• 생태와환경
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• 제37권1호통권106호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2004

분변성 대장균(Fecal coliform bacteria)은 미국 버지니아주의 수체에 있어서 주요 오염원 중의 하나이다. 1995년부터 2000년까지의 Polecat creek유역의 4개 측정지점에 대하여 하천수의 분변성대장균 농도를 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안에 측정된 분변성 대장균 농도의 중앙값은 80 cfu/100mL부터 170 cfu/100mL까지 변화하였으며, 기하평균은 81cfu/100mL부터 141 cfu/100mL의 범위를 보였다. Caroline호의 수체에 의한 희석과 침전 등의 영향으로 측정지점 QPB의 분변성 대장균 농도가 주변의 측정지점인 QPD보다 낮게 나타났다. 계절별로는 여름철(6${\sim}$8월)에 비교적 높은 농도를 보인 반면에 겨울철(12${\sim}$82월)에는 상대적으로 분변성 대장균의 농도가 낮게 조사되었다. 이는 여름철 기간동안에 가축과 야생동물들이 하천에서 보내는 시간이 많기 때문에 이들 동물의 분비물이 직접 하천으로 유입되며, 낮은 온도보다는 높은 온도에서 대장균의 생장과 번식이 활발하기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 분변성 대장균과 같은 미생물의 조사는 조사목적에 따라 측정시기를 결정하는 것이 측정에 의한 오차를 배제할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.573-578
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• 1999

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of diet for growing-finishing pigs with high level of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from by-products on nitrogen excretion and nitrogen losses from slurry during storage. Sixteen commercial crossbred barrows of about 68 kg BW were randomly allotted to one of four diets. The control diet was formulated using tapioca and rice as basal energy sources. In the other diets, tapioca was replaced by either coconut expellar, rice bran or beer by-product. The diets differed mainly in the amount and compostition of NSP. After a 12-day adaptation period, urine and faeces were collected separately in metabolism cages for 9 days. Urine and faeces from the first four days were used to analyse the nitrogen partitioning. Urine and faeces from the last 5 days were mixed as slurry. The slurry was sampled at the end of the collection period and again after 30 days storage, to analyse for nitrogen to calculate the losses. Increasing dietary NSP reduced urinary nitrogen and nitrogen losses from the slurry during storage. The pigs fed the diet based on beer by-product excreted the most nitrogen via faeces and the least nitrogen via urine. Nitrogen losses from slurry of pigs fed the beer by-product were from 34 to 65% lower than from the other three diets. It is concluded that including NSP-rich by-products in the diet of growing-finishing pigs reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen losses from slurry during storage.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.198-210
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• 1999

This study is to investigate sleep patterns of rheumatoid arthritis patients through a survey research. The subjects for this study were 97 patients registered in Hanyang University Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Center, and the period of data collection was from July 15, 1998 to August 30, 1998. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep, pain, and fatigue, and SPSSWIN 8.0 Program was used for data analysis. The research results are as follows ; The patients went to bed between 11 and 12 p.m., but many of them found difficulty in falling asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning and remained in bed about 1 hour. Only 39 percent of the subjects reported satisfaction with their sleep. Fifty six percent of the subjects took a nap, generally did in the afternoon and 22.7 percent of them napped for half an hour. They suffered sleep disturbance, but their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turn off the light when they went to sleep. As for the quality of sleep, over 50 percent of the subjects reported not being able to sleep deeply, 30 percent of the subjects woke up frequently during sleep, 60 percent experienced frequent arousal after sleep onset. Over 90 subjects slept for 6 to 8 hours. This shows that even though they had rheumatoid arthritis, the patients remained in bed for a sufficient period of time. They also reported waking up or turning frequently during sleep. The sense of fatigue from sleep disturbance scored a relatively high 35.84 points on average against the possible score of 64 points. Behavior for sleep promotion was very active. Sleep disturbance occurred in proportion to the sense of fatigue and pain, and was negatively correlated with quality of sleep. The pain had positive correlations with the illness duration, sleep disturbance and had a negative correlation with the quality of sleep.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4801-4805
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• 2012

This qualitative research within the project entitled "Multiprofessional Intervention and training for Ongoing Volunteer-based Community Health Programs in the Northeast of Thailand (MITV-NET)" was aimed at explaining changes of health behavior of community people in the Northeast after the intervention. The participants comprised 15 community volunteers and 27 villagers. Data were collected by indepth interview, focus group discussion, participation and non-participation observation, and note taking. Analyses were conducted in parallel with data collection, through content and comparative analysis. It was found that the health behavior fell into 2 categories: easy-to-change. The former involved fun activities joined by community people that improved their health or made them recover from illnesses after a short period without becoming addicted. These activities could be done by themselves, for example, exercising and cooking. The difficult-to-change health behavior is habitual, for example, chewing betel nuts or eating uncooked food. The following factors were found affecting behavioral changes: 1) underlying disease; 2) enjoyment in doing activities; 3) habitual behaviour; 4) improved health in a short period; 5) ability of community leaders and volunteers; and 6) community health-supporting resources. It is suggested that improving people's health requires cooperation of community people through fun activities and some initial external support. People who persist in bad habits should be encouraged to stop by showing them health deteriorating effects.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2016

Two identical Particle Into Liquid Samplers-Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) were operated to measure fine particle Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) for one week on Feb. in 2016. The dual instrument operations provided validated WSOC concentrations to have a continuous WSOC measurement during the sample analysis period. Both PILS-TOC instruments were operated downstream of an carbon denuder to remove positive adsorption artifacts associated with semi-volatile organic compounds. Comparison of WSOC showed good agreement each other. The linear regression had a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.92 and a regression slope of 1.01 for the first period. The lower collection efficiency due to lower steam temperature is discussed. In addition, the potential primary source related to WSOC based on the comparison of black carbon (BC) concentrations is explained. The results of good agreement between two PILS-TOC measurements can provide the validation of WSOC cooperations and knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2006

The relationships between costumes and literature are the remarkable characteristics in the history of Japanese costumes. Among them, the literary designs which have literary subject matters seem unique to Japan. In Japan, the history of the literary design traces far back and its examples are abundant in various literatures in the Heian era. It is particularly notable that the literary designs take a relatively large part of Kosode pattern in the pre-modern period, the Edo era, which can be cleary seen in Kosodehinagata-bon, a collection of Kosode pattern of those era, in addition to various sources of extant relics or paintings. These literary designs lie the tradition of the literary lyricism as aesthetic sense in the japanese costume history. The literary lyricism means the lyrical mood evoked by literature. The purpose of this study is to examine how the literary lyricism which has supported those literary designs was formed and developed. The literary designs on costumes related with the relationships between literature and formative art, for example painting. Those typical example, which started in the literature tournament, utaawase, was devised for matching up with the character of the assembly. They continued as a sort of the intellectual amusements. In the pre-modern period, the literary designs developed In relation to not only subject matters but those expression. Moreover, it shows the extremely typical example that a series of Kosodehiinagata-bons, consisted solely of literary designs, was enjoyed as a device of reading materials like poem anthology.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2015

This study was to consider and analyze of fashion window display design at Printemps department store in Paris, France which has tried continuously space presentations through the sensibility and differentiated strategy. The framework for analysis of this study was established by related precedent studies. Data collection was done by searching related specialty publications and website of Printemps department store, and the results of this study were drawn through qualitative analysis of experts' group. The results are as follows. Printemps department store set up presentation types of fashion window display design's themes that have been developed by the method of display presentation such as symbolic, ambience, surrealistic, realistic, and information. The most frequently used presentation development techniques applied in windows' VP of Printemps were the 'transferal of daily space', 'transferal of unexpected space', 'exaggeration of animal & plant', and 'descriptive narrative scene.' In addition, the display theme components such as the materials that can be easily accessible in everyday life, unique directing props, the memory or childhood, the image of animal or plant, and lighting etc. We found that the major colors of window display design at Printemps department store were purple, blue and black during the period from 2009 to 2014.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 1994

The morphological development of the carotid body was studied by electron microscope in human fetuses from 40mm to 260mm crown rump length (10-30 weeks of gestational age). At 40mm fetus, the carotid body was composed of cluster of primitive glomus cells, primitive supporting cells, unmyelinated nerve fibers, and blood capillaries. In connective tissue between internal and external carotid arteries adjacent to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, two types of glomus cells through all prenatal period were found. Dark cells contained a dense cytoplasm with conspicuous large dense-cored granules, whereas light cells had a less dense cytoplasm with dense-cored granules. The light cells contained dense-cored granules that were smaller and less abundant than those in the dark cells. The primitive supporting cells appeared star-shaped with attenuated cytoplasmic extensions intervening between the adjacent glomus cells. Synaptic contact between the axon terminals and soma of the glomus cells were first observed at 40mm fetus. In 80-100mm fetus, the carotid body contained tightly packed collection of glomus cells and supporting cells which surrounded the abundant thin-walled blood vessels. Intercellular junctions between the glomus cells and adjacent cells were commonly seen. Nerve endings on the glomus cells have the form of small boutons and the other from of large calyces. During the second half of the fetal period, the glomus cells were completely enveloped by supporting cells and nerve terminals. At 260mm, the morphological features of carotid body were similar to those of human adult. The result of this study demonstrates that there are differences between the carotid body and aorticopulmonary bodies, especially with respect to their synaptic complexes, abundant blood capillaries, and two glomus cell types.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2020

Data on the crude protein requirements of elk doe are nonexistent and the data are essential for their management in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the crude protein requirement for maintenance of elk doe. Three female elk deer were used in 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets containing three levels of crude protein (CP) that contained low crude protein (approximately 12%), medium crude protein (15%), and high crude protein (18%). Each three elk doe trials included a 14-day preliminary period and a 5-day collection period. Crude protein intake was 4.83, 6.26, and 9.00 g/d for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. Crude protein balances were 1.04, 1.41, and 4.14 for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. The maintenance requirement for CP from the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance were 3.70 g/BW^0.75.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.755-760
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• 2016

In general, the storage life of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) is approximately one month, even in cold storage, which is a limiting factor for its commercialization due to the short marketing period. This short shelf life is in contrast to those of green kiwifruit (A. deliciosa, 6 to 8 months) and gold kiwifruit (A. chinensis, 4 to 6 months). To increase the storage life of hardy kiwifruit, we performed a cross between A. arguta (a local collection, 'Hy2-1', female) and A. deliciosa ('Matua', male) at Wando station at the Fruit Research Institute of JARES, Korea in 1999. After the first selection in 2006, we clonally propagated the hybrid plants by grafting them onto A. arguta seedlings in Gwangyang and Haenam province, Korea. We performed the final selection of this cultivar in 2012 and applied for plant protection rights from the Korea Forest Research Institute in 2013. Several experimental orchards have been established for commercial production. 'Mansu' begins to flower on May 20 in Gwangyang. The horticultural maturity date in 'Mansu', when the soluble solid content reaches $7^{\circ}Bx$, is October 15, whereas that of the control variety ('Chiak') is October 5. The average fruit size of 'Mansu' is approximately 15 g. The soluble solid content of 'Mansu' is approximately 16 to $17^{\circ}Bx$ after ripening. The total yield of mature 'Mansu' vines is estimated to be 2.2 to 2.5 tons per 10a. The fruit firmness of 'Mansu' exceeded 1.5 kg/5 mmØ until 70 days after storage (at 0 and $1^{\circ}C$). Therefore, 'Mansu' fruits have much longer storability than the control. The cultivation and production of 'Mansu' may extend the marketing period for hardy kiwifruit.