• 아동학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 1988

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of children's creativity to field independence-dependence cognitive style and demographic variables at age 5. The subjects for the present study were 86 five-year-old boys and girls selected from two kindergartens in Seoul and their parents, who replied to the questionnaire about demographic variables. Children were tested in groups, with the Torrance tests of Creative Thinking-Figural, and individually with the Preschool Embedded Figures Test. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson's product-moment correlations. Children's fluency and originality in creativity showed significant positive correlations with field dependent-independent cognitive style. There were no significant differences in creativity according to sex. There were significant differences in field dependent-independent cognitive style according to sex. The score of field independent cognitive style of boys were significantly higher than those of girls. Children's creativity showed low correlations with demographic variables.

• 한국어교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the necessity of research for increasing French language learners and to examine their use of listening strategies according to their proficiency as a basic study for their continuous learning and communication skills. In the case of French language Korean learners, both the beginner and intermediate learners used the upper cognitive strategy most frequently. However, the cognitive strategy, which has been mentioned as a frequently used strategy in previous studies, was found to be the least used in this study. This finding can be attributed to differences in mores and mastery of prior studies and research subjects. The cognitive strategy was lower in both the beginner and intermediate levels, but the level of use increased significantly in the intermediate level compared to the beginner level, showing only statistically significant differences in the usage patterns according to the proficiency level among the four listening strategies.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.257-271
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• 1993

Four science concepts were selected from high school earth science textbook to investigate the differences in students knowledges activated in laboratory and earth environmemtal contexts. Two items, one is for laboratory and the other for earth environmental contexts, were develped for each selected concept. Students' responses were analyzed in terms of 'Common Activated Knowledges' (CAK), 'Specific Activated Knowledges'(SAK) across students' cognitive frames, grades and sexes. As contextual differences of the problems increased, gender contributed more than other variables to the frequencies of activating CAK and SAK. Context effects were also reported across cognitive frames for CAK, but SAK became more avtivated when the contextual differences of the items become smaller. As a whole, students with laboratory cognitive frames showed more significant context effects than others. Students in 11th grade, with scientific frames and with earth science cognitive frames showed relatively small context effects. The results of the study showed that sciene concepts learned in a laboratory context are not usually transferred spontaneously to earth environmental contexts. Special instructional strategies should developed to overcome the context effects.

• 인지과학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.487-515
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 방식으로 개개인의 인지능력을 측정하고 문단 이해 능력을 살펴보는 것을 통해 문단이해에 영향을 미치는 인지정보처리 기제를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 어휘판단 과제와 형태비교 과제를 사용하여 하위 인지능력을 측정하였고 숫자폭 과제, 작업폭 과제와 읽기폭 과제를 통하여 작업기억의 개인차를 측정하였다. 또한 논리적으로 유효한 추론과 유효하지 않은 추론의 처리 속도와 정확도를 살펴보는 것을 통해 고차 인지능력을 측정하였다. 문단이해 능력을 측정하기 위해서는 목표 문장 앞에 원인 문장이 있는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 실험참여자들의 문장의 읽기 속도와 정확도를 측정하였다. 구조 모형을 통해 문단이해에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴본 결과 하위 인지처리의 속도는 고차 인지처리의 속도와 상관이 있고 하위 인지처리의 정확도는 고차인지 처리의 정확도와 상관이 있었으나 고차 인지처리와 하위 인지처리에서 모두 속도와 정확도간의 상관은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 작업기억은 고차 인지처리 및 하위 인지처리의 정확도와는 상관이 있었으나 인지처리의 속도와는 상관이 없었다. 보다 중요하게 문단이해의 속도에는 하위 인지처리의 속도만이 영향을 미쳤지만 문단이해의 정확도에는 작업기억과 고차인지처리 기제가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 문단이해의 속도는 문단이해의 정확도에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 지역의 랜드마크 인지요인이 관광만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 지역 랜드마크 인지요인과 관광만족의 영향관계에서 지역주민과 관광객의 인식의 차이로 인해 그 영향관계가 어떻게 달라지는지를 확인하고 그 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 광주광역시의 관광지를 찾은 관광객과 지역주민을 대상으로 2019년 9월 1일부터 10월 6일까지 36일간 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 389부를 회수하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 랜드마크 인지요인은 상징성과 역사성으로 관광만족은 단일요인으로 구분되었다. 랜드마크 인지요인은 관광만족에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며 지역주민과 관광객에 따라 그 영향관계에는 차이가 발생하였다. 그러므로 랜드마크를 통한 관광 상품을 개발하고자 할 때, 지나치게 지역주민의 의견을 반영하게 되면 오히려 관광객들이 외면하는 결과가 있을 수 있으므로 다양한 의견을 적절히 반영하는 것이 중요할 것이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2023

Purpose: Pneumoconiosis is a chronic lung disease in which the lungs become hardened due to the accumulation of fine mineral dust that has been breathed in at industrial sites. The lungs are unable to function properly, resulting in complications of several respiratory diseases. Methods: The subjects were 36 elderly adults (pneumoconiosis patients 18, healthy elderly 18) over the age of 65 years. The respiratory function was assessed using a spirometer to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), first second of forced expiration (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow n(PEF). The static balance function test was determined by the center of mass (COM), ankle angle range, hip angle range, sway parameters, and reciprocal compensatory index (RCI). Cognitive function was measured by applying MoCA-k. Results: Comparison of respiration functions between the two groups showed statistically significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEFs (p<0.05). Cognitive abilities showed statistically significant differences due to higher cognitive skills in the control group as compared to the patient group (p<0.05). Most results of the static balance capability measurements showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were obtained for COM AP Range, Angle AP Range, RCI ML Range, and AP Range (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that patients suffering from pneumoconiosis have less cognitive ability and balance function as compared to healthy elderly people. Therefore, we expect an improvement in the balance ability and cognitive function through systematic management and strengthening lung function training to improve the quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2021

Background: Compared with normal people, stroke patients have decreased voluntary craniocervical motion, which affects their balance. Objects: This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of active craniocervical movement training using a cognitive game on stroke patient's cervical movement control ability, balance, and functional mobility. Methods: The subject of this study were 29chronic stroke patients who were randomly allocated to either an experimental, cognitive game group (n = 15), or control group (n = 14), to which only neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) was applied. The intervention was conducted 5 times per week, 30 minutes per each time, for a total of 4 weeks. Active angle reproduction test, static stability test, limits of stability test, and Time up and Go (TUG) test, respectively, were carried out in order to evaluate cervical movement control ability, static balance, dynamic balance, and functional mobility. Paired t-test was used in order to compare differences between prior to after the intervention, along with an independent-test in order to compare prior to and after-intervention differences between the two groups. Results: After the craniocervical training with a body-driven cognitive game, the experimental group showed significant differences in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion on the affected side, and rotation on the affected side in the active angle reproduction test. The experimental group indicated significant differences in sway length both with eyes-open and with eyesclosed in the static stability test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. The control group to which NDT was applied had significant differences in flexion in the active angle reproduction test and in limits of stability test and TUG test. Conclusion: The above results mean that craniocervical training using a body-driven cognitive game positively influences stroke patient's cervical movement control ability and as a result their balance and functional mobility.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the learning competencies of students at a college from September 1 to November 30, 2017, in an effort to provide some information on how to foster learning competencies in college years, which lay the foundation for work and social lives. 1. The learning competencies of the subjects consisted of academic vision, student identity, cognitive regulation, emotional regulation, learning management and creating learning environments. Out of five points, they scored the highest in academic vision and student identity with 3.34, followed by learning management with 3.20, creating learning environments with 3.18, emotional regulation with 3.16 and cognitive regulation with 3.14. 2. There were statistically significant differences in academic vision according to age, the area of major, the academic credential of their fathers, commuting time, military service experience and career plans. 3. There were statistically significant differences in student identity and cognitive regulation according to gender, age, the area of major, the academic credential of their fathers, commuting time, military service experience and career plans. 4. There were statistically significant differences in emotional regulation according to age, the area of major, the academic credential of their fathers, commuting time, career plans and daily mean study hours. 5. There were statistically significant differences in learning management according to gender, age, the area of major, grade point average, the academic credential of their fathers, career plans and daily mean study hours. 6. There were statistically significant differences in creating learning environments according to gender, age, the area of major, the academic credential of fathers, commuting time, career plans and daily mean study hours. As they were poorest at the cognitive regulation area among the areas of learning competencies, self-directed learning programs that deal with how to study, learning process, how to take notes and arrange them, how to link different pieces of acquired knowledge and how to map out study plans should be developed to give support to students.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of vitamin D and calcium on depression and cognitive function of the elderly living alone in a city. Methods: The participants were registered in eight senior centers in S city and they had lived alone. Data were collected between November 28, 2014 and March 7, 2015. A total of 155 people participated in data collection to measure the serum vitamin D, the serum calcium, depression, and cognitive function. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in depression according to gender and perceptions of health status. Depression correlated significantly with the serum calcium and perceptions of health status, and a stepwise regression analysis showed that the perceptions of health status were significant. There were significant differences in cognitive function according to education level and age. Cognitive function correlated significantly with the serum vitamin D and a stepwise regression analysis showed that education level and age were significant. Conclusion: Consequently, elderly people with poor perceptions of their health status need a depressive intervention program and those with a higher age and lower level of education need a cognitive function intervention program.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the effects of explicit instruction about nature of science by elementary school students' cognitive level. Participants were six classes, 187 sixth graders at elementary schools in Daegu. Three classes were assigned to control groups and the other classes to treatment groups. Control groups were provided normal instructions and treatment groups were provided instructions integrated with nature of science about chapter 'electromagnet' for 9 class periods. The results of this study were as follow. Both low-cognitive level students and high-cognitive level students in the treatment groups are improved in understanding about nature of science by the explicit instructions about nature of science. Especially, the high-cognitive level students had more improvement than the low-cognitive level students in understanding about nature of science by the explicit instructions about nature of science. There were no significant differences between the test scores of the two groups in the science interest sub-domain of the science-related affective domain. But, there were significant differences between the test scores of the two groups in curiosity and open-mindedness of the scientific attitudes sub-domain of the science-related affective domain.