• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.41-58
• /
• 2005

This study was started under the judgement that reviewing $\ulcorner$A Survey Report of Korean Architecture$\lrcorner$, which contains photographs and drawings by Sekino Tadashi and which was also made under the order of the Japanese government(1902), would make it possible to consider in detail the status of Korean buildings in the period of the Korean Empire. The focus of the study. was put on three main parts of the temple, especially the central parts. The photographs and drawings as mentioned above showed that changes in the layout of buildings in the central part of the temple were made between the period of the Korean Empire and that of Japanese occupation. Thus the purpose of the study is to investigate when changes in building layout in the central part of the temple were made and what made such changes to be caused, obtaining information necessary for future changes in the precincts of the temple. Results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, 'Seonchal Daebonsan Beomeosa feonkeongdo' and 'Gyeongsangnamdo Dongraegun Beomeosa Geonmul Jeondo' were made in a same period. While, 'Chosun Gojeok Dobo', published by the government-general of Chosun, was a collection of photographs taken by Sekino Tadashi for about 30 years from 1902 to 1933 under the order of the Japanese government. But there were few changes in the building layout of the temple shown in the three materials. Second, one of the photographs and drawings made since 1933, not contained in 'Chosun Gojeok Dobo', and discovered by this researcher was 'Seonchal Daebonsan Beomeosa Annae' which was published by the temple itself after national independence from the period of Japanese occupation, indicating the main reason of changes in building layout as mentioned above. In conclusion, the layout of buildings of the temple began to be changed on a large scale, with so-called 'Cheyongseol' ignored, when Buddhist monk Cha Woon Ho established a 7-storied sarira tower to the left of the main building in the center of the upper part in 1936. In addition, the axis line connecting between Hwaeomjong and Seonjong was also changed at that time.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2013

충남 아산 곡교천 유역에 있어서 최종빙기 최성기~만빙기의 기후 및 식생환경을 밝히기 위하여 아산 장재리 지역의 곡저평야 충적층을 대상으로 화분분석을 실시하였다. 시료채취지점은 현재 낙엽활엽수림대(냉온대 남부)에 포함된다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 조사지역의 약 19,300-14,100yrB.P.의 식생환경은 크게 YJ-I 기(期)와 YJ-II 기(期)로 구분되며, YJ-Ia 기(期)는 다시 YJ-Ia 기(期)와 YJ-Ib 기(期)로 세분된다. YJ-Ia 기(期)(19,300-17,500yrB.P.)는 최종빙기 최성기에 대비되며 당시의 식생은 삼림에 비해 초지의 분포역이 상대적으로 약간 넓으며 이 시기의 삼림식생은 침활혼합림이다. YJ-Ib 기(期)(15,400-14,750yrB.P.)는 만빙기(또는 최종빙기 최성기)에 대비되며 YJ-Ia 기(期) 보다 삼림에 비해 초지의 분포역이 더욱 넓어졌으며 이 시기의 삼림식생은 침활혼합림이지만 우점 수종에 있어 차이가 있다. YJ-II 기(期)(약 14,650-14,100yrB.P.)는 만빙기에 대비되며 당시의 식생은 YJ-Ib기(期)에 비해 삼림보다 초지의 분포역이 더욱 넓어졌으며 이 시기의 삼림식생은 침엽수림이다. (2) YJ-I 기(期)와 YJ-II 기(期)는 모두 만빙기 후기(약 12,000-10,000yrB.P.)~홀로세 초기(10,000-8,500yrB.P.)에 비해 상대적으로 한랭 건조했다, 그리고 YJ-II 기(期)가 YJ-I 기(期) 보다 상대적으로 한랭했으며, YJ-Ib 기(期)가 YJ-Ia 기(期)에 비해 약간 더 습윤했다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 2013

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and the effect of total collection days (two and four days) on apparent digestibility estimates for lambs fed diets containing sugar cane treated with calcium oxide (CaO). Eight Santa In$\hat{e}$s castrated male lambs with a $16.6{\pm}1.8$ kg body weight were used. The lambs were distributed in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares, with four experimental periods of 14 d each. The animals were kept in 1.2 $m^2$ individual pens, and the intake and digestibility evaluations were performed during the last four days of each period. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 14% crude protein (CP), and presenting 70% sugar cane treated with 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25% of CaO (as-fed basis), corrected with 1% urea, and 30% concentrate. The sugar cane with added CaO was chopped, treated, and offered to the animals after 24 h of storage. The sugar cane with CaO increased the DM, OM, CP, NDF, NDFap, TC, NFCap and TDN intake (kg/d), when compared to natural sugar cane, and produced the same intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (% BW). The NFCap digestibility of the CaO-treated sugar cane was inferior to the NFCap digestibility in natural sugar cane. There was a linear increase in the DM intake with the CaO-added sugar cane, but the DM and NDF digestibility and the TDN content decreased linearly. The chemical treatment of sugar cane with CaO increases the intake but does not improve the nutrient digestibility. Two days of total fecal collection were found to be sufficient to estimate the total apparent digestibility in lambs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.515-518
• /
• 2003

Six mature purebred Angus cows ($3.5{\pm}1.5$ years of age, $631.36{\pm}8.63kg$), three pregnant ($250{\pm}7$ days pregnant) and three non-pregnant and eight mature Suffolk ewes ($5{\pm}1.2$ years of age, $68.18{\pm}2.3kg$) four pregnant $115{\pm}5$ days pregnant) and four nonpregnant were utilized in a five-day metabolic trial to determine the effects of gestational status (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) on apparent absorption and retention of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Animals were selected based on body weight, age, and gestational status, and randomly assigned to metabolic crates for total fecal and urine collection. Animals were allowed to acclimate to their new environment for seven days. Pregnant and non-pregnant cows and ewes were then paired (within a species) by body weight and pair-fed throughout the 5 day collection period. Copper and Zn intakes were similar for pregnant and non-pregnant animals within a species. Apparent absorption of Cu (p<0.06) and Zn (p<0.04) were higher in pregnant cows relative to non-pregnant cows. Pregnant cows also had a higher apparent retention of Cu (p<0.05) and Zn (p<0.06) relative to non-pregnant cows. Pregnant ewes had a higher (p<0.01) apparent absorption and retention of Zn compared to non-pregnant ewes. However, apparent absorption and retention of Cu were similar for pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. These data indicate that certain physiological and/or metabolic parameters are altered in pregnant cows and ewes consuming an alfalfa-based diet that enhance the apparent absorption and retention of certain trace minerals.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.195-220
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 2014년부터 2019년까지의 전국도서관통계를 활용하여 공공도서관 고객(방문자 및 자료실이용자) 규모에 미치는 영향요인을 시계열적으로 분석했다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장서수나 연속간행물 등의 변수가 고객 규모에 미치는 영향력은 6년에 걸쳐 지속적으로 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 이는 도서관의 전통적인 기능이었던 일반 도서와 간행물에 대한 접근 서비스가 인터넷으로 대체되고 있음을 암시한다. 둘째, 문화 및 도서프로그램 요인, 도서관 운영 요인, 이용자 활동 요인, 시설규모 요인들이 공공도서관 고객 규모에 미치는 영향력이 소장자료 요인보다 더 크고 지속적이다. 이는 이들 영역에서는 도서관이 인터넷과 보완관계에 있음을 의미한다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.301-310
• /
• 1993

This experiment was performed to develop simple practical methods for short term preservation of rabbit embryos. A total of 55 cross bred does were superovulated by intramuscular injection of PMSG and HCG. Embryos were recovered at 25~30 hrs, 60~65 hrs and 80~85 hrs after mating and selected by morphological examination. Four cell stage, morulae and blastocyst embryos were stored in PBS enrich with 1, 10, 20 and 40% heat-treated FCS at 4, 20, 30 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Embryos were examined morphologically at 24, 48 and 72 hrs following storage. The result obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: The superovulation was induced by PMSG 200 IU and HCG 100 IU. The average number of ovulation points and embryos recovered by collection time were 19.0, 15.6(25~30 hr), 17.3, 13.5(60~65 hr) and 19.2, 14.4(80~85 hr), respectively. And recovery rates of embryos recovered at 25~30 hr, 60~65 hr and 80~85 hr after mating were 62.8%(4 cell), 84.7%(morulae) and 79.6%(blastocyst), respectively. On the other hand, the average number of ovulation points collected by the no, of operations for the repeated collection was 17.3(60~65 hr), 19.2(80~85 hr) in 1st and 9.4(60~65 hr), 10.6(80~85 hr) in 2nd surgery, respectively. There was a significant decrease(P<0.05) in the number of ovulation points the 2nd surgery as compared to the 1st surgery. All of the 4-cell stage embryos stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs showed the same morphology throught the storage period, on the contrary, 4-cell stage embryos stored at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs showed degeneration embryos and stored at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs showed degeneration embryos. Morulae and blastodcyst stored at 4, 20, 30 and 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs showed degeneration embryos. All of the blastocyst stored at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs showed degeneration embryos.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.181-192
• /
• 2011

Ballasting and deballasting of shipping vessels in foreign ports have been reported worldwide as a vector of introduction of non-native aquatic plants and animals. Recently, attention has turned to ballast water as a factor in the global increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Many species of microalgae, including harmful dinoflagellate species, can remain viable for months in dormant benthic stages (cysts) in ballast sediments. Over a period of four years, we surveyed ballast water and sediment of ships docked in two ports of Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Sampling conditions encountered while sampling ballast water and sediments were vastly different between vessels. Since no single sample collection protocol could be applied, existing methods for sampling ballast were modified and new methods created to reduce time and labor necessary for the collection of high-quality, qualitative samples. Five methods were refined or developed, including one that allowed for a directed intake of water and sediments. From 63 samples, 1,633 dinoflagellate cysts and cyst-like cells were recovered. A native, cyst-forming, harmful dinoflagellate, Alexandrium balechii (Steidinger) F. J. R. Taylor, was collected, isolated, and cultured from the same vessel six months apart, indicating that ships exchanging ballast water in Tampa Bay have the potential to transport HAB species to other ports with similar ecologies, exposing them to non-native, potentially toxic blooms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2017

Tan spot (TS), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs, is an important foliar disease of wheat and has become a threat to world wheat production since the 1970s. In this study a globally diverse pre-1940s collection of 247 wheat genotypes was evaluated against Ptr ToxA, P. tritici-repentis race 1, and stem rust to determine if; (i) acquisition of Ptr ToxA by the P. tritici-repentis from Stagonospora nodorum led to increased pathogen virulence or (ii) incorporation of TS susceptibility during development stem rust resistant cultivars led to an increase in TS epidemics globally. Most genotypes were susceptible to stem rust; however, a range of reactions to TS and Ptr ToxA were observed. Four combinations of diseasetoxin reactions were observed among the genotypes; TS susceptible-Ptr ToxA sensitive, TS susceptible-Ptr ToxA insensitive, TS resistant-Ptr ToxA insensitive, and TS resistant-Ptr ToxA toxin sensitive. A weak correlation (r = 0.14 for bread wheat and -0.082 for durum) was observed between stem rust susceptibility and TS resistance. Even though there were no reported epidemics in the pre-1940s, TS sensitive genotypes were widely grown in that period, suggesting that Ptr ToxA may not be an important factor responsible for enhanced prevalence of TS.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제6권7호
• /
• pp.1266-1276
• /
• 2003

인터넷 환경에서는 일반 정보에 비해 수십 배 또는 수백 배가 큰 음성과 영상을 포함한 멀티미디어 정보가 전송된다. 네트워크 관리를 위한 분석 유형들은 실시간 분석, 기본분석과 심화분석으로 구성되며, 심화분석은 특정 object들에 대해 일정기간 주기 적으로 경향정보를 수집하여 네트워크 상태를 분석하는데 유용하다. 심화분석 용 경향정보 수집을 위해 SNMP 적용 시 관리자의 폴링에 대해 에이전트가 매번 응답해야 하기 때문에 네트워크 부하 증가, 응답시간 지연, 데이터 수집의 정확성 감소를 초래한다. 본 논문에서는 기존 SNMP PDU에 시간변수를 추가하여 심화분석 시에 관리자와 에이전트간 불필요한 트래픽 발생을 최소화하고, 보다 정확하게 경향정보를 수집할 수 있는 효율적인 방안을 제안하고 구현하였다. 시험 분석 결과 기존 SNMP와 호환성을 유지하면서 네트워크 트래픽 부하가 감소하였으며, 정보수집의 정확도가 증가하였다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 2016

The purposes of this study were to find out how the characteristics of Chinoiserie in the perspective of the West have influenced on the contemporary womens' fashion. 440 pieces of photo data for this study were collected, focusing on Paris collections as a fashion capital of Europe, for the period of 10 years from 2005 through 2014. The results of this study are as follows. The impacts of Chinoiserie have increased consistently since 2009. The reasons for the increased impacts are assumed that the influence of Chinoiserie on the contemporary fashion rekindled it, as the worldwide attentions to China have been growing since Beijing Olimpic, Aug. 2008. Reviewing by seasons, the trend of Chinoiserie has been more distinct in F/W season comparing with S/S season except year 2007 and 2011. Considering the results of analysis for each designer, Leonard and Shiatzy Chen, the designers of Chinese-origin, appeared to apply the characteristics of Chinoiserie on the contemporary fashion most successfully, while European designers, such as Dries Van Noten, Valentino, and Jean Paul Gaultier, also appeared to accommodate actively the design styles of Chinoiserie in their fashions. Moreover the Asian designers, such as Aesuro Tayama, Andrew GN, and Kenzo, had been using Chinoiserie as a means of providing oriental ambience. The results of this study would be helpful to design and plan the fashion items which are scheduled to enter Chinese markets by Korean designer brands and fashion enterprises. In addition, it is considered that these results would help Chinese designers understand the design characteristics of Chinoiserie which have evoked empathy of people all around the world, when they make Western stage debut in the future.