• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.461-471
• /
• 2015

The permeability is the most direct indicator to reflect the durability of concrete, and the testing methods based on external electric field can be used to evaluate concrete permeability rapidly. This study aims to use an experiment method to accurately predict the permeability of concrete box beam during service. The ion migration experiments and concrete surface resistivity are measured to evaluate permeability of five concrete box beams, and the relations between these results in service concrete and electric flux after 6 hours by ASTM C1202 in the laboratory are analyzed. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete, concrete surface resistivity and concrete 6 hours charge have good correlation relationship, which denote that the chloride diffusion coefficient and the surface resistivity of concrete are effective for evaluating the durability of concrete structures. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete is directly evaluated permeability of concrete box beam in service and may be used to predict the service life, which is fit to engineering applications and the concrete box beam is non-destructive. The concrete surface resistivity is easier available than the chloride diffusion coefficient, but it is directly not used to calculate the service life. Therefore the mathematical relation of the concrete surface resistivity and the concrete chloride diffusion coefficient need to be found, which the service life of reinforced concrete is obtained by the concrete surface resistivity.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.913-938
• /
• 2016

'Stepped building' frames, with vertical geometric irregularity, are now increasingly encountered in modern urban constructions. This paper proposes a new approach to determine the lateral load pattern, considering the contributions from the higher modes, suitable for pushover analysis of stepped buildings. Also, a modification to the displacement coefficient method of ASCE/SEI 41-13 is proposed, based on nonlinear time history analysis of 78 stepped frames. When the newly proposed load pattern is combined with the modified displacement coefficient method, the target displacement for the stepped building frame is found to match consistently the displacement demand given by the time history analysis.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2008

For measurement of tylosin, ammonia nitrogen, and glucose concentration during the culture of Streptomyces fradiae using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, the calibration using various mathematical models was performed and then, based on the linear model, the validation was carried out. In the case of sucrose concentration using the MLR method, the Standard Error of Prediction and Multiple correlation coefficient were 1.97, and 0.991, respectively. In the case of ammonia nitrogen concentration using the PLSR method, the Standard Error of Prediction and Multiple correlation coefficient were 0.13, and 0.990, respectively. In the case of tylosin concentration using the PLSR method, the standard Error of Prediction and Multiple correlation coefficient were 0.54, and 0.984, respectively.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.1137-1142
• /
• 2010

This paper studied the speech parameters less affected by the human emotion for the development of the robust speech recognition system. For this purpose, the effect of emotion on the speech recognition system and robust speech parameters of speech recognition system were studied using speech database containing various emotions. In this study, mel-cepstral coefficient, delta-cepstral coefficient, RASTA mel-cepstral coefficient and frequency warped mel-cepstral coefficient were used as feature parameters. And CMS (Cepstral Mean Subtraction) method were used as a signal bias removal technique. Experimental results showed that the HMM based speaker independent word recognizer using vocal tract length normalized mel-cepstral coefficient, its derivatives and CMS as a signal bias removal showed the best performance of 0.78% word error rate. This corresponds to about a 50% word error reduction as compare to the performance of baseline system using mel-cepstral coefficient, its derivatives and CMS.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.479-487
• /
• 2007

Many Papers of Customer Satisfaction are issued. Kano who have proposed 'Quality Dualism' for grasping of Customers' potential needs and Timko who have proposed 'Customer Satisfaction Coefficient' that made up for the weak points of Kano's model. The Measure of Timko which have weak points as well that does not consider the indifferent quality of the Kano's model. In this paper, we propose 'Total Customer Satisfaction Coefficient' that made up for the weak points of Timko's Customer Satisfaction Coefficient also Kano's Quality Dualism. And we have applied suggested method to department store.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2012

In this research, the value of consolidation index was investigated. The range of the investigated standard deviation was analyzed and the deviation based settlement was calculated. Also, the compression index, which is the effect of the uncertainty in the ground was analyzed using the flimsy ground construction method. The settlement behavior in each embankment compaction stage was analyzed by applying the precompression load method, drainage expediting method, and displacement method through numerical analysis. In addition to the above, the settlement behavior was studied by analyzing the Piled Raft method which is stable for long term settlement. As a result, the final settlement amount based on average analysis results was that the settlement based on each of the average interpretation value, mean value of the maximum and minimum value and average compression index was different. The result of the comparison shows the difference in variation coefficient by the difference in time. Amongst them, the Piled Raft method shows the most consistent variation coefficient regardless of time and it also was least affected by the compression index of uncertainty.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.371-384
• /
• 2020

A settlement prediction method based on shear wave velocity measurements and soil nonlinearity was recently developed and verified by means of centrifuge tests. However, the method was only applicable to heavily overconsolidated soil deposits under enlarged yield surfaces. In this study, the settlement evaluation method was refined to consider the stress history of the sublayer, based on an overconsolidation ratio evaluation technique, and thereby incorporate irrecoverable plastic deformation in the settlement calculation. A relationship between the small-strain shear modulus and overconsolidation ratio, which can be determined from laboratory tests, was adopted to describe the stress history of the subsurface. Based on the overconsolidation ratio determined, the value of an empirical coefficient that reflects the effect of plastic deformation over the elastic region is determined by comparing the overconsolidation ratio with the stress increment transmitted by the surface design load. The refined method that incorporate this empirical coefficient was successfully validated by means of centrifuge tests, even under normally consolidated loading conditions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2020

The hinge joint is the key to the overall cooperative working performance of the assembled beam bridge, and it is also the weakest part during the service period. This paper proposes a method for monitoring and evaluating the lateral cooperative working performance of fabricated beam bridges based on dynamic strain correlation coefficient indicator. This method is suitable for monitoring and evaluation of hinge joints status between prefabricated girders and overall cooperative working performance of bridge, without interruption of traffic and easy implementation. The remote cloud monitoring and diagnosis system was designed and implemented on a real assembled beam bridge. The algorithms of data preprocessing, online indicator extraction and status diagnosis were given, and the corresponding software platform and scientific computing environment for cloud operation were developed. Through the analysis of real bridge monitoring data, the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are proved and it can be used in the health monitoring system of such bridges.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.261-272
• /
• 2018

The commonly used TMD design method in the project assumes the TMD has pure linearity. However, in real engineering TMD will exhibit nonlinear behaviors. Without considering the nonlinearity of TMD, the control effect of the TMD that is designed by the linear design method, may be worse and even enlarge the structural response. In this paper, based on the previous study results of nonlinear TMD, the improved design method for engineering application is proposed. The linear design method and the improved design method are compared. Taking the best parameter obtained by the improved design method is less than or equal to 90% of that obtained by the original design method as the dividing line. The critical nonlinear coefficient, reaching which value the improved design method needs to be used, is given. Finally, numerical simulations on two engineering examples are conducted to proof the results.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2015

In this paper, several experiments are performed according to deep neural network (DNN) based features for the performance comparison of speaker verification (SV) systems. To this end, input features for a DNN, such as mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), linear-frequency cepstral coefficient (LFCC), and perceptual linear prediction (PLP), are first compared in a view of the SV performance. After that, the effect of a DNN training method and a structure of hidden layers of DNNs on the SV performance is investigated depending on the type of features. The performance of an SV system is then evaluated on the basis of I-vector or probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) scoring method. It is shown from SV experiments that a tandem feature of DNN bottleneck feature and MFCC feature gives the best performance when DNNs are configured using a rectangular type of hidden layers and trained with a supervised training method.