• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2021

본 연구는 코코아빈 가공과정에서 발생되는 부산물(by-product)인 코코아빈 허스크의 기능성식품소재로써 가능성과, 소시지의 냉장보관 중 저장성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 코코아빈 허스크 분말 추출물의 항산화활성을 알아보고, 코코아빈 허스크 분말을 첨가한 소시지(0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%, ascorbic acid 0.2%)를 제조하여 15일간(0, 5, 10, 15 일) 품질특성 변화를 살펴보았다. 카카오빈 허스크 분말 추출물의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 126.6 mg TAE/g와 80.19 mg QUE/g으로 측정되었으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 IC₅₀은 44.28 ㎍/mL, ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거활성 IC₅₀은 112.26 ㎍/mL으로 높은 항산화활성을 확인했다. 소시지의 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거활성은 코코아빈 허스크 첨가량에 따라 높아졌다(p<0.001). 저장 기간 동안 코코아빈 허스크 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH 상승, redness 변색, 지질산화, 단백질변패, 조직감 변화 등과 같은 품질저하에 대한 억제효과를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 특히 1% 소시지는 ascorbic acid 소시지와 유사한 지방산패(TBARS) 및 단백질변패(VBN)를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 생균수 측정에서는 실험군 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 관능적 특성에서는 향미기호도와 전반적인 기호도를 증가시켜 0.5%와 1% 첨가 소시지가 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 결론적으로 코코아빈 허스크를 소시지에 1% 첨가할 경우 페놀화합물 함량, 항산화활성, 지질산화 및 단백질 변패 억제 효과를 향상시킴으로써 소시지의 가치를 높일 수 있으며, 코코아빈 허스크는 기능성식품 소재로써 이용 가능성이 높다고 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.654-658
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• 2000

Coca bean을 마이크로파로 roasting하고 그 향기성분의 변화를 methyl pyrazine류를 중심으로 살펴보고 이를 상법으로 roasting한 경우와 비교해 보았다. 전자렌지를 개조하여 마이크로파 roasting system을 설계하여 실험에 사용하였고 열전쌍을 이용한 온도측정법으로 cocoa bean의 품온을 측정하였다. 마이크로파 roasting은 roasting 시간을 30분으로 고정하고 온도를 110, 120, 130, 140 및 $150^{\circ}C$로 변화시킨 경우와 roasting 온도를 $130^{\circ}C$로 고정하고 roasting 시간을 5, 10, 20 및 30분으로 변화시킨 경우로 구분하여 행하였다. 상법 roasting은 $120^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 실시하였다. Methyl pyrazine 류의 함량과 함량비는 마이크로파 roasting 온도 및 rosting 시간에 영향을 받았으며 적정한 methyl pyrazine류의 비는 $140^{\circ}C$ 30분 roasting에서 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.814-821
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• 2000

마이크로웨이브를 이용한 cocoa bean의 roasting을 수행하여 pH, 적정산도, 색의 변화, 갈변도, 유기산의 변화, 당조성의 변화를 조사하였다. pH는 roasting 온도와 시간에 따른 변화가 거의 없었고 적정산도 역시 roasting 여부에 따른 차이는 있었으나 roasting 온도와 시간에 따른 차이는 거의 없었다. 색의 변화, 갈변도, 당조성은 roasting 온도와 시간에 따라 변화하였으나 대조군과 비교하였을 때 변화의 폭이 작았고 이로부터 Maillard reaction이 대조군에 비해 덜 일어난 것으로 판단되었다. 유기산은 raw bean에 비해 roasting을 한 모든 시료에서 증가하였으며 그 정도는 유기산의 종류에 따라 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2015

Pregermination treatment of cocoa beans either with the testa, group PCB (+T), or without the testa, group PCB (-T), was studied here to determine whether this treatment (incubation up to 120 h at $25^{\circ}C$) has any effect on the levels of allergenic proteins or on chemical composition. Our proximate analysis included carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. We used western blotting to measure changes in the amounts of allergenic proteins in the cocoa beans during the pregermination treatment. The protein and carbohydrate content of both groups (with or without the testa) decreased slightly during this treatment, whereas lipid content increased. Group PCB (-T) showed more rapid metabolic processes than did group PCB (+T) during the pregermination treatment. Western blot analysis showed that the cocoa beans contained an allergenic protein of ~28 kDa. Removal of the testa strongly reduced the amount of this allergenic protein after 72 h of the pregermination treatment. Generally, the pregermination treatment increased antioxidant activity in both groups. Significant differences in the antioxidant activity were observed between groups PCB (-T) and PCB (+T). Particularly, group PCB (-T) showed high antioxidant activity at 72 h of the pregermination treatment. Thus, the combination of cocoa beans without the testa and pregermination treatment (72 h) seems to be the optimal method for production of hypoallergenic cocoa beans rich in antioxidants for patients with allergic disorders.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.742-755
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• 2019

Cacao bean husk (Theobroma cacao L.) contains a high level of dietary fiber and therefore can be used as raw material in food processing. The objective of the present study was to measure the physicochemical properties and sensory traits of emulsion-type pork sausages with various levels of cacao bean husk powder (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, and 2%). The moisture content in cooked sausages increased as the level of cacao bean husk power increased, whereas the protein content decreased (p<0.05). With respect to color, as the level of cacao bean husk power increased, there was a decrease in lightness and yellowness, but there was a considerable increase in redness (p<0.05). Cacao bean husk powder exhibited a positive effect on emulsion stability and apparent viscosity. In the sensory evaluation, increased level of cacao bean husk increased flavor acceptability; the 0.75% and 1% treatment groups showed significantly high overall acceptability (p<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reactive species content of cooked sausages indicated that with the addition of cacao bean husk powder significantly inhibited lipid oxidation in the sausages during refrigerated storage (p<0.05). Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that adding 0.75% and 1% cacao bean husk powder as a natural ingredient in sausages can help develop meat products with excellent qualities.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2000

Caffeine is widely consumed ingredient and it belongs to alkaloids. Many foods that we intake contain caffeine ; coffee, tea cocoa, chocolate, and coke. And it is also added to many commercial remedies ; cold tablets, headache tablets, etc. Effect of caffeine that is known to us so far is as follows; 1. Remaining awake for long hours 2. Increasing concentration and decreasing fatigue 3. Increasing basal metabolic rate 4. decomposing glycogen and body fat and providing energy 5. Stimulating gastric acid 6. Increasing urinary excretion. Caffeine containing beverages(especially, coffee)are also favorite food in adult. In case of children and youth, chocolate and coke are favorite food. So, to intake caffeine containing foods moderately can be a vitality of life. But, a long-term intake or overdose of caffeine can result in many side effects. For example, headache, irritability, restlessness, hypertension, fetal abnormality, etc. Therefore, it is desirable that caffeine intake is under 300-400mg per day. To decrease intake of caffeine, 1. Use decaffeinated coffee 2. Product of decaffeinated coffee bean through gene transformation 3. Indicate content and function of caffeine on caffeine-food container 4. Provide an information of caffeine to public.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1027-1031
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• 2001

반려동물(Pets)들은 캔디(Candies), 케이크(Cakes), 쿠키(Cookies), 땅콩이 박힌 초코렛과자(Brownies), 빵재료(예 : 초코렛 칩스, 분말 코코아)와 카카오 원두 덮개(Cacao beans mulches)들을 포함, 광범위하고 다양한 초코렛과 코코아 제품들에 노출되어 질 수가 있다. 놀랄것도 없이, 반려동물들에서의 대부분의 사고발생적인 초코렛에의 노출들은 공휴일들 즉, 특히 발렌타이데이(Valentine's day), 부활절(Easter), 만성제전야제(핼로윈축제, Halloween) 및 성탄절에 발생한다. 카카오콩깍지 덮개(cocoa bean hull mulches)들은 많은 개들에게 매력적이고 그것들을 파헤쳐질때 섭취되어질 수가 있다. 이러한 개들의 무차별성 습관때문에 고양이보다 훨씬 더 영향을 끼치고 있는게 일반적이다. 초코렛속에 독성화합물들은 메칠크산틴(Methylxanthines)과 특히 디오브로민(Theobromine)과 카페인(Caffeine)이다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate correlation with food preference of subjects in three constitution groups on the view point of constitutional medicine. The constitutions of 124 college students(male 80, female 44) was classified by QSCC II method. Food preference of the subjects was surveyed in accordance with suggested foods for each constitution and was analyzed using Hedonic scale. The distribution of the constitutional revealed that Soeum individuals accounts 53%, followed by ; Soyang 19%, Taeum 28%. For men, sorghum, potatoes, beef, scombroid, oyster, saury, octopus, codfish, walleye pollack, shrimp, croaker, pineapple, eggplant, leek, pumpkin, toenjang, draft beer, diluted liquor, coffee, cocoa were statistically different in food preference score by sasang constitution(p<0.05). For woman, chicken, pollack roe, a walleye pollack, persimmon, jujube, melon, citron, celery, burdock, vinegar, bean-paste soup, draft beer, ginseng, honey were statistically different in food preference score by sasang constitution(p<0.05). Association of sasang constitutions and food thought to be harmful or healthy to each constitution was analyzed. But Food preference score of food thought to be harmful or healthy were not statistically different in score among sasang constitutions. This results suggested that food intake patterns of subjects were associated with sasang constitutional food in parts.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2006

큰느타리버섯의 병재배 시에 생산 단가의 절감과 배지 다양화의 측면에서 대용할 수 있는 재료를 탐색하고 균사 생장률을 높일 수 있는 배지 조성을 찾기 위하여 본 실험에서는 주재료(톱밥 수종), 첨가재료, 무기염류, 활성물질을 대체 첨가하여 큰느타리버섯의 균사 생장률을 비교하였다. 기본배지의 건비지를 대신하여서 감자전분, 야자박, 단백피 탈지대두분, 면실피, 계분을 비율을 조정하여 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였고 특히, 탈지대두분 2~8% 첨가와 계분의 2% 첨가는 기본배지보다 균사생장에 효과적임을 확인하였다. 또한 기본배지의 미송톱밥에 대해 활엽수 톱밥을 대용할 수 있는 것으로 확인하였고 25.2%로 혼합할 때 가장 효과적이었다. 무기염류 실험에서는 $CaCO_3$, 2~3%, $K_2CO_3$, 0.2%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.1%, $MnSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ 0.05%의 농도로 첨가하였을 때 균사생장에 효과적이었다. 활성 물질들은 그 비용에 대한 충분한 효과를 볼 수 없었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2021

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are increasingly becoming interested in health and environmental issues. Therefore, the sale of vegan or vegetarian products has been increasing over the last few years, as well as interest in non-dairy plant-based milk that can replace cow's milk. Furthermore, the global food industry has developed an interest in such products, considering the recent changes in consumer trends. In Korea, various products are being launched annually due to the increasing interest in non-dairy plant-based milk. However, research with regard to the quality and type of products produced in Korea is still at the preliminary stage when compared to those in the United States and Europe. Therefore, the present review has summarized non-dairy plant-based milk analogues based on the following key aspects. First, the types of non-dairy plant-based milk analogues and their production technologies (in the order of almond milk > cocoa milk > coconut milk > hemp milk > kidney bean milk > oat milk > peanut milk > rice milk, and soy milk). Second, the current status and future prospects for non-dairy plant-based milk analogues. Third, recent trends and future challenges associated with the production and quality improvement of non-dairy plant-based milk analogues. Fourth, the current status and outlook of the non-dairy plant-based milk analogue market in Korea. In conclusion, the present review could provide the food industry with valuable information regarding non-dairy plant-based milk analogues to facilitate the development of related products. Data were obtained from previously published studies.