• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 1987

The study was carried out to observe some fundamental effect of spices on tenderization of beef, particularly round muscle part. The study has been investigated analytically in terms of histological and sensory test to compare the tenderizing effect of the spices with respective effect of commercial meat tenderizer and mechanical tenderizer on beef. The results of formal titration assay using casein as a substrate were that garlic, radish and ginger were stronger in protein hydrolysis than the other spices. Beef with spice treatment produced partial degradation of muscle fiber and connective tissue. Connective tissues and muscle fiber were generally degraded conspicuously by the treatment of commercial meat tenderizer. A general disruption and severing of muscle fibers and severing of connective tissue were seen in the area of blade penetration. The results of sensory test on the texture were that F-value of 11.27 is significant at the 1% of the sample. Beef treated with spices was significantly tenderer than beef without treatment at 5% level.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

To develop novel anti-aging peptides from the germinated black rice, we treated with bromelain, papain and Pronase E. And we investigated the effects of the germinated black rice peptide (GBRP) as anti-aging cosmetic ingredients, and compared with the non-germinated black rice protein (NBRP). We investigated the effects on in vitro inhibition of matrix-metalloprotease (MMP), proliferation of human skin fibroblasts, stimulation of collagen synthesis and expression of UVA-induced MMPs in human skin fibroblasts, UVA induced MMP-1 expression and collagen contents in human skin fibroblasts were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As a result, the molecular weight distributions of GBRP and NBRP were determined by gel permeation chromatography to be approximately 900 and 10,000 daltons. GBRP increased skin cell proliferation about 40% and reduced UVA-induced MMP-1 expression about 50%. Also the collagen protein level of cells, which were cultured with GBRP, was increased about 25%. These results suggest that the geminated plant seed peptides can be novel anti-aging ingredients for cosmetics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.493-500
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• 2013

Gelatin is a collagen-containing thermohydrolytic substance commonly incorporated in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of gelatin by using different reagents, such as 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity-fluorescein (ORAC-FL) in a porcine gelatin hydrolysate obtained using gastrointestinal enzymes. Electrophoretic analysis of the gelatin hydrolysis products showed extensive degradation by pepsin and pancreatin, resulting in an increase in the peptide concentration (12.1 mg/mL). Antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS, exhibited the highest values after 48-h incubation with pancreatin treatment after pepsin digestion. Similar effects were observed at 48 h incubation, that is, 61.5% for the DPPH assay and 69.3% for the ABTS assay. However, the gallic acid equivalent (GE) at 48 h was $87.8{\mu}M$, whereas $14.5{\mu}M$ GE was obtained using the ABTS and DPPH assays, indicating about sixfold increase. In the ORACFL assay, antioxidant activity corresponding to $45.7{\mu}M$ of trolox equivalent was found in the gelatin hydrolysate after 24 h hydrolysis with pancreatin treatment after pepsin digestion, whereas this activity decreased at 48 h. These antioxidant assay results showed that digestion of gelatin by gastrointestinal enzymes prevents oxidative damage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.403-408
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• 2013

The objective of the present study is to detect the effect of ${\beta}$-glucan originated from Aureobasidium on the proliferation and collagen production in human dermal fibroblast cells with wound repopulation in vitro. The proliferative effects were assessed using a MTT assay as well as cell counts at 24 and 48 hr after treatment. Hydroxyproline was measured as an index of procollagen production with reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Oncostatin M was used as a reference agent. In glucagon treated group, dose-dependent and significant increase of optical density or fibroblast cell numbers was demonstrated, when compared with those of control from 0.1 mg/ml concentration. In addition, the numbers of cells which had migrated into the wound defects were more significantly and dose-dependently increased than those of non-treated control. However, no meaningful effects on the procollagen production were observed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Bone formation and bone resorption continuously occur in bone tissue to prevent the accumulation of old bone, this being called bone remodeling. Osteoblasts especially play a crucial role in bone formation through the differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of Scytosiphon lomentaria extract (SLE) on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: A cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and protein expression analysis of osteoblastic genes were carried out to assess the osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS: The results indicated that treatment of SLE promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and improved ALP activity. And, SLE treatment significantly promoted mineralized nodule formation compared with control. In addition, cells treated with SLE significantly upregulated protein expression of ALP, type 1 collagen, bone morphogenetic protein 2, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, and osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that SLE promote differentiation inducement and proliferation of osteoblasts and, therefore may help to elucidate the transcriptional mechanism of bone formation and possibly lead to the development of bone-forming drugs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2001

Endostatin, a proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and the growth of several primary tumors. However, the opinions on the activity of endostatin derivatives deleted N- or C- terminal are still controversial. In this regard, we produced mouse endostatin and its derivatives in the prokaryotic system, and studied their anti-tumor activity. The [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assay demonstrated that N-terminal deleted mouse endostatin, and a C- and N-terminal deleted mutant, effectively inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The biological activity of endostatin was also shown by its in vivo anti-angiogenic ability on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chick embryo. Treatment of $200\;{\mu}g$ of mouse endostatin, or N-terminal deleted mouse endostatin, inhibited capillary formation of CAM 45 to 71%, which is comparative to a 80% effect of positive control, $1\;{\mu}g$ of retinoic acid. An in vivo mouse tumor growth assay showed that N-terminal deleted mouse endostatin, and the N-/C-terminal deleted mutant, significantly repressed the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells in mice as did the full-length mouse endostatin. According to these results, N-and N-/C-terminal deleted mouse endostatins are the potent inhibitors of tumor growth and angiogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

An 80% EtOH extract and the solvent fractions of the seeds of Cornus officinalis were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and AGEs-induced protein cross-linking in vitro. In vitro assay for AGEs-bovine serum albumin (BSA) formation showed that the 80% EtOH extract, n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions significantly inhibited AGEs formation with observed $IC_{50}$ values of 1.13, 17.64, 1.52, 1.24 and $3.27{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In indirect AGEs-ELISA assay, the 800% EtOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on AGEs-BSA formation than aminoguanidine, a well know AGEs inhibitor. Furthermore, the 80% EtOH extract and all the solvent fractions inhibited concentration-dependently AGE-BSA cross-linking to collagen. The 80% EtOH extract, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions also had a breaking activity against preformed AGE-BSA cross-linking concentration dependently. Thus these results suggest that the 80% EtOH extract and fractions of the seeds of C. officinalis could be an inhibitor as well as breaker of AGE-BSA cross-linking.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10911-10916
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• 2015

Background: Tumor metastases are the main reasons for oncotherapy failure. Paris polyphylla (Chinese name: Chonglou) has traditionally been used for its anti-cancer actions. In this article, we focus on the regulation of human lung cancer A549 cell metastases and invasion by Paris polyphylla steroidal saponins (PPSS). Materials and Methods: Cell viability was evaluated in A549 cells by MTT assay. Effects of PPSS on invasion and migration were investigated by wound-healing and matrigel invasion chamber assays. Adhesion to type IV collagen and laminin was evaluated by MTT assay. Expression and protease activity of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, were analyzed by Western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. Results: PPSS exerted growth inhibitory effects on A549 cells, and effectively inhibited A549 cell adhesion, migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting and gelatin zymography analysis revealed that PPSS inhibited the expression and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in A549 cells. Conclusions: PPSS has the potential to suppress the migration, adhesion and invasion of A549 cells. PPSS could be a potential candidate for interventions against lung cancer metastases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.362-367
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• 2004

For better understanding of the host infection mechanism of Vibrio, a Vibrio parahaemolyticus collagenase mutant was generated by insertional inactivation of a vppC gene encoding extracellular collagenase. A recombinant DNA containing vppC::nptII was cloned into a suicide plasmid pDMS197, resulted in pVCM03. The recombinant suicide plasmid pVCM03 contained in E. coli $\chi$7213 was transferred to a wild-type V. parahaemolyticus 04 through conjugation. The recombinant vppC::nptII DNA in pVCM03 was exchanged with wild-type allele by homologous recombination resulting vppC mutant, V. parahaemolyticus CM. The mutant was selected and screened on TCBS media containing 10% sucrose and kanamycin. The mutation by allele exchange was confirmed with the comparison of the size of DNAs amplified by PCR. V. parahaemolyticus CM showed at least 4-fold less collagen-degrading activity than those of wild-type, and the mutant exhibited less cytotoxicity than that of wild-type in MTT assay.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.214-224
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• 2011

Objective: This study examined the potential of the in vitro osteogenesis of microtopographically modified surfaces, RBM (resorbable blasting media) surfaces, which generate hydroxyapatite grit-blasting. Methods: RBM surfaces were modified hydroxyapatite grit-blasting to produce microtopographically modified surfaces and the surface morphology, roughness or elements were examined. To investigate the potential of the in vitro osteogenesis, the osteoblastic cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were examined using the human osteoblast-like cell line, MG-63 cells. Osteoblastic cell proliferation was examined as a function of time. In addition, osteoblastic cell differentiation was verified using four different methods of an ALP activity assay, a mineralization assay using alizarin red-s staining, and gene expression of osteoblastic differentiation marker using RT-PCR or ELISA. Results: Osteoblastic cell adhesion, proliferation and ALP activity was elevated on the RBM surfaces compared to the machined group. The cells exhibited a high level of gene expression of the osteoblastic differentiation makers (osteonectin, type I collagen, Runx-2, osterix). imilar data was represented in the ELISA produced similar results in that the RBM surface increased the level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, TGF-beta1 and PGE2 secretion, which was known to stimulate the osteogenesis. Moreover, alizarin red-s staining revealed significantly more mineralized nodules on the RBM surfaces than the machined discs. Conclusion: RBM surfaces modified with hydroxyapatite grit-blasting stimulate the in vitro osteogenesis of MG-63 cells and may accelerate bone formation and increase bone-implant contact.