• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.346-359
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine students' reasons and standards for purchasing their casual upper garments through online shoppin. A questionnaire composed of 26 items in five-point Likert type (14 items for measuring reasons, and 12 items for measuring standards for their purchase) was administered. The subjects were 422 male and female students attending middle schools, high schools and colleges located in the metropolitan region of Daegu. For a statistical analysis, a $3{\times}2$ two way ANOVA design (3 levels of schools: middle school, high school and college and 2 sexes: male and female) was involved, and Turkey's HFD multiple comparisons were made. The results showed that the reasons for students' purchasing casual upper garments through online shopping malls were as follows: quality, availability of discount coupons and points, other benefits such as special promotions, gifts, the easy return of goods and refunds, and also no trial of wearing shirts even at off-line stores. Significant differences in purchasing reasons through online shopping were found among middle schoo, high school and college students. There were also significant differences between male and female students mostly found in three variations of purchasing reasons: ease of availability of garments in contemporary fashion, convenient shopping without any restriction on time, and the decision to purchase with help from consumers' recommendations. Significant differences among middle school, high school and college students were found in the following standards for the students' decision to purchase their casual upper garments through online shopping: affordability, color, design, style, payment safety, and ease of maintenance (cleaning and ironing). Differences between male and female students were found to be significant in the following categories: affordability, fashionable, brand name, free delivery, product quality, coordination with other clothes, and consumers' recommendations on the products concerned.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2003

This research is to provide practical help in learning hair and makeup illustration skills by presenting techniques for hair and makeup drawing; to serve efficient illustration education; and to enhance the status of beauty and contribute to artistic development. Hair style and makeup techniques include graphical one, pattern-centered one, one using pattern paper, simplifying one and mood one expressing image. Of them, this research made the illustrations to use cosmetics, color pencils and pastel based on the graphical technique. for each design of the illustrations, ethnic, sexy, natural, romantic and gorgeous images, which were considered to be appropriate to the graphical technique, were chosen by the researcher out of hair and makeup styles that appeared in the fashion magazines including Vogue, Gap, Mode et Mode from 2000 through 2001. In particular, they were chosen with focusing on basic styles. The summaries below were found with the experience of making illustrations. Various techniques and skills are required to express the ideas of hair and makeup styles. Of them, the graphical technique is very useful as the primary step to learn various techniques and improve drawing skills. First, the graphical technique may enable not only expressing what is desired to draw as is, but also accurately representing hair and makeup designs so as to convey objective expression. In this regard, it is a proper way to achieve its inherent purpose as conveyance of messages. Second, more accurate styling of hair and makeup is available through graphical expression, which helps understand related practical techniques. In addition, makeup illustration, which is expressed through direct makeup products and instruments, may serve skill improvement since such direct use provides the feeling of real makeup. Third, the graphical technique as a basic drawing skill may unrestrictedly show the artist's expression ability. Fourth, although artistic merits implying individuality and creativity should be shared through illustrations that express the artist's ideas or emotions, the graphical technique is the easiest method to beginners who just started learning of illustration, in that it enables expression without highly advanced skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate demographic profiles between the consumer group under high time pressure(HTP) and the group under low time pressure(LTP) during the shopping, to examine the level of association between the fashion information sources and time pressure variable, to determine the difference in clothing benefits sought between HTP and LTP, and to determine the difference in purchase criteria. We distributed questionnaires to 600 women aged in 20-65. The reliable 562 questionnaires were used for a statistical analysis. Data analyses were conducted with SPSS program on t-test, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and Chi square test. We obtained the following results: There was a significant association between demographic variables such as age, occupation, education, residence area, & family cycle and time pressure variable. Fashion information sources were classified into 4 factors. HTP searched information on fashion products using more various sources than LTP did. There was also a significant difference between HTP and LTP in clothing benefit sought. Four clothing benefit factors such as trendy/social position, economic value, protection/comfort, and makeup of body shape were sought more by HTP than by LTP. In addition, HTP considered significantly more purchase criteria such as color/pattern, comfort, quality, suitability, material, sewing finishing, coordination, price, brand, easy care, and country of origin than LTP.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.50-56
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• 2009

Internet is being used for several activities by a great range of users. These activities include communication, e-commerce, education, and entertainment. Users are required to register regarding website in order to enroll web activities. However, registration can be done by automated hacking software. That software make false enrollments which occupy the resources of the website by reducing the performance and efficiency of servers, even stop the entire web service. It is crucial for the websites to have a system which has the capability of differing human users and computer programs in reading images of text. Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Human Apart (CAPTCHA) is such a defense system against Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. OCR can be defined as software which work for defeating CAPTCHA images and make countless number of registrations on the websites. This study proposes a new CAPTCHA context that is Korean CAPTCHA by means of the method which is splitting CAPTCHA images into several parts with random rotation values, and drawing random lines on a grid background by using Korean characters only. Lines are in the same color with the CAPTCHA text and they provide a distortion of image with grid background. Experimental results show that Korean CAPTCHA is a more secure and effective CAPTCHA type for Korean users rather than current CAPTCHA types due to the structure of Korean letters and the algorithm we are using: rotation and splitting. In this paper, the algorithm of our method is introduced in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.378-392
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pre-service chemistry teachers' cognition of the nature of model in process of designing and developing models using technology. For this purpose, 19 pre-service chemistry teachers' in the 3rd grade of a education college located in the central region observe experimental phenomena related to Boyle's law presented in the 7th grade science textbook and researchers required the design and development of a model related to the observed experimental results using technology. Based on previous studies, the nature of model were classified into two aspect: 'Representational aspect' and 'Explanatory aspect'. The 'Representational aspect' was classified into 'Representation', 'Abstraction', and 'Simplification', and the 'Explanatory aspect' was classified into 'Analysis', 'Interpretation', 'Reasoning', 'Explanation', and 'Quantification'. The pre-service chemistry teachers' cognition were analyzed by the classification. As a result of the study, the 'Representation' of the 'expressive aspect' was uniformized in the form of space that changes in volume, and the pressure was expressed as the Brightness inside the cylinder or frequency of color change of particles for 'Abstraction'. In the case of 'Simplification', the particle collision was expressed as a perfectly elastic collision, but there was a group that could not simply indicate the type of particle. In the 'Explanatory aspect', in the case of 'Analysis', volume was classified as a manipulated variable, and in the case of 'Interpretation', most groups analyzed the change in pressure through the collision of gas particles. However, the cognition involved in 'Reasoning' was not observed much. In the case of 'Explanation', there were groups that did not succeed in explanation because the area where the particles collided was not set or incorrectly set, and in the case of 'Quantification', there was a group that formulated the number of collisions per unit time, and on the contrary, there was a group that could not quantify the number of collisions because they could not be expressed in numbers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.491-501
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• 2016

As the population of silver generation is increased, there are emerged the aging society and the silver industry as social issues. Previous studies in the fields of library & information science, education, the industrial art science suggested the need for fairy tale books for the silver generation, and from the design perspective, the characteristics of fairy tale books for the silver generation were analyzed. A fairy tale book is not only a medium delivering some information, but also a platform that a writer provides services to readers. Therefore, the purpose of this study aimed to suggest the importance of sensual experience on the design of fairy book for the silver generation, and to analyze such kind of fairy book's format, grid, typography, type, edition structure, image, layout, cover, paper, printing and production on the basis of five senses. According to the findings of this study, it was found that fairy tale books for the silver generation had different characteristics(type, picture, color, paper, etc.) from those for children, and it would be desirable to make designs for fairy tale books for the silver generation under the silver generation's esthetics standards with considering the silver generation's physiological, psychological factors. It is expected that this study would become a good foundation for more intensive researches for fairy tale books for the silver generation in future and would also be theoretically helpful in developing fairy tale books for the silver generation in future.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.161-175
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• 2011

We examine the dependence of the morphology of spiral galaxies on the environment using the KIAS Value Added Galaxy Catalog (VAGC) which is derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7. Our goal is to understand whether the local environment or global conditions dominate in determining the morphology of spiral galaxies. For the analysis, we conduct a morphological classification of galaxies in 20 X-ray selected Abell clusters up to z~0.06, using SDSS color images and the X-ray data from the Northern ROSAT All-Sky (NORAS) catalog. We analyze the distribution of arm classes along the clustercentric radius as well as that of Hubble types. To segregate the effect of local environment from the global environment, we compare the morphological distribution of galaxies in two X-lay luminosity groups, the low-$L_x$ clusters ($L_x$ < $0.15{\times}10^{44}$erg/s) and high-$L_x$ clusters ($L_x$ > $1.8{\times}10^{44}$erg/s). We find that the morphology-clustercentric relation prevails in the cluster environment although there is a brake near the cluster virial radius. The grand design arms comprise about 40% of the cluster spiral galaxies with a weak morphology-clustercentric radius relation for the arm classes, in the sense that flocculent galaxies tend to increase outward, regardless of the X-ray luminosity. From the cumulative radial distribution of cluster galaxies, we found that the low-$L_x$ clusters are fully virialized while the high-$L_x$ clusters are not.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-126
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate clothing behavior and ornaments wear of university students. The subject of this study consists of 241 college students who were attended in Kongju National University. SPSSWIN Program was utilized to calculated frequency(N), mean value(M) and standard deviation(SD) for statistical analysis. Differences among the populations were examined through T-test, F-test, $x^2$-test. The results of this study were as follow : 1. Clothing behavior of university students had significant difference according to sex, grade. In general, female students showed higher score than did male students in clothing interest, clothing conformity, self-estimation about clothing, clothing dependence, clothing aesthetic, clothing modesty, A first-year students had high tendency in clothing interest. 2. The wear of ornaments had significant difference according to variables. Buying the ornaments, most of students sot information in show window and emphasized on design. Male students wanted to have the ornaments of shoes, watch, hat & necklet, but female students wanted to have the ornaments of shoes, earring, necklet & hairpin. 3. Clothing behavior has Influenced university students' ornaments wear. The university students who appeared to be interested in clothes were apparently influenced by peers when selecting ornaments. Ornaments were usually bought in the department store, while belts were among the most popular choices. Students who stressed color when purchasing ornaments showed a high level of interest in and dependence on clothes. On the basic of these results, we can conclude that university students' taste in clothing behavior and use of ornaments wear depend on several different factors. Therefore, it is possible to outline the shift in clothing attitudes during adolescence. In order to understand university students' behaviour concerning clothes, much guidance and various studies on the subject are much recommended.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.6 s.59
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• pp.1023-1036
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• 2005

The heightened consumers' interest in health and well-being gave rise to the needs for performance infants' wear, which are made with environmentally-friendly and healthy functional materials. This study intends to compare purchasers and non-purchasers of performance infants' wear in terms of their shopping behavior, shopper and infants' characteristics, and reasons for purchasing or not purchasing performance infants' wear. A total of 241 questionnaires were collected from women with infants less than 4 years old, who are living in the Seoul metropolitan area. Using SPSS 10.0, chi-square, paired t-test, and descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze the data. The results of the study were as follows: First, the purchasers of performance infants' wear shopped more often at department stores and were more likely to buy comparatively high-price products than non-purchasers. Second, for performance infants' wear, non-purchasers considered laundry/care methods and fiber contents more, while purchasers considered colors, design, price, and performance of the products less than for infants' wear in general. Third, in terms of demographic characteristics, significant differences were found for the number of children and the child's birth order. Fourth, the primary reason for buying performance infants' wear was 'health'. The primary reason for not buying was 'too high price' and 'lack of information'. The 'high price compared to its performance' and 'lack of color choice' were among the purchasers complaints about performance infants' wear.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.75-84
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• 2019

Recently, the value of video as an important data of medical information technology is increasing due to the feature of rich clinical information. On the other hand, video is also required to be de-identified as a medical image, but the existing methods are mainly specialized in the stereotyped data and still images, which makes it difficult to apply the existing methods to the video data. In this paper, we propose an automated system to index candidate elements of personal identification information on a frame basis to solve this problem. The proposed system performs indexing process using text and person detection after preprocessing by scene segmentation and color knowledge based method. The generated index information is provided as metadata according to the purpose of use. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, the indexing speed was measured using prototype implementation and real surgical video. As a result, the work speed was more than twice as fast as the playing time of the input video, and it was confirmed that the decision making was possible through the case of the production of surgical education contents.