• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.23-37
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• 2022

Purpose: The Korean franchise market has undergone drastic growth in recent years. Followed by expansion of franchise business types, relevant legal matters have diversified. Compared to conventional economic laws that focused on resolving problems related to unfair transactions between franchisors and franchisees, more diverse labor laws have emerged recently due to governance and economic dependencies of franchise structure. However, it was found that the business environment of franchisees and working conditions of franchisee employees have not changed accordingly due to the unique structure of franchise business. Though franchisees are entrepreneurs independent from franchisors, they are still under franchising contract with the franchisors. For instance, employees of franchisees have been exposed to malpractices in regard to pay, time, and other working conditions. These malpractices may show the ineffectiveness of current labor laws. Labor management is an important issue for sustainability of franchise businesses. Negative publicity of franchises generated from violating relevant labor laws may have significant negative impact on overall image of franchised brands. However, franchisors should not hold franchisees fully responsible for legal violations in terms of labor management but strive to prevent relevant risks. Thus, the recent amendment in labor law related to increased minimum wage and reduced worktime have called for more attention to effectively implementing the law. Research design, data, and methodology: This study was conducted through a review of franchise-related laws and various institutions and policies. Results: It is further needed for all parties, including franchisors, franchisees, and franchisee employees, to take collaborative actions to improve working conditions of franchisees. Therefore, this study aims to propose appropriate and effective response plans toward recent changes in the Minimum Wage Act, while strengthening sustainability of franchisors, franchisees, and their employees. Conclusions: The proposal mainly contains plans regarding profit-related aids and profit sharing/cost reduction strategies for franchisees, as well as collective bargaining in the franchisor-franchisee relation. More detailed suggestions are included. Conclusions: This proposal may help franchisors and policymakers develop business plans and policies in improving business conditions of franchisees and working conditions of franchisee employees.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.559-564
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• 2024

Since the era of industrial revolution, the waste volume has continued to grow; waste management has thus become one of the major global environmental challenges facing humanities today. Waste treatment and management issues trigger NIMBY movements, and disputes among states, governments, and social actors over the issues have been accelrating. At the level of states and sub-states, various measures including institutions, laws, regulations, market-oriented methods, consensus and collaborative governance have been introduced to address various problems associated with waste. More recently, science and technology has been applied to the waste treatment and management under the notion of circular economy. However, societal support for addressing waste problems still remains inadequate, calling for new approaches and alternative pathways. In this context, this study examines two cases of urban incineration plants designed by Hudertwasser, Austria-born artist and architect: Spittelau, Austria, and Osaka, Japan. Through these case studies, I demonstrate how creative and innovative culture-technology convergence can shed new light on challenging environmental issues such as an urban waste problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.44-58
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• 2018

Cities face new challenges not only in natural disasters by climate change but also in social and economic fluctuations. With the existing simple reconstruction method, it is difficult to solve the overall problems that a city or region may face. As a new approach to cope with various changes, the concept of resilience is emerging. Resilience is also one of the themes of recent major urban design projects. Design with the concept of resilience is a new strategy that can deal with various changes of urban space, rather than a temporary trend. The purpose of this paper is to explore the design method by analyzing cases where the concept of resilience is employed. We aim to examine what kind of design strategies are needed for the resilience design and how this design process differ in character, as compared to general design projects. Cases for this study include the "Rebuild by Design" competition held in 2013 and the "Resilient by Design/Bay Area Challenge" competition held in 2017. This paper consists of literature reviews and case studies. The latter is divided into two aspects: content analysis based on the theory of resilience and characteristics of the design process. Cases are analyzed through literature reviews and process characteristics of resilience design in response to the general design process. The main categories for urban resilience used as the framework for analysis include: Urban Infrastructure, Social Dynamics, Economic Dynamics, Health and Wellbeing, Governance Networks, and Planning and Institutions. As a result, the aspects of resilience concepts considered and design strategies undertaken by each team were identified. Each team tried to connect all 6 categories to their design strategies, placing special value on the role of governance, a system that enables collaborative design and project persistency. In terms of the design process, the following characteristics were found: planning the whole project process in the pre-project phase, analyzing predictable socioeconomic risk factors in addition to physical vulnerabilities, aiming for landscape-oriented integrated design, and sustainable implementation strategies with specific operations and budget plans. This paper is meaningful to connect the concept of resilience, which has been discussed in various articles, to design strategy, and to explore the possibility of constructing a practical methodology by deriving the characteristics of the resilience design process. It remains a future task to research design strategies that apply the concept of resilience to various types of urban spaces, in addition to areas that are vulnerable to disasters.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.144-155
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• 2014

The industrial areas including large industrial complexes formed by the process of the growth-oriented industrialization in the past have been attributed to worsening the urban competitiveness of cities due to their infrastructure shortages and aging. Government-led regeneration projects for old industrial complexes have been implemented on a trial basis, but there is a problem with applying a uniform regeneration planning to all the regional industrial complexes with different circumstances and physical environments. In this context, this study diagnosed the social conditions and physical characteristics of the Sasang industrial area in the city of Busan formed by private-led projects in the past and then tried to suggest its regeneration directions. The study area was characterized as its weakening industrial function, infrastructure shortage, and increasing development pressure. Based on these regional characteristics, the regeneration directions were suggested. In the planning phase, pubic-led infrastructure expansion is first needed and urban renewal needs to be applied to some areas designated as priority maintenance areas. In the implementation phase, stepwise projects are required in the medium to long term and it is important to build upon the consensus with private companies through establishing collaborative governance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.777-786
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• 2020

This study examines the efficiency of safety management measures taken in coastal waters to prevent coastal accidents. Recent years have witnessed about 800 cases of large and small coastal accidents in coastal waters annually. On average, these accidents have been responsible for 129 deaths annually, Thus, there is a need for effective preventive measures. Accordingly, the Korea Coast Guard enacted the Coastal Accident Prevention Act in 2014 and has cooperated with related organizations, such as local governments and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, to safely manage coastal waters. However, compared to the rapid increase in human coastal activities, coastal accidents continue to occur due to the lack of a safety mindset among the Korea Coast Guard, a lack of public safety awareness, a lack of safety management facilities, and poor interest from related organizations, among others. This study examines the conditions and problems faced with regard to safety management in coastal waters based on recent coastal accident data, and analyzes foreign coastal waters safety management cases. Various methods to improve the safety management efficiency in coastal waters are proposed, such as enhancing the safety mindset and capabilities of the Korea Coast Guard, strengthening cooperation among related organizations, increasing the role of local governments, expanding and strengthening safety management facilities by applying new technologies, inculcating a culture of maritime safety, and activating private-public collaborative governance.