• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

This study was carried out to identify the characteristics of 37 corn hybrids, which composed with 18 yellow colored kernel, 9 purple colored kernel, 8 white colored kernel. Days to silking of three colored waxy corn hybrids ranged from 61 to 73 days after sowing as midium-late ecotype. Ear length of hybrids ranged from 10.3 to 22.7 cm, and among them a total 22 waxy corn hybrids including CNU038 showed over 20 cm in ear length. The fresh weight per ear ranged from 58 to 289 g as the 32.9% of large coefficient of variance. In there results, we found yellow colored waxy corn hybrids showed relatively longer in ear length and heavier in fresh weight per ear compare to other colored waxy corn hybrids. In correlation relationships, plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear length and ear weight showed positive correlation between themselves, while tip filling ratio did negative correlation with silking stage, plant height, ear length, ear weight and kernel thickness. Also, 100 kernel weight did positive correlation between traits related to ear and kernel.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 1999

In order to get abundant germplasm for develop- ing new corn varieties, major morphological characteristics of ear were evaluated with a total of 210 Korean indigenous maize lines collected from various parts of Pusan City and Kyungnam Province, Korea. The ear shape of Korean indigenous maize was mainly cone type or similar to cone type. Cylinder type or similar to cylinder type of corn was collected from the north-west mountainous. region of Kyungnam Province, whereas cone type or similar to cone type was collected from the plain region. In the kernel colors of each ear, ears with mono colored kernels were 55.7% of the total, and ears with two to four mixed colors were 44.3%. Among the mono colored ears, brown was the most abundant at 16.8%. There was an average of 12∼14 rows per ear. Kernal rows per ear varied from 8∼20. Waxy corn was predominant at 67.2%, mixed corn with waxy kernel and common kernel at 11.0%, and common corn at 21.8%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2015

A total of CNU 28 colored hybrids developed at the Chungnam National University were evaluated to identify new cultivars with functionality. These color waxy corn hybrids appeared to have high antioxidant activity. The SOD activity in the developed color waxy corn was high; CNU13H-3, in white hybrid, and CNU13H-44, in yellow hybrid, was 5% and 27% higher than the Yeonnong and Daehakchal Gold 1 of control hybrids, respectively. The DPPH activity in CNU13H-44, of yellow hybrid, and CNU13H-75 of purple hybrid were high as 32.6 mg/g and 40.1 mg/g, respectively. We have already reported that color hybrids have high antioxidant activity. In this study also was same results. On the basis of our findings, these hybrids will be planted in next time to compare their productivity and area adaptation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.308-317
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ear and kernel characteristics of colored waxy corn hybrids during ripening according to different sowing dates. Heukjinjuchal and Eolrukchal 1 were sown at April 20 (first cropping) and July 20 (second cropping) in 2011~2012. The accumulated temperature from silking to harvesting was about $590{\sim}610^{\circ}C$. It takes 23~24 days when Heukjinjuchal and Eolrukchal 1 were sown in April 20, but July 20 sowing takes 32~35 days. Ear weight, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight and starch content of colored waxy corn were increased as ears matured (p<0.05). Growth temperature was getting decreased during the ripening stage of second cropping, the rate of ear and kernel development had slowed. Starch granules started to accumulate in the cells around the pericarp, then developed in the cells around the embryo. In the second cropping, starch granules in the kernel of colored waxy corn were less compact than the first cropping. The contents of total anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside were increased according to ripening (p<0.05). These results will be helpful to farmers for double cropping of colored waxy corn cultivation and management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.843-852
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• 2010

Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HADs) and anthocyanins in corn (Zea mays L.) have recently been reported to have anticarcinogenic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-melanogenic activities. Five HADs and anthocyanins in corn were quantified by HPLC according to cultivars and heat processes. In addition, major anthocyanin of a black waxy corn was isolated and identified by several instrumental analysis, and its content was also quantified by HPLC according to heat processes. Of the ten corn cultivars, five waxy corn cultivars had moderate five HADs contents except "Baksa" waxy corn with higher two free cinnamic acids (FCAs), p-coumaric and ferulic acids. In contrast, three dent corn cultivars contained higher levels of three polyamine conjugates (PCs), CFP, DCP and DFP, and especially "P3394" had the highest amount of the three PCs. Two sweet corn cultivars had generally intermediate HADs levels between waxy and dent corn cultivars. Of the three colored-waxy corns, a black Mibaek waxy corn had the highest anthocyanin content. During heat processes, levels of two FCAs in the black waxy corn generally increased, whereas no significant change on three PCs contents was observed except the puffing process. Roasting, retort and puffing processes significantly increased two FCAs and especially, the puffed black waxy corn had the highest amount of FCAs. Meanwhile, most heat treatments except retort process, considerably decreased total anthocyanin contents, and especially the puffed black waxy corn had nearly no anthocyanin. Level of one major anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) isolated from a black waxy corn was appreciably decreased by heat treatments except retort process, which greatly increased P3G content. These results suggest that the retorted black waxy corn may be a promising high quality functional corn product.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.424-431
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• 2013

Consumption of waxy corn is steadily increasing due to consumer preference for natural food. However, availability of waxy corn is limited because most of them are used for steamed waxy corn. It is therefore important to create new demands of waxy corn using food processing technology. There is little prior research about characteristics of milled kernel in waxy corn. This study examined the physicochemical and cooking properties of milled kernel using nine waxy corn hybrids. Colored hybrids (Heukjinju, Miheukchal, and Eolrukchal1) showed high milling yield and low change of grain length after milling process compared to other hybrids. The total starch content ranged from 62.1 to 68.4% and the gelatinization temperature of starch was lowest in Yeonnong1 ($69.9^{\circ}C$). The breakdown viscosity of Yeonnong1, Miheukchal and Heukjinju was higher than those of tested hybrids, whereas setback viscosity of those hybrids was lower. In cooking properties of milled waxy corn, water absorption and volume expansion rate were high in Yeonnong2 (84.9, 219.3%), Miheukchal (85.9, 211.4%), and Heukjinju (80.9, 203.7%). In the sensory test, the overall preference was significantly higher in Heukjinju and Miheukchal. Thus, Heukjinju, Yeonnong2, and Miheukchal showed good scores in milling yield, cooking properties, and the preference of sensory test. These results will provide fundamental information to extend milled waxy corns usage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate major agronomical characterization and phenol compound contents, Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (XO), Catalase activity, Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical sacvenging activity were analyzed in colored waxy corns. The mean of stem height and ear length were 248.8 cm and 18.6 cm, respectively. The pericarp thickness in CNU108 $(30.3{\mu}m)$ was thinner than other hybrids. The period of tasseling days in CNU69 and CNU202 were very shorter than other hybrids (59 days). 100-kernel weight of CNU50 was 35.6 g and heavier than the others. The antioxidant activities such as xanthin oxidase (XO), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in CNU70 and CNUI 38. Especially highest EDA (electron donating ability) in DPPH radical scavenging effect was 94.8% and 94.6% in CNU160 and CNU193, respectively. In the results, the antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant acticity were higher in CNU109 and CNU 34 hybrids. The hybrids, CNU34, CNU70, CNU108, CNU 138 and CNU193 may be considered higher functional color waxy corn.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-134
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• 2007

This study was carried out to identity the major characteristics of inbred lines and to develop early waxy colored hybrid at the Maize Genetics and Breeding Lab. in Chungnam National University. The eight colored waxy maize were planted on April 27, 2007 under Randomized Completely Block (RCB) Design with three replications. Stem height of IK1/H26-2 and Heunchal lines in this experiment were high as 196cm and 186cm compared to control as 156cm, respectively, while ear height of Local-2 and IK/LE were lower than that of check and ear diameter of IK/H26-1, IK/H26-2 and Local-2 were 10.3mm, 17.7mm and 18mm compared to control (21mm), respectively. Days to tasseling of Local-1, Local-2, and IK/LE lines were earlier than check. As a result of this experiment, the developed inbred lines were regard as useful germplasm for early hybrid development.