• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2011

There are two methods in inspection diagnosis(望診), the viewing shape(觀形) and the inspecting color(察色). Acquiring proper analysis from viewing shape(觀形) requires several standards of shape that can be compared with. We can identify major defects and flaws of the shape from comparing it with the standards that is defined as very normal shape. Also, It can eventually provide us interpretation of health related meanings of the objective shapes. Those standards need symmetrical and proportional details. In this research, I put some physiognomy and inspection diagnosis related documents, and standards for restorative plastic surgery together to suggest standards on viewing shape diagnosis of nose which is one of the most important spot in facial inspection. It is expected to improve delicacy of Oriental medine's inspection diagnosis, as the result of the comparison between plastic surgery and inspection diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.641-644
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• 2001

멀티미디어 검색을 위한 MPEG-7 표준화 작업이 완료되어감에 따라, 멀티미디어 특징 기술자를 활용한 다양한 응용들이 나타나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 미키 마우스, 포켓 몬스터 또는 호돌이와 같은 지적 재산 정보인 동시에 고부가가치 대상인 캐릭터 이미지를 대상으로 하여, 캐릭터 이미지 특징을 분석하고, MPEG-7 에서 정의된 컬러 기술들간의 검색 효율을 비교하여, 캐릭터 이미지에 가장 적합한 기술자를 제안한다. 캐릭터 이미지는 자연 이미지와는 달리, 질감(Texture)이나 모양 (Shape)정보에 비해, 주로 컬러 정보에 의존하며,존재하는 컬러의 수가 3-6 개 범위 내에 주로 존재하고, 컬러의 분포가 고르며, 질감 성분이 많지 않은 특징을 갖고 있다. MPEG-7 에 정의된 Dominant Color, Scalable Color, Color Layout 및 Color Structure 4 종류의 기술자를 캐릭터 이미지 특징에 맞는 기술자를 유형별로 분류된 3,834개의 이미지 셋에 적용하여, 검색 성능 평가 지수인 ANMRR(Average Normalized Modified Retrieval Rank) 를 측정하여 가장 효율적인 기술자를 정의한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.223-235
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• 1998

The recognition of the esthetics as well as their function of the teeth in the dental field is growing. Evaluating the esthetics of a tooth concerns shape, texture, and color. And among these, color has been the most difficult element to make natural expression. Color is a very subjective element affected by many different factor like light source, object, observer. Numerous efforts to quantifying color has been made. Currently the use of colorimeter and spectrophotometercolor that the color measuring device has been suggested. In this study, the normal range of the tooth color in canines, lateral incisors and central incisors for Koreans was evaluated with a modified spectrophotometer for intraoral use. The color differences in terms of teeth positions, age and area within the tooth was evaluated and comparatively analyzed. Results were as follow ; 1. In all age groups, the central incisors are most bright and least yellowish opposit to the canines are most dark and yellowish. The central incisors and lateral incisors showed the similar color patterns. 2. In the comparison between gender, it showed that in the 10' s group male have more yellowish, the 20's female have lighter and more redness, the 30's indicated more redness in female and in the 40's the lightness is more in female. 3. With aging, there was no significant change in $L^*$ and $a^*$ coordinates but a shift was in $b^*$ to yellowish in the 30' sand 40's in central incisors. Lateral incisors and canines showed a lighter and more yellowish tooth color with an irregular change of color coordinate in $a^*$. 4. In all teeth the middle and cervical portion showed close correlation with over 0.7(0.05>p) but color ($a^*$, $b^*$) showed higher correlation than lightness($L^*$). 5. It has been shown that through the regression test the cervical color could be calculated by the middle color value.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2019

Buckwheat is well-known crop for containing a high contents of flavonoids that are effective in vascular disease. The current study was performed to estimate the influence of morphological characterization of Fagopyrum esculentum (ES) germplasm for seed's two major flavonoids contents: rutin and quercetin. We found that the red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaf shape, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color, and egg-shaped seed were significantly associated with 77%, 56.7%, 83.7%, 98.7%, 70.8% and 74.5% germplasm, respectively. Overall, the rutin contents of ES germplasm ranged from 0.30 to 47.86 mg/100g dry weight (DW) and the quercetin contents ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. The rutin contents of germplasm possessing red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaves, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed ranged from 7.22 to 47.86 mg/100g DW. However, the quercetin contents of germplasm with red stem color and pale brown seed coat color ranged from 0 to 1.15 mg/100g DW, with pale green leaves ranged from 0 to 0.96 mg/100g, with arrowhead leaves and white flower ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g and with egg-shaped seed ranged from 0.32 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. In PCA analysis, the first three principal components (PCs) showed Eigen value more than 1 and accounted for 51.70% of variation. For both higher contents of rutin and quercetin, the morphological evaluation in ES shows a tendency of red stem color, arrowhead leaves, pale green leaf color, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed. From this information, we can assume the rutin and quercetin contents by the morphological characteristics of the germplasm. And It could be useful in improving the rutin and quercetin contents and selecting proper resources for cultivation in existing buckwheat cultivars.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2004

In the field of content-based image retrieval, many numerical features have been proposed for representing visual image content such as color, torture, and shape. Because the features are assumed to be independent, each of them is extracted without ny consideration of the others. In this paper, we consider the relationship between color and texture and propose a new feature called CCE(channel color energy). Simulation results with natural images show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional regular weighted comparison method and SCFT(sequential chromatic Fourier transform)-based color torture method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2010

A new correction method is required for the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), which is the world's first ocean color observing sensor in geostationary orbit. In this paper we introduce a new method of atmospheric and the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function(BRDF) correction for GOCI. The Spectral Shape Matching Method(SSMM) and the Sun Glint Correction Algorithm(SGCA) were developed for atmospheric correction, and BRDF correction was improved using Inherent Optical Property(IOP) data. Each method was applied to the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor(SeaWiFS) images obtained in the Korean sea area. More accurate estimates of chlorophyll concentrations could be possible in the turbid coastal waters as well as areas severely affected by aerosols.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.363-366
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• 2000

이미지의 한가지 특징(feature)만을 고려한 내용 기반 이미지 검색(content-based image retrieval)은 두가지 이상의 특징 정보를 사용했을 경우와 비교하여 정확도(precision)가 떨어져 성능을 저하시킬 수 있다 따라서 대부분의 검색 시스템에서는 색상(color)이나 형태(shape), 질감(texture) 등과 같은 이미지의 다양한 특징들을 결합하여 검색에 이용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이미지의 색상 및 형태 정보를 이용하여 사용자의 질의와 유사한 이미지를 제공하고, 고 차원화된 이미지의 특징들을 클러스터링(clustering) 방법을 이용하여 빠르게 검색할 수 있도록 하였으며, 또한 검색시 그룹 경계 보정 방법을 이용하여 전체 검색을 하지 않고도 전체검색 결과와 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 실험에 사용된 데이터는 2022개의 자연 영상이였으며, HSI 색상 정보와 이미지의 에지(edge) 정보를 특징 벡터로 삼았다. 실험 결과, 색상 정보 하나만을 사용한 경우보다 정확도와 재현율면에서 사용자가 원하는 이미지와 보다 유사한 결과를 검출할 수 있었을 뿐만 아니라 클러스터링을 사용함으로써 보다 빠르고, 전체검색 결과와 동일한 검색이 가능하다는 것을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2002

In this paper, a novel approach that makes use of both shape and color information to retrieve character images in terms of similarity distance from a large-capacity image database or from a streaming image database, in particular, character image logo or trademark. In order to combine both features of completely different characteristics bipartite matching has been employed in computing similarity distance, The proposed method turned out to bealso very effective in matching natural object or human-drawn images whose shape varies substantially.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.753-767
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• 2020

The commercial value of strawberries is affected by various factors such as their shape, size and color. Among them, size determined by weight is one of the main factors determining the quality grade of strawberries. In this study, image technology was developed to predict the weight of strawberries using the shape characteristics of strawberry cultivars. For realtime weight measurements of strawberries in transport, an image measurement system was developed for weight prediction with a charge coupled device (CCD) color camera and a conveyor belt. A strawberry weight prediction algorithm was developed for three cultivars, Maehyang, Sulhyang, and Ssanta, using the number of pixels in the pulp portion that measured the strawberry weight. The discrimination accuracy (R2) of the weight prediction models of the Maeyang, Sulhyang and Santa cultivars was 0.9531, 0.951 and 0.9432, respectively. The discriminative accuracy (R2) and measurement error (RMSE) of the integrated weight prediction model of the three cultivars were 0.958 and 1.454 g, respectively. These results show that the 2D imaging technology considering the shape characteristics of strawberries has the potential to predict the weight of strawberries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.595-603
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• 2019

This paper provides data for product development and improvement of grape varieties by analyzing the satisfaction-importance of the grape selection attributes from a consumer's perspective. A survey was conducted on consumers aged 19-59 living in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon on their fruit consumption level, preferences according to the grape quality characteristics, importance, and satisfaction with the grape selection attributes. Three hundred and eighty two valid samples were collected and analyzed statistically using SPSS 23. In the preference according to the grape quality characteristics, consumers tended to prefer a sweet taste, black color, and seedless grapes. Regarding the importance of the grape selection attributes according to the level of grape consumption, the high consumption group considers texture, size, shape, color, ease of removing seeds, country of origin, area of production, certification, and brand to be more important. In satisfaction, the high consumption group rated satisfaction highly in texture, odor, size, shape, color, ease of removing peelings, ease of removing seeds, price, country of origin, area of production, certification, and brand. An analysis of the IPA of the grape selection attributes showed that improvement of price and shape attributes will be prioritized, and the development and management of properties, such as seeds, peelings, certification, and brand will be required. These results can be used to help improve the grape varieties and develop products that meet the consumer needs, secure the competitiveness of grape farmers, and revitalize the local economy.