• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of different interaction styles, that is, interaction with an object and interaction with an adult, on young children's cognitive level. Subjects were 150 5-year-old children. The task required children to predict the working of a mathematical balance beam. Seven cognitive levels were identified based on the logic of prediction. Data were analyzed by t-test, F-test, Duncan Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Test. Results showed that both interaction styles caused improvement in children's cognitive level, but when interaction with an adult was divided into two categories, i.e., interaction with the higher group and interaction with the lower group, the latter experienced decline in cognitive level. Regardless of sex, interactions within the Zone of Proximal Development and with the object were found to be effective methods for children's cognitive improvement.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 1997

This study was conducted to test the effect of cognitive stimulation training on elderly persons with dementia. The design of the research was one group in pre-test-post-test design. The subjects were nine demented persons over sixty years, with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Training was administered by research assistants on a one to one basis for thirty to forty minutes, three times a week for eight weeks. In order to evaluate the effect of cognitive stimulation training, we measured cognitive function before and after three training sessions each. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test analysis using a spss pc package, The results are as follows: 1) The recipients of the training program showed improvement in overall cognitive functioning. The MMSK - K score, recall levels of concepts, daily tasks, personal past history and performance of word fluency were significantly increased after training. 2) There was a significant improvement in cognitive functioning over the training period: recall levels of concepts, daily tasks, past personal history and performance of word fluency significantly increased over the training period progessively, The results suggest that cognitive stimulation training is effective in improving and maintaining overall cognitive function of elderly persons with dementia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cognitive training program on neurocognitive task performance and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients who had a stroke. Methods: The research design for this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Patients were assigned to the experimental (n=21) or control group (n=21). The experimental group received a 4-week cognitive training program and usual care (i.e., rehabilitation service), while the control was received usual care only. Cognitive function was measured with a standardized neurocognitive test battery and ADL was assessed at baseline and one and two months after completion of the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine changes in cognitive function and ADL over 2 months. Results: The interaction of group and time was significant indicating that the experimental group showed improvement in attention, visuospatial function, verbal memory, and executive function compared to the control group which had a sustained or gradual decrease in test performance. A significant group by time interaction in instrumental ADL was also found between the experimental group with gradual improvement and the control group showing no noticeable change. Conclusion: Findings show that the cognitive training program developed in this study is beneficial in restoring cognitive function and improving ADL in patients following a stroke. Further study is needed to investigate the long-term relationship between cognitive training participation and cognitive improvement and effective functioning in daily living.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of the study was to investigate the application of nonpharmacological cognitive interventions in patients with dementia. Methods : We searched published studies in KISS, PubMed, and Sciencedirect databases from January 2013 to December 2017. The main keywords used were "Dementia" AND "Cognitive stimulation OR Cognitive rehabilitation OR Cognitive training" and a total of ten studies were selected for analysis from 753 searched articles. Results : Seven of the ten selected studies showed significant improvements in cognitive function after intervention, whereas three studies showed no improvement in cognitive function; however, activation of brain waves, improvement in the relationship between care givers and patients, improvement in the quality of life of care givers, and improvements in visual motor skills were shown. Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) was used as the assessment tool for identifying the effects of the cognitive function improvement, and in four studies the quality of life of dementia patients was measured as an intervention effect. The main subject of the cognitive intervention is patients with mild to moderate dementia. Conclusion : The results of this study can be used as a basis for the selection of intervention methods, as well as their duration and assessment, according to the characteristics of dementia patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Medicine & Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2018

Objective: To investigate the effects of a brain fitness exercise on the cognitive function of patients with dementia. Method: Forty-six elderly adults diagnosed with dementia were randomly allocated to the study or control group (n=23 per group). The study and control groups performed a brain fitness and regular exercise, respectively, for 40 minutes a day, three times a week for four weeks. We examined cognitive capacity using MMSE-K, cognitive strength, judgment time, and mental workload scores before and after intervention. Results: The study group showed significant improvements in all variables. In addition, the control group showed a significant improvement in brain stress. We found that there was a significant improvement in the study group when compared with the control group in all variables. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that brain fitness exercise would be effective in improving cognitive functions of dementia patients.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.801-824
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• 2019

As becoming an aging society, there is a rising interest on dementia. But Dementia prevention program, executed at the national level, is in insufficient state. In this study, to design and diffuse Dementia prevention program, this study conduct Cognition improvement program and evaluate cognitive function in aspects of Discrimination, Organization, Thinking, Memorizing, and Concentration capacity. So that this study try to investigate how this Cognition improvement program will affect in detail to cognitive function in senior people. This study designed Silver Cognition program for 5 aspects of cognitive function; Discrimination, Organization, Thinking, and Concentration capacity. And this studyrecruited experimental group with control group, and conducted the program to them for 3 months. At the start and the end of the program, this study evaluated their MMSE-DS score, Geriatric depression scale, Quality of life score, and cognitive function test score by survey. Finally, this study compared and analyzed these first and second score to find the effects of this program to cognitive function. As the results compared between first and second score of MMSE-DS test, Geriatric depression scale, Quality of life scale, and cognitive function test, Silver Cognition program has a significant effects to improve cognitive function, MMSE-DS score and Geriatric depression scale. As the results of the test on cognitive function in 5 aspects, cognitive function is more improved in the order of Memorizing, Thinking, Concentration, Discrimination, and Organization capacity. After the Silver Cognition program, Memorizing and Thinking capacity have most improvement. But aging of brain function is faster in these two capacity, so if more concentrated education is conducted for these two capacity, then it will bring better effects for prevention of dementia.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a group of community dwelling elderly. Methods: Two-hundred and twenty-nine elderly living in a community and diagnosed with MCI were recruited. Participants were evaluated with various instruments such as the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and the Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K). Korean medicine treatment consisted of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and pharmacoacupuncture. The change in cognitive ability was assessed by using the MMSE-DS and the MoCA-K. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 22.0 using the paired t-test, and the ANOVA. Results: The MMSE-DS and the MoCA-K score generally increased after six months of Korean medicine treatment and the differences in both instruments were statistically significant. Additionally, some consecutive participants maintained long-term cognitive improvement. When analyzed specifically by herbal medicine group based on syndrome differentiation and pharmacoacupuncture group, most showed improvement in the MMSE-DS and the MoCA-K but not all data were statistically significant. The satisfaction score was mostly high and most participants were willing to re-participate in the program. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatment may contribute to the improvement and prevention of cognitive decline in the elderly. However, further systematic research based on large scale sample data and standardized protocols is needed to uplift the welfare and mental health of the elderly.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This study relates to a composition for improvement of memory or prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment using waste resources rich in beneficial substances. This study makes good effects to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase in brain tissue and to improve the cognitive functions in a simulation model of cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine, so it can be available in the promotion of memory and the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment. The composition uses the extract of fruit peels, which have long been used without causing toxicity in a wide range of food applications; therefore, it can be used safely without a risk of side effects, even in the case of a long-term administration for the preventive purpose. Furthermore, this research is a very beneficial invention in the environment-friendly aspect in association with the recycling of resources, as it is based on the novel efficacies of fruit peels, which have been conventionally disposed as a refuse of fruits due to their poor sensory qualities despite the content of beneficial substances.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

Objective : Through the application of the Anderson model, this study provides an empirical analysis of the decision-making factors for participation in cognitive improvement programs for the elderly living in the community. Methods : This study was conducted through an online survey. The participants were elderly people aged 65 years or older living in the community. The survey had 154 participants and was conducted over a two-month period from August to September 2020. Results : The main results of this study were as follow: first, there was no correlation between the predisposing factors and cognitive improvement program; second, among the enabling factors, diversity, interest, and effectiveness of the program were correlated with the cognitive improvement program; and third, there was no correlation between participation in the cognitive improvement program and need factors. Conclusion : This study shows that the results of basic information and evidence will be identified through analysis of the results of the study and that the implications for the development of cognitive improvement programs will be obtained in the future.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.107-123
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short term effectiveness of a cognitive ability improvement service for children, which is one of the 'Investment activities for Local Community Services' conducted by the Ministry for Health and Welfare. Results indicate that the longer the period of using cognitive improvement services for children, the more positively significant influence there is on their language abilities in terms of comprehension, expression, and reading-writing. Furthermore, these influences are stronger in children of low-income families than in children from higher income families. Certainly, this type of service improves infants' language abilities regardless of the income level of their families.