• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2023

One of the objectives and aspirations of scientists and engineers ever since the development of computers has been to interact naturally with machines. Hence features of artificial intelligence (AI) like natural language processing and natural language generation were developed. The field of AI that is thought to be expanding the fastest is interactive conversational systems. Numerous businesses have created various Virtual Personal Assistants (VPAs) using these technologies, including Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Google Assistant, among others. Even though many chatbots have been introduced through the years to diagnose or treat psychological disorders, we are yet to have a user-friendly chatbot available. A smart generative cognitive behavioral therapy with spoken dialogue systems support was then developed using a model Persona Perception (P2) bot with Generative Pre-trained Transformer-2 (GPT-2). The model was then implemented using modern technologies in VPAs like voice recognition, Natural Language Understanding (NLU), and text-to-speech. This system is a magnificent device to help with voice-based systems because it can have therapeutic discussions with the users utilizing text and vocal interactive user experience.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

Purpose : Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile is the questionnaire to evaluate sensory processing based on daily activities. Self-questionnaire commonly tends to be biased to the characteristics of subject, so its validity is low. This study aims to analyze correlation between questions of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and tactile threshold measured from cognitive behavioral experiment. Methods : The tactile threshold was calculated by tactile detection task and tactile stimuli were provided with the consistent current stimulator. The tactile threshold was compared with results of tactile processing items in Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and statistical correlation analysis was performed. Results : Scores in Low Registration and Sensation Seeking had positive correlation with the tactile threshold and scores in Sensory Sensitivity and Sensation Avoiding had negative correlation with the tactile threshold. Among them, only Low Registration was statistically significant. Conclusion : The questions in Low Registration(Tactile Processing)are highly correlated with physiological characteristics. As a result, it was shown that sensory inflow is less, if the tactile threshold is high.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to find out the effect of wearing a weighted vest for sensory modulation disorder children. Methods : The participant of the study was an elementary school student, male, aged 7. The ABA single case study was used to design the study which was performed for 14 sessions. During the mediation period(B), the participant received the study cognitive education wearing weighted vest weighing 1.3kg. Results : Abnormal behaviors such as suddenly standing up from the chair, shaking body front and back, and left and right, sucking his thumb and putting the back of his hand to his mouth showed tendency to decrease gradually. Discussion : The participant's abnormal behaviors decreased as the sessions went by, which means the sensory integration therapy can improve the behavior of the child suffering the sensory modulation disorder. The design of the study had certain limitation to explain the influence a weighted vest to sustain the effect of the sensory integration therapy. New study design is needed for the extended studies to prove the lasting effect of a weighted vest for the sensory integration therapy and to suggest protocols incorporating wearing know-hows, proper wearing time, and the weight of a weighted vest.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.79-102
• /
• 2023

Objective : Autistic Spectrum Disorders(ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by atypical sensory adaptation, communication problem, stereotyped behavior, and feeding disorders. The reasons for ASD feeding disorders are oral sensory motor, cognitive, behavioral, and social problems. Major symptoms include picky eating, selective eating, food refusal, food neophobia, limited food variety, and food aversion. ASD feeding disorders could be accompanied by various problems such as health and nutrition intake problems, feeding development, eating-related sociability, and family and caregiver stress. Feeding problems and disorders in ASD can present from birth. However, ASD is diagnosed by the age of 3, and there might be an appropriate treatment gap. Usually, symptoms of feeding disorders tend to decrease with age. However, the symptoms often remain, so early evaluation, intervention, and periodic checking are necessary. In this study, the general information about the feeding disorder characteristics of ASD, influencing factors, and intervention were described through a literature review. Conclusion : Sensory-based therapy and behavior-based therapies are generally used for feeding disorders in ASD. Sensory-based therapy is effective for food sensitivity and behavior-based therapy for food selection. As the symptoms of feeding disorders in ASD are diverse, a comprehensive approach includes play and participation, oral motor exercise, diet, and daily life. However, appropriate evaluation, intervention protocol, and guidelines for the treatment of feeding disorders in ASD are limited. Therefore, a complex approach based on a more systematic understanding is needed. Feeding rehabilitation specialists, such as occupational therapists, should provide appropriate evaluation and intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.6-13
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to assess the career paths and practice patterns of child and adolescent psychiatrists in South Korea. Methods : A survey on demographic data, work environment, opinion on fellowship training program, and current practice patterns was conducted in 76/223 (34.0%) of all child and adolescent psychiatrists (N=223) were from 1980 to 2008. The survey data from the responders were analyzed. Results : More than half of those surveyed were women. The mean age of survey participants was 40.8 years; most were married, and lived in the Seoul National Capital Area. In general, the responders were very satisfied with their work. They worked in private practice, public sector, group practice, and as consultants. Up to 87% of the patients treated were children and adolescents. The most common treatment modalities were medication and parent psychoeducation. Social skills training and play therapy were applied mainly for children aged 4 to 12 years old. Cognitive behavioral therapy and counseling were preferred in adolescents. Conclusion : The current study used a database approach in order to define current practice patterns. These data may be helpful in consideration of future training programs, workforce issues in child and adolescent psychiatry in South Korea, and also in collaboration with other mental health providers.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2012

The mechanism of psychotherapy is explained by the recent developments in neuroscience and neuroimaging. The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of psychotherapy and to discuss the future of psychotherapy improvement with the help of advances of the neurobiological findings in psychotherapy. For this study, we investigated a wide range of materials. We searched for various researches on psychotherapy, brain, and neurobiology. In addition to the conventional psychodynamic psychotherapy, we investigated research findings on cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Moreover, based on the actual experiences of treating patients, we speculated the neurobiological mechanisms of the process and results of psychotherapy. With the development of neuroscience, we are now able to understand the personal consciousness, unconsciousness and developmental process. Also subdividing the disease is made possible. Personalized treatment has become available, and we are able to predict the prognosis of patients. Our memories are composed by implicit memory and explicit memory. By psychotherapy, we can consciously remember explicit memory, and it becomes easier to explore implicit memory through free association. Through psychotherapy, we will also be able to learn the effect of acquired environment and experience. Psychotherapy is able to correct human behaviors by modifying the memories. Through the regulation of emotions, it becomes possible to modify the memories and correct the behaviors. In this process, doctor-patient relationship is the main factor which cause positive treatment effects. Furthermore imagination therapy or unconscious, non-verbal stimuli could bring about positive treatment effects. Now psychotherapy could be explained and studied by neuroscientific researches. In this sense, we could provide the direction of future advances in neuroscience by the neurobiological understanding of psychotherapy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2023

Purpose : This study systematically assessed 9 emotion-function programs for schizophrenic individuals that have been implemented over the past 10 years in Korea and abroad, with the objective of providing clinical grounds and data for further programs. Methods : This study identified 2,558 studies from among those registered in the RISS, KISS, EMbase, PubMed and Scopus databases from 2013 to September 2023, using 'schizophrenia' AND 'emotion' AND ('program' OR 'therapy') as keywords. Of the 2,558 studies retrieved from electronic databases, 602 duplicate papers were excluded. After this process, 1,915 papers that did not meet the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were excluded based on their titles and abstracts. Following a review of the texts of the remaining 41 papers, nine papers were finally selected, excluding 32 papers according to the selection and exclusion criteria. Results : Programs for the emotional function of patients with schizophrenia have continued to be researched. The results of an evaluation on the quality of the selected literature confirmed that a majority of the reviewed items were "uncertain", confirming that there was a risk of bias. The interventions for emotions included art, cognitive-behavioral, and physical programs, of which art programs were frequently applied. Most of the interventions were implemented in hospitals. The dependent variables for evaluating emotions included emotional expression, depression, anxiety, and positive emotions, and among them, emotional expression was used most frequently. Accordingly, the Berkeley expressivity questionnaire was commonly used as an evaluation tool. Conclusion : This study is significant for intending to analyze domestic and overseas programs for the emotions of patients with schizophrenia, thereby proposing the direction for planning and applying interventions in clinical settings. In follow-up studies, it will be necessary to develop a protocol that confirms interventions according to the settings and patient characteristics of programs and expands the scope of literature reviews.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2022

This review was conducted to identify the research trends in music intervention studies with elderly patients with dementia. Korean- and English-written studies on music intervention for this population were searched and analyzed. Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis. The results showed that behavioral and psychological symptoms were the main dependent variables. In terms of the type of music intervention employed, interventions requiring the patient's active participation in producing music were more common than interventions that required the patient to only listen to music. The majority of studies provided live music, selected music that was familiar to and preferred by the patient, and utilized rhythm-based performance activities. In the studies using active music production as the intervention, the participants were asked to express the emotions evoked by group instrument playing or singing along with music, which doesn't reflect the functional limitations (e.g., cognitive impairment) of elderly patients with moderate to severe dementia. The results of this review point to the need in the field to develop music intervention programs for the elderly with moderate to severe dementia that meaningfully engage these patients in music-related behaviors that target their specific symptomology.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2006

Objectives : In the psychiatry, structured interview is very important tool to be used in epidemiological or psychopharmacological studies. However, investigators often find that the administration of comprehensive diagnostic interviews is time-consuming and expensive to be used in clinical or research settings. Considering these points, Sheehan and his colleagues developed MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) to meet the need for a brief, reliable, and valid structured diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders. The MINI has been translated into many languages and used in many countries. Therefore, we translated the MINI into Korean and determined its validity in this study. Methods : Twohundred seventy patients and normal subjects participated in the validation of the MINI versus an expert's professional opinion. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders including panic and other phobic disorders, and alcohol dependence were included in this study. The validity was obtained by examination whether MINI based diagnoses were compatible with diagnoses by expert psychiatrists. Results : The range of Kappa values was 0.22 (somatoform disorder) to 0.93 (bipolar disorder - past). Overall agreement between MINI and expert's diagnoses were good. The Kappa values for anxiety disorders seemed to be higher than those for other disorders. Conclusion : The MINI Korean version has the good validity. It also has potential applications as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Depression disturbs the individual life from the loss of productivity to suicide. Furthermore the whole society is also influenced by depression in social and economic areas. Many scientific treatment methods are known to be effective in depression. But in reality more than half of patients with depression prefer self help treatment rather than medically based treatment. For the patients with mild depression and primary physicians, it is reasonable to provide the evidence based self care including self help or alternative treatment. This study is supported by the Korean Health 21 R&D Project for the Depression Center to establish the Korean treatment guideline for depression. Methods : The members of Depression Center including the authors attended the workshops where the methods of evidence based medicine such as literature search, quality evaluation of the articles, making the level of evidence were educated. The professional librarians helped the authors for get the searched articles. Among the total of 354 abstracts of systemic review and 300 abstracts of random controlled trials, 3 systemic reviews and 2 random controlled trials were the main structure of evaluation. Result : Among the 37 self care methods known to be effective for depression, 11 kinds of methods were worth of evaluation. The first step for the self care of mild depression is to use St. John's wort, exercise, bibliotherapy, and light therapy in depression during winter season. Acupuncture, negative ion therapy, massage, relaxation technique are known to be efective with evidence. Music therapy, hypnotherapy, and aromatherapy are known to be effective but until now the evidences is insufficient and further evaluations are needed. Conclusion : Among 11 listed self-care methods, several methods need more evidence especially in Korean situation. Exercise is the most recommendable evidence based self care method in Korea nowadays. St. John's wort is effective with evidence, but it is not the OTC drug in Korea, so it is not recommendable now. For the bibliotherapy, there is no book such as "Feeling Good" in Korea. Only the introductory book about depression is available. Publishing the self help book based upon cognitive behavioral approach or psychodynamic approach is needed. Light therapy is practiced in a few clinics, but not self-help style. Exposure to the sunlight is recommended in the level of commen sense. These self care methods are for the mild patient. Moderate to severe patients with depression should seek the professional treatment.