colored group, L did not differ for different materials and times, and a and b showed the greatest difference in light-curing GI after staining and one and two weeks after whitening. Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste for two weeks was not different from the use of general toothpaste in the removal of staining or whitening. Since light-curing GI is the most vulnerable to coloration, it is recommended that coloring by food chromogen should be explained in advance, before using light-curing GI for teeth restoration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2019

For this study, specimens were prepared using five types of composite resin and resin-reinforced glass ionomer Fuji II LC, and 29 days precipitation was done in four kinds of solution, which were soy sauce, gochujang, wine, and distilled water. Ten specimens for each coloring sample were divided into two groups, one those surfaces was polyester film and the other with 1200-grit abrasive paper, and 20 specimens per materials. Color change (${\Delta}{\ast}ab$) in the colored specimens is measured in 2days, 7days, 14days and 29days using spectrophotometer (CM-2600d, Konica, Minolta, Ramsey, NJ). All values were considered significant when P<0.05. 1. Each material is discolored over time under the influence of different storage solutions. 2. In soy source, among the specimens polished with polyester film, color change was observed in resin-modified glass ionomer Fuji II LC, prodigy and compomer F-2000 on day 2. Meanwhile, Fuji II LC showed noticeable color change in specimens prepared with 1200-grit sandpaper on day 2, which was followed by flowable resin on day 7. 3. On day 2, there was a color change with the specimens of flowable resin, resin-modified glass ionomer Fuji II LC and Prodigy among the hybrid specimen in the groups of polyester film in gochujang.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Egg development and early life history of the Korean spine loach, Cobitis tetralineata, were investigated in the present study. Adult fish were sampled using spoon nets at the Seomjin River in Jeongsan-ri, Bokheong-myeon, Sunchang-gun, Jeollanbuk-do, Korea, July 2013. Eggs were obtained after injecting Ovarprim into females. Eggs were then artificially fertilized using the Dry method in the laboratory. Mature eggs were slightly adhesive and transparent with grey coloring, and measured $1.04{\pm}0.03mm$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) in diameter. Hatching of the embryo occurred approximately 56 hours after fertilization at $25^{\circ}C$ of water temperature, and the average size of newly hatched larvae was about $4.6{\pm}0.11mm$ in total length. At fifth day after hatching, the larval full length reached $6.8{\pm}0.28mm$ on average and their yolk sac had been completely absorbed. At 17th day after hatching, larva entered the juvenile stage and reached $9.8{\pm}0.50mm$ in total length. At 100th day after hatching, the formation of Gambetta's zone of four line was complete and juveniles were similar in general appearance to adults, and they averaged $34.7{\pm}5.77mm$ in total length.