• 제목/요약/키워드: cochlodinium

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Marine Environments in the Neighborhood of the Narodo as the First Outbreak Region of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Blooms (Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조의 최초발생해역인 나로도 주변 해역의 해양환경)

  • Lee, Moon-Ock;Moon, Jin-Han
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.113-123
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    • 2008
  • We have analyzed a long term data of marine environments, red tide information and meteorology acquired by NFRDI and KMA, in order to understand the characteristics of marine environments in the Narodo coastal waters which is known to be the first outbreak region of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms. During the period of from 1992 to 2007, Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms have first occurred more often in August. However, the outbreak time of the blooms tended to be earlier annually, and in addition, the surface salinity also had a tendency to increase. Consequently, it suggested that there might be a relationship between the transition of the outbreak time of the blooms and salinity. On the other hand, insolation was relatively rich but precipitation was relatively scarce in Gohung Province, compared to Yeosu or Tongyeong, when Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms first occur in Narodo coastal waters. Average water temperature and salinity in August in Narodo coastal waters were all higher than those in Gamak and Jinhae bays, suggesting that Narodo coastal waters are a region of relatively high water temperature and high salinity. Also, concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll- a were significantly low than those in Jinhae Bay, which is known to be a eutrophicated region, while the overall water quality seemed to be similar to Gamak Bay. The results of PCA(Principal Component Analysis) proved that insolation and water temperature are the most important factors for the outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in Narodo coastal waters while concentrations of COD and dissolved oxygen are secondly important. Furthermore, typhoons also appeared to be one of most important factors for the outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms.

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In-situ and remote observation of Cochlodinium.p blooms and consequences of physical features off the Korean coast

  • Ahn Yu-Hwan;Shanmugam P.;Ryu Joo-Hyung
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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    • pp.553-556
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    • 2004
  • Spatial and temporal aspects of toxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium.p blooms and consequences of physical features in complex coastal ecosystems, off the southern Korean coast, have been investigated using data obtained from SeaWiFS and AVHRR as well as in-situ observations. Hydrographic parameters measured using CTD sensors were used to elucidate physical factors affecting the spatial distribution and abundance of Cochlodinium.p blooms. The results show spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature (SST) and reveal significant information about Cochlodinium.p blooms and process underlying their evolution. Satellitederived Chl-a estimates appear to be potential in explicating the evolution, movement and distribution of Cochlodinium.p blooms in the enclosed bays of the South Sea. The existence of thromohaline waters offshore provide favorable conditions for the rapid growth and subsequent southward initiation of Cochlodinium.p blooms that are influenced to flow on the offshore branch (OB) during September. It was observed that there was a significant variation in the sun-induced chlorophyll-a fluorescence signal in the remote sensing fluorescence spectra and its high-intensity was recognized during the period of exponential growth and physical transport. Satellite-derived Chl-a concentration during September 1999 ranged between $3­60mg/m^3$ inside the Jin-hae and adjacent Bays and $1-6mg/m^3$ in offshore waters, with varying Cochlodinium.p abundances 1500 to 26000 cells $ml^{-1}.$ The closely spaced CTD surveys and satellite-derived SST give a complete overview on the initiation of Cochlodinium.p blooms in hydrodynamically active regions of the offshore southern East Sea by the influence of Tsushima Warm Current (TWC).

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Use of Molecular Detection Technique for Red Tide Warning of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조출현주의보 발령에 분자탐침기법의 활용)

  • PARK, TAE GYU;WON, KYOUNG MI;KIM, WON JIN
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.44-47
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    • 2016
  • Real-time PCR was applied to early warning of red tide. For early warning of red tide at $10cells\;mL^{-1}$, Cochlodinium polykrikoides specific real-time PCR was used as a complement of microscopy that has a lower detection sensitivity. C. polykrikoides appeared extensively in Tongyeong, Namhae waters at low densities in the end of June, and early warning of C. polyrkrikoides blooms was issued on 2 August 2015.

Isolation of a Specific Antigen Protein on Cell Membrane of Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Red Bloom (적조생물 Cochlodinium polykrikoides의 세포표면 특이항원 단백질의 분리)

  • 김광현;한창희;이재훈;김병우;이복규
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.320-324
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    • 2002
  • To establish a rapidly immunochemical identification on a dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a specific antigenic protein as a maker on the cell membrane was isolated. The cell membranes of C. polykrikoides and Gymnodinium sangineum were harvested by centrifugation after osmotic shock. The membrane proteins of both cells were solubilized in 50 mM Na-carbonate contained 1 mM DTT, and separated the proteins on SDS-PACE. Immune-blot on the solubilized membrane proteins of the both cells was performed with antiserum against the solubilized membrane proteins of C. polykrikoides. A 120 kDa membrane protein of C. polykrikoides had remarkablely different antigenicity from that of G. sangineum.

Response of Oxygen Consumption and Gill Tissue of Fish Exposed to Red Tide Organism Cochlodinium polykrikoides (적조생물 Cochlodinium polykrikoides에 노출된 어류의 산소 소모량 및 조직 변화)

  • Shim, Jeong-Min;Lee, Chu;Lee, Yong-Hwa;Kim, Bong-Suck
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.1283-1289
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    • 2009
  • Eco-physiological research and the control of Cochlodinium polykrikoides was carried out to elucidate eco-physiological characteristics of red tide organism through culture experiment depending on the condition of photon irradiance. Oxygen consumption of C. polykrikoides was high with a value of 1.12 mg/L/hr in the dark compared with that of 0.13 mg/L/hr at $100{\mu}mEm^{-2}s^{-1}$. DO values in a circular chamber with the lapse of time in seawater containing C. polykrikoides were declined in the dark period. DO values of seawater containing C. polykrikoides in the dark were declined from 7.01 mg/L to 2.65 mg/L in 30 cm depth and from 7.01 mg/L to 6.63 mg/L in 5 cm depth depending on the depth of circular culture vessel. Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and file fish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer exposed to Cochlodinium showed the separation of the lamella epithelium from gill filament, which disrupted the respiratory process at the gill level.

A thought experiment on the Cochlodinium bloom in Korean waters (한국해역 Cochlodinium의 이상증식에 대한사고실험)

  • 이동섭
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 2004
  • Chronic Cochlodinium blooms in the southern waters of Korea have brought about considerable economic losses for about a decade, This paper aims to reframe current perspectives on the outbreak mechanism and the remediation schemes through a thought experiment in a context of mass balance and mathematical ecology. Far different explanations emerge from a careful examination of the scientifically unnoticed clues and a through discussion on the phytoplankton conservation equation. Logic of the eutrophication-induced red tide subjects to criticism. It is strongly recommended that the current remediation scheme to exterminate the target species should be rerouted to an environmentally sound competition enhancement tactics. Finally a novel convergence-float-aggregation hypothesis is proposed as an outbreak mechanism.

Removal of Cochlodinium polykrikoides using the Dredged Sediment from a Coastal Fishery (연안어장 준설퇴적물을 이용한 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 제거)

  • Sun, Young-Chul;Kim, Myoung-Jin;Song, Young-Chae;Ko, Seong-Jeong;Hwang, Eung-Ju;Jo, Q-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2010
  • In the present study, experiments have been performed to investigate the possibility of removing Cochlodinium polykrikoides using the dredged sediment from a coastal fishery and then to derive the optimal conditions; the amount and particle size of dredged sediment besprinkled into water, the thermal treatment, the types and amounts of additives, and the depth profile of Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Results showed that the optimal amount of dredged sediment besprinkled into water was 6~10 g/L, and the removal efficiency of Cochlodinium polykrikoides after the reaction time for 60 min was 73~93%. Note that, in the real sea water, it is necessary to besprinkle 6~10 $kg/m^3$ of dry dredged sediment on a unit area (1 $m^2$). With decreasing particle size, Cochlodinium polykrikoides could be more efficiently removed. The removal efficiency was 93% with the dredged sediment smaller than 100 ${\mu}m$, whereas it was 51% with that of 100 ${\mu}m$ ${\mu}m$. Since most of dredged sediment (over 90%) was smaller than 100 ${\mu}m$, high efficiency could be obtained by besprinkling only the dredged sediment without pre-treatment. CaO was found to be an effective additive in promoting the removal efficiency (up to 99%). The optimal amount of additive was 5~10%, however, it was necessary to use as small amount of an additive as possible in order to avoid the sharp increase in pH. The removal efficiency increased with increasing depth profile of Cochlodinium polykrikoides. The removal efficiency was 83% at 5 cm depth, whereas it was 93% at 50 cm depth. In the sea water, red tide occurred within 3 m depth, and furthermore most Cochlodinium polykrikoides existed within 1 m depth. It was, therefore, expected that higher removal efficiency of Cochlodinium polykrikoides could be obtained when the dredged sediment was besprinkled into the sea water. The removal efficiency of Cochlodinium polykrikoides was up to 93% when the dredged sediment (<100 ${\mu}m$) was besprinkled into water at the ratio of 10 g/L. This result was comparable to that obtained with loess (90~97%). All the results in the present study indicated that the dredged sediment from a coastal fishery could be successfully used as a substitute of loess for removing the red tide alga.

Report on Protoperidinium sp. fed on Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) (Cochlodinium 적조생물을 포식하는 Protoperidinium sp.)

  • Cho, Eun-Seob
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.385-386
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    • 2006
  • In 2005, harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides was first occurred on July 18 and disappeared on September 12 in the Yeosu waters of the South Sea of Korea. During C. polykrikoides blooms, the species of Protoperidinium was isolated from Jabong Island in Yeosu in the middle of August, 2005. The surface water temperature at the sampling site was $25^{\circ}C$, and salinity was 33.1 psu. The specimen was somewhat large in size and was longer than its width. The shape was close to being ovoid, with an apical horn. This study discovered cells with colorless and transparent ingested chain-forming C. polykrikoides. However, this species was not abundant, implying low grazing impact on C. polykkoides.

적조생물 Cochlodinium polykrikoides의 광량에 따른 산소소비변화 및 어류 아가미에 미치는 영향

  • Sim, Jung-Min;Lee, Ju;Kim, Bong-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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    • 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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    • pp.446-447
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    • 2001
  • Cochlodinium polykrikoides는 1995년에는 전남 고흥군 연안에서 발생한 적조는 동의 강릉연안까지 광범위한 해역에 발생하여 750여억 원의 엄청난 재산상의 피해를 가져 왔다(Kim et al., 1997). Cochlodinium의 생태적인 특징과 관련된 어류패사 기구에 대한 연구에 의하면 Cochlodinium이 분비하는 점액성분에 의한 호흡곤란과 질식(Lee, 1996), 유해활성산소와 관련된 산화적 반응에 따른 아가미 기능 저하(Kim et al, 2000) 및 독성물질에 의한 폐사(Onoue et al., 1985; Yuki and Yoshimatsu, 1989) 등이 보고되었으나, 아직까지 명확한 폐사 원인은 구명되지 않았다. (중략)

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Physiological Responses of Cultured Red Seabream Pagrus major and Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus During Exposure to the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (적조 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 노출에 따른 양식산 참돔과 넙치의 생리학적 반응 )

  • Hyo-Won, Kim;Hyun Woo, Gil;Young Jae, Choi;Yun Kyung, Shin
    • Journal of Marine Life Science
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 2022
  • The present study investigated the survival rate, respiration rate, plasma stress index, and histological changes according to exposure time of cultured red seabream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide. Fish cultured in natural seawater were used as the control group. Cochlodinium polykrikoides density was set to 5,500±200 cells·ml-1 in the experimental groups. All red seabreams died within 1 hour of exposure to red tide, whereas all olive flounders died within 5 hours of exposure. Analysis of physiological response revealed that in red seabream, plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations were increased; plasma glucose and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration were decreased. Meanwhile, in olive flounders, plasma cortisol, GOT, and GPT concentrations were increased; plasma glucose concentrations were increased during the first hour of exposure, followed by decrease after 5 hours; and plasma SOD, CAT, and GPx concentrations decreased during the first hour of exposure. Histological analysis revealed structural damage to the gills of both red seabream and olive flounder. In conclusion, the exposure of red seabream and olive flounder to Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide at the density of 5,500 cells·ml-1 induces oxidative stress, which activates antioxidant defense mechanisms, ultimately leading to liver and gill damage.