• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

The purchasing estimate price of diamond is affected by the factors of carat, color, clarity, certificate, cut and price with the unit of $/carat. The object of this study is to obtain the linear regression model for such purchasing estimate price and to test statistically. The optimum model is the simple regression model of $^y{\;}:{\;}10^2{\;}/{\;}(-1.5575{\;}+{\;}0.3099{\;}logx){\;}+{\;}{\varepsilon}$ statistically satisfied by the lack of fit test and has the characteristics of normality, constant variance and symmetry.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.6 s.208
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

Advertising is the most powerful marketing communication tool. Fashion magazines are a popular media for fashion advertising because of their multi-color visual printing. In this study, the interest in and attitude toward fashion advertising were investigated with high school girls in Seoul, along with their interrelation with buying experience and post-purchase satisfaction. The consciousness of the endorser and the fashion of celebrities both increased with rising interest in fashion advertisement. However, the brand orientation showed no relationship with the interest in fashion advertisement. The interest in fashion advertisement was useful to explain buying experience with limited variance. The correlation between brand orientation and buying experience increased with rising interest in fashion advertisement, indicating that those with little interest in fashion advertisement showed strong dependence on brand loyalty. Those with more interest in fashion advertisement counted distinctive aspects of fashion advertisement more seriously. Affective aspects of fashion advertisement showed a correlation with buying experience and post-purchase satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 1998

Taxonomic studies in external morphology, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to understand the intraspecific relationship among three habitats (Jirisan, Odaesan and Ulleungdo) of allium voctorialis var. platyphyllum. External morphology such as bulb color, leaf blade length and width, petiole length, total leaf length, peduncle length, perianth lobe length and width, length of anther and filament were useful characters for identification of poplations in three habitats. The results obtained based on the principal component (Pc) analysis of treated 72 OTUs(included outgroup) were divided into three groups by the PC 1 ,2,3 and the sums of contributions for the total variance were 84.1%(PC1 51.0%, PC2 24.9% and PC3 8.2%, respectively). In cluster analysis by the UPGMA and Ward's methods , there was similarities in the compostion of clustered taxa, and only Ulleungdo population was distinctly identified from population of other two habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.181-195
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of body exposure and color of a woman's suit on the perception of modesty, and 2) the effect of perceiver's sex and age on impression formed by the function of clothing variables. The instrument of this study consisted of a response scale and stimuli. Thirteen items of 7-point semantic differential scales were developed to measure the perceiver's impression on wearer's modesty. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing one of 8 types of suit constructed by a 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design. The manipulation of each level of the clothing variables were: color of the suit by black and red, leg exposure by varying skirt lengths to a Chanel-line and mini skirt, and neck exposure by shirt collar blouse and scarf. Two models, representing typical female college students living in Seoul, were selected to eliminate model effect. The sample include 384 subjects, consisting of 4 groups of male and female college students and middle aged men and women. Eight experimental groups were randomly assigned to one of eight stimuli based on between-subject design. One half of each group responded to model 1 and the other half to model 2 of same stimulus. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed (pc model, Varimax rotation) to identify factors constructing impression of modesty. Two factors emerged regard­less of subgroups; Elegance and Extroversion factor. The first factor was found to be dominant, accounting for 60 percent of the total variance. The other accounted for just 11 percent. Multidimensional ANOVA (5-way, 3-way) was conducted to test the effect of the clothing variables against two factors identified from the factor analysis. Leg exposure was the most powerful variable affecting the impression of Elegance and Extroversion factor for all per. ceiver subgroups. Neck exposure had primary effect on the impression of Elegance, whereas it partially influenced that of Extroversion. Color of suit had only partial effect on the impression of Extroversion. Hypothesis I was partially supported from the findings above. The effect of perceiver's age and sex on impression by the function of clothing variables was tested by comparing the result between four subgroups. In forming an impression of the wearer's modesty, male college students were least affected by the manipulation of clothing variables, while middle aged males were affected most. In the female groups, there was no age difference and they fell between the male groups in the degree to which they were affected. Hypothesis II was supported only by age difference in two male groups, and by sex difference in two student groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.542-549
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in the surface roughness after polishing and to evaluate the difference in color stability after immersion in a dye solution among four types of composite resin materials. Four light-polymerized composite resins(Shade A2) with different sized filler content(a nanofilled, a hybrid, a microfilled, a flowble) were used. Average surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a surface roughness tester (Surftest Formtracer) before and after polishing with aluminum oxide abrasive discs(Super-Snap). Color of specimens before and after staining with 2% methylene blue solution were measured using spectrophotometer(CM-3700d) with SCI geometries. The results of Ra and ${\Delta}E$ were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), a Scheffe multiple comparison test and Student t-test(p=0.05). After polishing, Ra values were decreased regardless of type of composite resins. In surface roughness after polishing and color stability after staining, nanofilled composite resin was not different with other composite resins except flowable resins.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim was to evaluate the effect of four acidic beverages on the roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE_ab) of two brands of artificial teeth and a heat-polymerized acrylic resin (HPAR) for use in a prosthetic base. MATERIALS AND METHODS. All materials were divided into 5 groups, according to the used acidic beverage (artificial saliva - control, red wine, orange juice, coke-based, and lemon juice-based soft drink). The immersion process was divided into two stages: T1 - immersion in the acidic solutions for 10 minutes for 14 days; T2 - after T1, the samples were immersed in grape juice for 14 days. The Ra of the samples was evaluated in a rugosimeter and the ΔE_ab in a spectrophotometer, before and after the immersions. The analysis of variance of one (ΔE_ab) and two factors (Ra) and Tukey were performed (α=.05). RESULTS. There was a statistical difference for roughness after immersion (T1) for Trilux and Tritone teeth, regardless of the acid solution. For Trilux teeth, all acid solutions increased Ra (P<.05). For Tritone teeth, only the coke-based soft drink did not statistically change Ra. Grape juice (T2) altered Ra only of artificial teeth (P<.05). The color was changed for all materials, after T1 and T2. CONCLUSION. In general, the acidic solutions changed the Ra and ΔE_ab of HPAR and artificial teeth after T1. The grape juice altered the roughness only of the artificial teeth, promoting a clinically acceptable color change in the materials.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an adult images detection algorithm using a mean intensity filter and an improved 2D Hough Transform. This paper is composed of three major steps including a training step, a recognition step, and a verification step. The training step generates a mean nipple variance filter that will be used for detecting nipple candidate regions in the recognition step. To make the mean variance filter, we converts an input color image into a gray scale image and normalize it, and make an average intensity filter for nipple areas. The recognition step first extracts edge images and finds connected components, and decides nipple candidate regions by considering the ratio of width and height of a connected component. It then decides final nipple candidates by calculating the similarity between the learned nipple average intensity filter and the nipple candidate areas. Also, it detects breast lines of an input image through the improved 2D Hough transform. The verification step detects breast areas and identifies adult images by considering the relations between nipple candidate regions and locations of breast lines.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.403-411
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• 2013

Horizontal construction projects such as oil and gas pipeline projects typically involve repetitive-work activities with the same crew and equipment from one end of the project to the other. Repetitive scheduling also known as linear scheduling is known to have superior schedule management capabilities specifically for such horizontal construction projects. This study discusses on expanding the capabilities of repetitive scheduling to account for the variance in production rates and visual representation by developing an automated alignment based linear scheduling program for applying temporal and spatial changes in production rates. The study outlines a framework to apply changes in productions rates when and where they will occur along the horizontal alignment of the project and illustrates the complexity of construction through the time-location chart through a new linear scheduling model, Linear Scheduling Model with Varying Production Rates (LSM_VPR). The program uses empirically derived production rate equations with appropriate variables as an input at the appropriate time and location based on actual 750 mile natural gas liquids pipeline project starting in Wyoming and terminating in the center of Kansas. The study showed that the changes in production rates due to time and location resulted in a close approximation of the actual progress of work as compared to the planned progress and can be modeled for use in predicting future linear construction projects. LSM_VPR allows the scheduler to develop schedule durations based on minimal project information. The model also allows the scheduler to analyze the impact of various routes or start dates for construction and the corresponding impact on the schedule. In addition, the graphical format lets the construction team to visualize the obstacles in the project when and where they occur due to a new feature called the Activity Performance Index (API). This index is used to shade the linear scheduling chart by time and location with the variation in color indicating the variance in predicted production rate from the desired production rate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

The sensory characteristics of eight commercial ready-to-drink (RTD) cold brew coffees were compared by descriptive analysis. The cold brew coffee samples were analyzed for hunter color values, brown color, turbidity, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total phenolic content, and chlorogenic acid content. Three appearances, nine aroma, five flavor/taste, and four texture/mouth-feel related sensory attributes were evaluated by a panel of nine judges. The results of three-way analysis of variance of descriptive data showed that all sensory attributes except "fruit" aroma, "dark chocolate" aroma, "bitter" aroma, and "sweet" taste had significant differences among the samples (p<0.05). Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of the descriptive data, the samples were primarily separated by first and second principal components, which accounted for 81.78% of the total variance among the samples with high intensities of "nutty aroma", "grain aroma", and "grain taste" versus "earth aroma", "sour aroma", "sour taste", "astringent", "smoothness", and "residual". In the correlation analysis of sensory terms and physicochemical parameters, titratable acidity and soluble solids showed significant positive correlations with earth aroma and smoothness characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.176-182
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• 2018

One of the most important factor of esthetic prosthesis is the color of the teeth. Zirconia is produced in the process of design, milling, coloring, drying, and sintering. The effect of the drying degree of zirconia colorant on the color tone is examined. For the experiment, a total of 45 zirconia specimens(15 for each) were fabricated by using cad/cam system. The zirconia specimens(L block(LAZOR), Z block(Zircos-E block posterior), A block(AlphaZ)) were then subjected to zirconia sintering in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using a chemical coloring agent to Non-drying(0sec), intermediate (10sec), and completely dried (10min) temperature holding times. The color tone was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed with a One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post-hoc test (${\alpha}=.05$) The $L^*$ values of L, A specimens, $a^*$ values of A specimens, and $b^*$ values of Z specimens were not statistically different according to the degree of drying (p>0.05), While the $L^*$ value of Z specimen, $a^*$ value of L, Z specimen, $b^*$ values of L, A specimens were statistically different according to the degree of drying(p <0.05). In conclusion, the drying of zirconia colourants improves zirconia brightness and increases the optical properties of the enamel.