• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2008

Purpose: To develop the patient classification system based on the resource utilization for reimbursement of long-term care hospitals in Korea. Method: Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) conducted a survey in July 2006 that included 2,899 patients from 35 long-term care hospitals. To calculate resource utilization, we measured care time of direct care staff (physicians, nursing personnel, physical and occupational therapists, social workers). The survey of patient characteristics included ADL, cognitive and behavioral status, diseases and treatments. Major category criteria was developed by modified delphi method from 9 experts. Each category was divided into 2-3 groups by ADL using tree regression. Relative resource use was expressed as a case mix index (CMI) calculated as a proportion of mean resource use. Result: This patient classification system composed of 6 major categories (ultra high medical care, high medical care, medium medical care, behavioral problem, impaired cognition and reduced physical function) and 11 subgroups by ADL score. The differences of CMI between groups were statistically significant (p<.0001). Homogeneity of groups was examined by total coefficient of variation (CV) of CMI. The range of CV was 29.68-40.77%. Conclusions: This patient classification system is feasible for reimbursement of long-term care hospitals.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.510-521
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree and correlations between the nursing image and professionalism perceived by male and female nursing students in College. Method: The subjects were composed of 683 nursing students (male 59, female 624) in college located in Gyeonggi province using convenience sampling method. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The mean score of nursing image perceived by male nursing students was 3.80 (${\pm}0.51$) and that of female nursing students was 3.75 (${\pm}0.45$). The mean score of professionalism perceived by male nursing students was 3.61 (${\pm}0.55$) and that of female nursing students was 3.64 (${\pm}0.42$). There was no significant difference between nursing image of male and female students in statistical analysis (t=1.38, p=.248). And there was no significant difference between professionalism of male and female students in statistical analysis (t=1.73, p=.167). The nursing image perceived by male nursing students was positively related to professionalism (r=.74, p<.001). The nursing image perceived by female nursing students was positively related to professionalism (r=.69, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, further research is needed to change of perspectives on new educational approach to male nursing students.

• Composites Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

The single carbon fiber tensile test was performed with electrical resistance measurement. Tensile property of single carbon fiber which accompanied by the relationship between the electric resistance and the strain was investigated. Since the collected data showed a linear relationship between them, the coefficient of fiber slip ratio (FSR) was obtained by computation. The fragmentation specimen (FS) was tested under tensile loading, and the single carbon fiber broke first due to the stress transferring form matrix to reinforcing fiber. The stress distribution of carbon fiber could be observed via the electrical resistance change. Slipping between carbon fiber and matrix was predicted based on the fragmentation test results, and the FSR was used to evaluate interfacial adhesion comparatively. The large FSR indicated poor interfacial bonding. Work of adhesion between carbon fiber and matrix was measured to verify the FSR method, and two results exhibited a consistent conclusion.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2014

This study aims to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration in rivers using multi-spectral RapidEye imagery and Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) and assess the applicability of SMA for multi-temporal imagery analysis. Comparison between images (acquired on Oct. and Nov., 2013) predicted and ground reference chlorophyll-a concentration showed significant performance statistically with determination coefficients of 0.49 and 0.51, respectively. Two band (Red-RE) model for the October and November 2013 RapidEye images showed low performance with coefficient of determinations ($R^2$) of 0.26 and 0.16, respectively. Also Three band (Red-RE-NIR) model showed different performance with $R^2$ of 0.016 and 0.304, respectively. SMA derived Chlorophyll-a concentrations showed relatively higher accuracy than band ratio models based values. SMA was the most appropriate method to calculate Chlorophyll-a concentration using images which were acquired on period of low Chlorophyll-a concentrations. The results of SMA for multi-temporal imagery showed low performance because of the spatio-temporal variation of each end members. This approach provides the potential of providing a cost effective method of monitoring river water quality and management using multi-spectral imagery. In addition, the calculated Chlorophyll-a concentrations using multi-spectral RapidEye imagery can be applied to water quality modeling, enhancing the predicting accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2016

An acoustic and trawl pilot survey using a small vessel was conducted in Jinhae bay of the South Sea of South Korea on April 13~14, May 11~13 and June 8~10, 2015. During the survey, acoustic data was collected and bottom trawls were conducted at the same time. First, various noises were eliminated by using the Park method based on the Wang method (Wang et al., 2015; Park et al., 2015), the species compositions and catch rate from each bottom trawl were observed, and spatial distribution of fishery resources in the water column and their nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) were investigated through acoustic data. During the entire survey period, 12 orders, 33 families and 41 species were caught. The most caught species in April, May and June were Okamejei kenojei, Zoarces gilli and Pholis nebulosa, respectively. Fish schools were observed near the line of net mouth height in April. Numerous weak scatters were presented on the echograms in May and June. Many fish schools appeared in between the water surface and 20 m deep in May. The NASC value from entire water columns was the lowest in April ($35.9m^2/n{\cdot}mile^2$) and highest in June ($1541.3m^2/n{\cdot}mile^2$).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.735-743
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• 2015

The major component with a significant impact on the thermodynamic efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle is the turbine. Many difficulties occur in the turbine design of an organic Rankine cycle because the expansion process in an organic Rankine cycle is generally accompanied by a dramatic change in the working fluid properties. A precise preliminary design for a radial inflow turbine is hard to obtain using the classic method for selecting the loading and flow coefficients from the existing performance chart. Therefore, this study proposed a method to calculate the loading and flow coefficient based on the number of rotor vanes and thermodynamic design requirements. Preliminary design results using the proposed models were in fairly good agreement with the credible results using the commercial preliminary design software. Furthermore, a numerical analysis of the preliminary design results was carried out to verify the accuracy of the proposed preliminary design models, and most of the dependent variables, with the exception of the efficiency, were analyzed to meet the preliminary design conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2000

In this study we proposed a simple method for generating multi-site daily rainfall based on the 1-order Markov chain and considering the spatial correlation. The occurrence of rainfall is simulated by a simple 1st-order Markov chain and its intensity to be chosen randomly from the observed data. The spatial correlation between sites could be conserved as the rainfall intensity at each site is to be chosen consistently with the target site in time through generation. It is found that the generated daily rainfall data reproduce genera] characteristics of the observed data such as average, standard deviation, average number of wet and dry days, but the clustering level in time is somewhat loosened. Thus, the lag-I correlation coefficient of the generated data gave smaller value than the observed, also the average lengths of wet run and dry run and the wet-to-wet and dry-to-dry probabilities were a bit less than the observed. This drawback seems to be overcome somewhat by choosing a proper site representing overall basin characteristics or by use of more detailed states of rainfall occurrence.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 1994

The unproper development of the nearshore zone can enhance the diffusion of pollutant in the nearshore zone resulting in unbalanced sediment budget of beach which causes alteration of beach topography. Therefore, it is required to predict the effects of the envirnmental change quantitatively. In this paper, the depth-averaged and time-averaged energy balance equation is selected to acount for the wave transformation such as refraction, shoaling effect, the surf zone energy disipation, wave breaking index and bore, due to wave breaking in the shore region.(Numerical solutions are obtained by a finite difference method, ADI and Upwind. For the calculation of the wave-induced current, the unsteady nonlinear depth-averaged and time-averaged governing equation is derived based on the continuity and momentum equation for imcompressible fluid.) Numerical solutions are obtained by finite difference method considering influences of factors such as lateral mixing coefficient, bed shear stress, wave direction angle, wave steepness, wave period and bottom slope. The model is applied to the computation of wave transformation, wave-induced current and variation of mean water leel on a uniformly sloping beach.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2000

The purpose of thus paper is to provide the knowledge on preparing for the planting soil and planting method, and maintenance at the reclaimed seaside. Based on the collected data from the field work, the soil environment, the growth of height, inter-node, tree ring and roots of the two species had been analyzed. The determinant of soil factors, affecting the growth of trees, turned out to be six elements such as soil hardness, soil acidity, potassium, calcium, magnesium and total nitrogen. Because the variances of both growth of tree height and tree ring are greater than that of root, the growth characteristics of ground parts of the species by the individual tree species is more dynamical than those of underground parts. From the mean difference test the growth of height, root between Pinus thunbergii and Zelkova serrata, have been turned out to be statistically significant at 5 percent level. Pinus thunbergii is a sapling, so it grows faster than Zelkova serrata while Pinus thunbergii has better roots system than Zelkova serrata. From the correlation analysis, it showed the very strong correlation between tree height growth and potassim, while the lowest correlation coefficient was between soil hardness and potassim as 0.744. From the multiple regression analysis, both soil hardness and magnesium affect to the tree growth, soil hardness and potassium to the tree growth, potassium and calcium to the rot growth, respectively. Using this research results, we can be use the planting plan including revegetation, construction and maintenance of the reclaimed seaside. In the future, the planting method including the ground preparation and tree species selection for the reclaimed seaside should be accompanied in advanced through the soil survey and relevant analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.8C
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• pp.675-680
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• 2007

This paper presents a new method for classification of underwater transient signals, which employs frame-based decision with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCC). The MFCC feature vector is extracted frame-by-frame basis for an input signal that is detected as a transient signal, and Euclidean distances are calculated between this and all MFCC feature. vectors in the reference database. Then each frame of the detected input signal is mapped to the class having minimum Euclidean distance in the reference database. Finally the input signal is classified as the class that has maximum mapping rate in the reference database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is very promising for classification of underwater transient signals.