• 제목/요약/키워드: collision accident

검색결과 467건 처리시간 0.031초

1개 종합병원 환자의 낙상에 관한 조사 (A Study on Fall Accident)

  • 이현숙;김매자
    • 대한간호
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.45-62
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    • 1998
  • The study was conducted from November 1995 to May 1996 at the one general hospital in Seoul. The total subjects of this study were 412 patients who have the experience of fall accident, among them 31 was who have fallen during hospitalization and 381 was who visited emergency room and out patient clinic. The purposes of this study were to determine the characteristics, risk factors and results of fall accident and to suggest the nursing strategies for prevention of fall. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records and interviewing with the fallers and their family members. For data analysis, spss/pc+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, adjusted standardized $X^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Total subjects were 412 fallers, of which 245(59.5%) were men and 167(40.5%) were women. Age were 0-14 years 79(19.2%), 15-44 years 125(30.4%), 45-64 years 104(25.2%), over 65 years 104(25.2%). 2) There was significant association between age and the sexes ($X^2$=39.17, P=0.00). 3) There was significant association between age and history of falls ($X^2$=44.41. P= .00). And history of falls in the elderly was significantly associated with falls. 4) There was significant association with age and medical diagnosis ($X^2$=140.66, P= .00), chief medical diagnosis were hypertension(34), diabetis mellitus(22), arthritis(11), stroke(8), fracture(7), pulmonary tuberculosis(6), dementia(5) and cataract(5), 5) There was significant association between age and intrinsic factors: cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, insomnia, emotional problems, urinary difficulty, visual impairments, hearing impairments, use of drugs (sedatives , antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants) (P < 0.05). But there was no significant association between age and dizziness ($X^2$=2.87, P=.41). 6) 15.3% of total fallers were drunken state when they were fallen. 7) Environmental factors of fall accident were unusual posture (50.9%), slips(35.2%), trips (9.5%) and collision(4.4%). 8) Most of falls occurred during the day time, peak frequencies of falls occurred from 1pm to 6pm and 7am to 12am. 9) The places of fall accident were roads(22.6%), house-stairs 06.7%), rooms, floors, kitchen (11.2%), the roof-top, veranda, windows(10.9%), hospital(7.5%), ice or snowy ways(5.8%), bathroom(4.9%), playground, park(4.9%), subway-stairs(4.4%) and public-bathrooms (2.2%). 10) Activities at the time of fall accident were walking(37.6%), turning around or reaching for something(20.9%), going up or down stairs09.2%), exereise, working07.4%), up or down from a bed(2.7%), using wheelchair or walking aids, standing up or down from a chair(2.2%) and standing still(2.2%). 11) Anatomical locations of injuries by falls were head, face, neck(31.3%), lower extremities (29.9%). upper extremities(20.6%), spine, thorax, abdomen or pelvic contents(l1.4%) and unspecified(2.9%). 12) Types of injures were fracture(47.6%), bruises03.8%), laceration (13.3%), sprains(9.0%), headache(6.6%), abrasions(2.9%), intracranial hemorrage(2.4%) and burns(0.5%). 13) 41.5% of the fallers were hospitalized and average of hospitalization was 22.3 days. 14) The six fallers(1.46%) died from fall injuries. The two fallers died from intracranial hemorrage and the four fallers died of secondary infection; pneumonia(2), sepsis(1) and cell lulitis(1). It is suggested that 1) Further study is needed with larger sample size to identify the fall risk factors. 2) After the fall accident, comprehensive nursing care and regular physical exercise should be emphasized for the elderly person. 3) Safety education and safety facilities of the public place and home is necessary for fall prevention.

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RF-CBTC 신호방식에서 Fall-Back 시스템 구축방안 (A study of performing Fall-Back operation in RF-CBTC signalling system)

  • 전재훈;강덕원;이종성
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.145-153
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    • 2011
  • In the system necessary for safety such as the train control system, to make train control information be sent correctly is very important to enable organic movement between trains. In the case of the system such as RF-CBTC (Radio Frequency Communication Based Train Control) the control related information is sent through wireless transmission between on-board system of a train and wayside transmitter. The wayside transmitter collects the running information such as location, velocity from the on-board system and operates the optimizing control by sending the control information such as the target, limited velocity to the on-board system. But, when the communication disconnect or train failure, the critical hazard such as train collision or derailment may be possible because the RF-CBTC depends on the information through wireless communication. This paper discribes of performing Fall-Back system to detect train position in the case of rail break or communication failure to avoid train accident and allows train to be operated safely. It can be implemented with ATP function through track circuits using active-type transformers and axle counters, and allows train to be operated manually in emergency status.

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Ship Detection Using Edge-Based Segmentation and Histogram of Oriented Gradient with Ship Size Ratio

  • Eum, Hyukmin;Bae, Jaeyun;Yoon, Changyong;Kim, Euntai
    • International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.251-259
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, a ship detection method is proposed; this method uses edge-based segmentation and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) with the ship size ratio. The proposed method can prevent a marine collision accident by detecting ships at close range. Furthermore, unlike radar, the method can detect ships that have small size and absorb radio waves because it involves the use of a vision-based system. This system performs three operations. First, the foreground is separated from the background and candidates are detected using Sobel edge detection and morphological operations in the edge-based segmentation part. Second, features are extracted by employing HOG descriptors with the ship size ratio from the detected candidate. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) verifies whether the candidates are ships. The performance of these methods is demonstrated by comparing their results with the results of other segmentation methods using eight-fold cross validation for the experimental results.

풍압력하에서 피예항중인 손상선박의 침로안정성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Course Stability of Towed Damaged-ship under Wind Pressure)

  • 손경호;김용기;이상갑;최경식
    • 대한조선학회논문집
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.46-56
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    • 2000
  • 본 논문은 손상선박의 안전대책에 관한 연구의 일환으로, 황천항행중인 선박이 충돌, 좌초 등 원인에 의해 손상을 받았을 때를 가상하고, 손상선박을 다른 안전한 장소로 예항하고자 할 때의 침로안정성 문제를 다루고 있다. 외력으로는 바람의 영향만을 고려할 때, 예선 피예선계의 침로안정성 평가를 위한 특성방정식을 도출하고, 피예선의 각 손상상태에 따른 침로안정성을 수치계산하였다. 그 결과 손상상태, 풍속, 풍향 및 예항삭의 길이 등이 침로안정성에 미치는 영향을 평가할 수 있었다.

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스키드 마크를 이용한 자동차 속도 추정 (Estimation of Vehicle Speed using Skid Mark)

  • 홍유식;한창평
    • 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제15권 제2호
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    • pp.471-474
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    • 2005
  • 객관적이고, 과학적인 수사를 위해, 교통사고는 공정한 기록에 의해서, 컴퓨터 모의실험, 및 학문, 그리고 충돌 사고 역동성, 도로 및 교통 공학으로 검증되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는, 교통사고, 과학, 객관적인 방법을 이용하여 진짜 교통사고 및 결과를 재현한다. 본 논문에서는 모의실험 결과 다음 같은 사항이 입증되었다. 습한 도로 조건에서 브레이크 작동시간이 건조한 도로 상태보다 더 긴 것이 입증되었다. 뿐만 아니라, 포장도로와 비포장 돌에서는 비포장도로의 제동시간이 포장도로의 제동시간 보다 짧다는 것이 입증되었다.

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SPACE-BASED OCEAN SURVEILLANCE AND SUPPORT CAPABILITY

  • Yang Chan-Su
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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    • pp.253-256
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    • 2005
  • The use of satellite remote sensing in maritime safety and security can aid in the detection of illegal fishing activities and provide more efficient use of limited aircraft or patrol craft resources. In the area of vessel traffic monitoring for commercial vessels, Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) which use the ground-based radar system have some difficulties in detecting moving ships due to the limited detection range. A virtual vessel traffic control system is introduced to contribute to prevent a marine accident such as collision and stranding from happening. Existing VTS has its limit. The virtual vessel traffic control system consists of both data acquisition by satellite remote sensing and a simulation of traffic environment stress based on the satellite data, remotely sensed data. And it could be used to provide timely and detailed information about the marine safety, including the location, speed and direction of ships, and help us operate vessels safely and efficiently. If environmental stress values are simulated for the ship information derived from satellite data, proper actions can be taken to prevent accidents. Since optical sensor has a high spatial resolution, JERS satellite data are used to track ships and extract their information. We present an algorithm of automatic identification of ship size and velocity. This paper lastly introduce the field testing results of ship detection by RADARSAT SAR imagery, and propose a new approach for a Vessel Monitoring System(VMS), including VTS, and SAR combination service.

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자동차 도어의 충돌 시 파손에 대한 안전성 연구 (Study of Safety on Damage of Automotive Door at Impact)

  • 조재웅;민병상;김기선
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제11권12호
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    • pp.4677-4684
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 자동차 도어에 대한 충격을 흡수하기 위한 차체의 해석을 함으로서 승차자의 안전을 조사할 수 있었다. 차체의 충돌이나 운전자의 부주의로 인한 주차 사고 때문에 자동차 도어의 손상이 일어난다. 이러한 도어는 CATIA 프로그램으로 모델링하였고, ANSYS 프로그램을 통하여 충돌에 의한 도어 모델의 파손과정을 해석하고 조사하였다. 등가응력과 변형율의 등고선들을 구하였고 충돌 하에서 도어가 어떻게 파손이 일어나는지를 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로서 충돌안전을 고려한 도어 설계에 기여 할 것이라 사료된다.

GPS와 블루투스를 이용한 근접 차량 인식 시스템 (Localization System of Neighboring Vehicles Using GPS and Bluetooth)

  • 원미선;신동두;이창구
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.320-326
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    • 2009
  • 자동차 운전에 있어 운전자의 시야확보는 안전운행을 위한 가장 중요한 요소 중에 하나이다. 따라서 빠른 시간 안에 자동차 전후방에서 펼쳐지는 상황을 파악하는 일이 안전운전의 첫걸음이다. 특히, 사고 발생률 대비 치사율이 가장 높은 안개가 자주 발생하는 지역에서의 시야확보는 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 GPS를 이용하여 차량내부에 설치되어 있는 임베디드 보드 네비게이션 모니터링 시스템을 통해 다른 차량의 위치를 실시간으로 보여줌으로써 운전자의 시야확보를 제공한다. 본 시스템을 이용하여 안전운행을 할 수 있고 갑자기 일어나는 돌발 상황에 대처하여 추돌사고의 확률을 낮출 수 있다.

On the Manoeuvring Motion Considering the Interaction Forces in Confined Waters

  • Lee, Chun-Ki;Kang, Il-Kwon
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.639-643
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    • 2003
  • The emphasis is put on the detailed knowledge on manoeuvring characteristic for the safe navigation while avoiding terrible collision between ships and on the guideline to the design and operation of the ship-waterway system The numerical simulation of manoeuvring motion was carried out parametrically for different ship types, ship-velocity ratios, separation and stagger between ships. As for the calculation parameters, the ratios of velocity difference (hereafter, $U_2$/$U_1$ ) between two ships were considered as 0.6, 1.2, 1.5. From the inspection of this investigation, it indicates the following result. Considering the interaction force only as parameter, the lateral distance between ships is necessarily required for the ship-velocity ratio of 1.2, compared to the cases of 0.6 and 1.5 regardless of the ship types. Furthermore, regardless of the ship-velocity ratio, an overtaking and overtaken vessel can be manoeuvred safely without deviating from the original course under the following conditions: the lateral distance between two vessels is approximately kept at 0.5 times of ship-length and 5 through 10. degrees of range in maximum rudder angle. The manoeuvring characteristic based on this investigation will be very useful for keeping the safety of navigation from the practical point of ships design and traffic control in restricted waterways.

SUV 차량의 전면 구조 형상에 따른 충돌 속도와 보행자 전도 거리의 상관관계에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Relationship between Impact Speed and Throw Distance of Pedestrian by the difference of the frontal shape of SUV vehicles)

  • 강대민;안승모
    • 한국기계가공학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2007
  • The type of pedestrian accident can be characterized by vehicular frontal shape and the height of pedestrian. The trajectory of pedestrian after collision by passenger car is different from that by bus due to vehicular frontal shape. The frontal shape of SUV vehicles is dissimilar to passenger car and bus. So, the trajectory and throw distance of pedestrian by SUV vehicles is not the same of passenger car and bus. In this paper, a series of pedestrian kinetic simulation were conducted to inspect the difference in throw distance between SUV vehicle and passenger car and bus by PC-CRASH that is the program for kinetic analysis of articulated body. From the results, if the height of pedestrian is taller than 1.70m, there is no difference in throw distance between SUV vehicle and passenger car, but if the height of pedestrian is about 1.55m throw distance of SUV vehicle is about 4m longer than that of passenger car at each impact speed. The throw distance of pedestrian by Bus is shorter than that of passenger car and SUV at each impact speed.

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