• 제목/요약/키워드: coastal zone management

검색결과 119건 처리시간 0.024초

부산 연안역 탄소저장량 및 경제적 가치 평가 (Evaluation of Carbon Storage and Economic Value in the Busan Coastal Zone)

  • 정세화;정진욱;임유림;성기준
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.651-658
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    • 2022
  • 전 세계적으로 기후변화에 대응하기 위해 탄소중립 달성을 위한 전략 중 하나인 생태계와 생태자원을 활용하여 탄소를 저감하는 자연기반해법 방안에 관한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생태계서비스 기반의 평가 모델인 InVEST Carbon, Coastal Blue Carbon 모델을 이용하여 부산 연안 육역과 연안 해역을 대상으로 탄소저장량 추정 및 경제적 가치 평가를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 부산 연안 육역은 부산 전체 육역과 비교하여 단위면적당 탄소저장량이 적으며, 현재 추진 중이거나 계획된 개발이 완료되면 탄소저장량은 더 감소할 것으로 나타났다. 연안 해역은 육역과 비교해 탄소저장량이 적은 것으로 나타났지만, 향후 생태자원을 활용하는 자연기반해법의 잠재성은 크다. 하지만 공유수면 매립과 같은 개발 행위로 탄소저장량이 많은 중요 서식지에 영향을 줄 경우, 탄소저장량의 감소를 초래하며 이러한 부정적인 영향이 장기적으로 지속될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 부산 연안역의 지속가능한 관리를 위하여 탄소저장량을 고려한 생태계서비스 기반의 관리 전략이 필요하다.

Coral Reefs in Indonesia: A Review on Anthropogenic and Natural Disturbances

  • Meinita, Maria Dyah Nur
    • 한국해양바이오학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2007
  • Coral reefs are among the most dynamic and various ecosystems on tropical ecosystem. They provide a large number of important ecosystem services. Despite their importance, they appear to be one of the most susceptible marine ecosystems. Dramatic decreasing of coral reefs has been reported from every part of the world. Indonesia contains 18% of coral reefs of world's total. Unfortunately the status of coral reefs in Indonesia is already in critical and poor condition. Coral reefs communities in Indonesia are subjected to a variety of environmental disturbance. Threats to Indonesia's coral reefs resources can be divided into two main types: anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The major anthropogenic disturbances on coral reefs in Indonesia are destructive fishing, pollution, coastal development, mining and harvesting live fish and coral, tourism. The natural disturbances such as cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and predator also contribute to coral reefs destruction in Indonesia. In my paper I tried to compare between natural and anthropogenic disturbances on coral reefs in Indonesia and raised these questions: (i) how the natural disturbances differ from anthropogenic area (ii) which type of disturbances has caused the greatest impact on coral reef ecosystem. My finding is that both of anthropogenic and natural disturbances give major impact on coral reefs in Indonesia. The important issue here is coral reef resilience could be disturbed by synergistic effects between various anthropogenic and natural disturbances. This phenomenon has significant conservation and management implication. The appropriate management should be conducted to protect coral reefs ecosystem in Indonesia. Mangrove management will succeed only when local people are involved and get sustainable benefits from mangrove ecosystem. Community based management and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are type of management that can be applied on coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia.

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Presence of benthic dinoflagellates around coastal waters of Jeju Island including newly recorded species

  • Shah, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman;An, So-Jung;Lee, Joon-Baek
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.347-370
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    • 2013
  • A study on the presence of benthic dinoflagellates in the intertidal zone along the coasts of Jeju Island, Korea was conducted during 2011 and 2012. Identification and taxonomic observations were made of the benthic dinoflagellate samples using light and epifluorescence microscopy. Thirty-seven dinoflagellate taxa belong to five orders, nine families, 18 genera and 30 species, which are new records for Korean waters, were detected in this study. The detailed nomenclature, references, distribution, and illustrations are presented here. The commonly occurring genera were Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, and Thecadinium. Among the recorded species, 26 were found only in sand sediment, seven in macroalgal samples, and four were found in both sand and macroalgal samples. Of the 37 species, nine were potentially toxic. These results suggest that diversified benthic dinoflagellates including several potentially toxic species occur in sand sediment and macroalgae in the intertidal zone along the coasts of Jeju Island. The morphological features of the identified species were more or less similar to observations made by previous studies in Korea and elsewhere. The presence of known toxic species may indicate a potential risk of toxicity in the marine ecosystem of Jeju Island. The present study can be helpful for further detailed taxonomic, toxicological, molecular phylogenetic studies and may help in the management and conservation of Jeju Island's marine ecosystem.

국제해양법상 인공섬, 시설 및 구조물 제도의 쟁점과 우리나라의 입법태도에 관한 고찰 -배타적 경제수역 및 대륙붕을 중심으로 (Legal Issues Relating to Artificial Islands, Installations and Structures in the Exclusive Economic Zone or on the Continental Shelf and Korea's Practice)

  • 이용희
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.353-365
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    • 2014
  • Artificial islands, installations and structures have been used as a major means for ocean development and management since the early 20th century. The International legal regime to regulate the man-made offshore structures also have evolved and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) acts as a basic international instrument for that purpose. Although the Convention includes more detailed provisions on man-made offshore structures, there are some legal issues regarding jurisdiction of coastal State on the man-made offshore structures in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) or on the Continental shelf. For this reason, this article begins by reviewing the 1958 Convention on the Continental shelf and the UNCLOS by focusing on the EEZ and the Continental shelf regime governing the man-made offshore structures. It next examines some controversial international legal issues that have emerged from the regulation of man-made offshore structures in the EEZ or on the Continental shelf. This is followed by a review of the Korean domestic laws regulating artificial islands, installations and structures in the EEZ or on the continental shelf. Finally, it closes by summarizing the findings of the above examinations, and suggests some recommendations for future works.

한.중.일 다자간 어업협력체 구성방안 연구 (A Study on the Construction of the Multiple Fishery Cooperation System Between Korea, China and Japan)

  • 심호진
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.81-108
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    • 2008
  • Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.

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미국의 해안관리 -New Jerseyization의 반성과 연방정부 연안역관리 프로그램의 확산- (Coastal Zone Management in the United States of America)

  • 유근배
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.481-496
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    • 2009
  • 해안은 다양한 지형 프로세스와 역사, 문화가 어우러져 지역에 따라 독특한 문화경관을 나타내고 있다. 미국 동부 해안을 따라 발달된 사주 섬은 문화경관의 지역적 차이를 잘 보여주고 있다. 사주 섬의 토지이용을 살펴보면, 1970년대 초에 조지아에서 5%, 노스캐롤라이나에서 14%, 그리고 뉴저지에서 47%가 도시적으로 이용되었다. 19세기 중반부터 개발되기 시작한 뉴저지의 해안지역에서는 성장억제책이 부족했고, 입법 활동에서 미래 해안환경에 대한 통찰력을 결여했기 때문에 많은 지역에서 자연 해빈이 대부분 사라지는 뉴저지제이션 현상이 발생했다. 노스캐롤라이나는 해안관리와 입법과정에서 탁월한 지혜를 보여 해안의 자연성을 회복해나가고 있다. 조지아 해안은 남북전쟁 이후 독특한 토지이용으로 자연성을 회복하였고, 1970년 이후 대부분의 사주 섬이 학술기관이나 환경보호 관련 기관의 관리로 이전되어 16개 가운데 9개의 사주 섬은 야생상태를 유지하고 있다.

신해양질서 10년후 세계어업자원 이용동향 (The Exploitation of World Fishery Resources for 10 Years under the New Regime in the Sea)

  • 이장욱;허영희
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.43-87
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    • 1992
  • In this paper, state of exploitation of world fishery resources after 10 years under the new regime in the sea, called the era of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) expending up to a 200 nautical miles from coastal line, was reviewed to determine effect from establishing EEZ in the world fishery production and its export/import volume based on the fishery statistics annually published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation. The world total production from marine living resources had a trend showing a waned increase during 1970's when most of coastal states were translated into the reality of EEZ. From mid-1980's onwards, it increased rapidly, reaching about 85 million tons . Such increase in production was basically from the Pacific Ocean, accounting for more than 60% of the world total production. Fishing areas where showed increase in the production after the new regime in the sea were the southwestern Atlantic (FAO area 41) , the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) and the whole fishing areas in the Pacific except the eastern central Pacific (FAO area 77). Increase in the production from distant-water fishing countries came from the regions of the southwest Atlantic (FAO area 41) and the southwest Pacific (FAO area 81) . The production from coastal states was up from the regions of the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) , the northwest and northeast Pacific (FAO areas 61 and 67) and the southeast Pacific (FAO area 87) . It was likely that the exploitation of the fishable stocks was well monitored in the areas of the northwest Atlantic (FAO area 21) , the eastern central Atlantic (FAO area 34) and the northeast Pacific (FAO area 67) through appropriate management measures such as annual harvest level, establishment of total allowable catch etc. The marine fisheries resources that have made contribution to the world production, despite expansion of 200 EEZ by coastal states, were sardinellas, Atlantic cod, blue whiting and squids in the Atlantic Ocean : tunas which mainly include skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna, croakers and pony fishes in the Indian Ocean : and sardine, Chilean pilchard, Alaska pollock, tunas (skipjack and yellowfin tuna) , blue grenadier and blue whiting including anchoveta in the Pacific Ocean. It was identified that both fishery production and its export since introduction of the new regime in the sea were dominated by such coastal states as USA, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Newzealand. But difficulties have been experienced in the European countries including Norway, Spain, Japan and Rep. of Korea. Therefore, majority of coastal states are unlikely to have yet undertaken proper utilization as well as rational management of marine living resources in their jurisdiction during the last two decades. The main target species groups which led the world fishery production to go up were Alaska pollock, cods, tunas, sardinellas, chub and jack mackerel and anchoveta. These stocks are largely expected to continue to contribute to the production. The fisheries resources which are unexploited, underexploited and/or lightly exploited at present and which will be contributed to the world production in future are identified with cephalopods, Pacific jack mackerel and Atlantic mackerel, silver hake including anchovies. These resources mainly distribute in the Pacific regions, especially FAO statistical fishing areas 67, 77 and 87. It was likely to premature to conclude that the new regime in the sea was only in favour of coastal states in fishey production.

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황해(黃海)와 동중국해어장(東中國海漁場)의 수산자원(水産資源) 보존관리(保存管理)에 관한 해양법문제(海洋法問題) (Law of the Sea Problems on Fishery Resources Conservation and Management in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea)

  • 이병기;최종화
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.77-91
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    • 1994
  • The Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are the most important fishing grounds for the fishing industry of Korea, China and Japan which are major coastal states of these Seas. But the fishery resources in these fishing grounds are almost exhausted and also the sea region is seriously polluted. Accordingly an international joint countermeasure is necessary to recover the fishery resources and to keep the fishery a continuous industry. The authors inspected the existing fishery policies and international fishery relationship of the three coastal states, and suggested rational conservation and management regime of the fishery resources in these sea regions. 1. At present the legal status of the sea region beyond territorial sea is the high sea, for that reason the international cooperation is urgently needed to establish common regime for conservation and management of the fishery resources. 2. A series of scientific research on ecological system of fishery resources must be carried out in the sea region first of all for that purpose. 3. The existing Korea-Japanese Fishery Agreement and Sino-Japanese Fishery Agreement should be reformed to coincide with the new legal order of the UNLOS Convention, and the Sino-Korean Fishery Agreement should be concluded newly on the identical line. 4. As a conclusion, a joint conservation and management regime through a regional fishery organization or a individual conservation and management regime through the promulgation of exclusive economic zone by each state can be suggested to resolve the fishery resources conservation problem in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.

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동북아지역 국제어업협력체제의 구축과 운영방향 (Establishment and future prospects of new international fisheries regime in Northeast Asian region)

  • 최정윤;최종화
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 1999
  • In the Northeast Asian region fisheries agreements of the past regarding high seas as an agreement area were transformed or new agreements were introduced in order to conform to the EEZ regime. However, the existing joint regulatory zone which “open” status is somewhat similar to the high sea not only disappear, but also two new systems were established. To begin with, parties of the agreement claimed their EEZs to be from the territorial sea baselines to the extent set forth, problem of the fishery access of the other party under the agreement is to be solved on the principle of reciprocity and on recognizing of the catch results achieved in the past. In regards to the overlapping zones like neutral zone of the East Sea of Korea(Sea of Japan) and neutral zone to the south of the Cheju Island, provisional measures zones in the Yellow Sea and in the East China Sea, and transitional zone of the Yellow Sea special fisheries management systems reflecting the legal character of the zone involved are applied. Moreover, as fisheries agreements defining open sea as an agreement zone are not able to conform to the EEZ regime, so new fisheries agreements must be taken out from old systems and conceptions, and must be understood and enforced from the new point view. Therefore, countermeasures needed to do so should be developed, and their basic structure is as follows. Firstly, the basic concept of the EEZ regime requires that the coastal states have sovereign rights on their sea zones' natural resources and bear responsibilities appropriate to their allowed jurisdiction. Each Northeast Asian state should adjust the structure of fishing industries and employ advanced fisheries management system, and should make efforts toward such issues of the state policy as increasing fishery resources and preserving ocean environment. Secondly, measures should be developed to solve the international fisheries disputes which are to occur under enforcement of the new fisheries agreements system. In regards to the acts of violation the fisheries laws in the foreign EEZ the principle of jail sentence prohibition is established by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and every fisheries agreement reflects this principle. Therefore, the present question is to consider concrete measures to enable the easy release of the seamen, who violated fisheries laws slightly and well-intently, through establishment and management of the guarantee fund needed to make collateral reasonable. Thirdly, Korean-Russian and Russian-Japanese fisheries relations were formed on the basis of the EEZ regime, since 1992 and 1977 respectively, and are expected to maintain mutually beneficial cooperative character. As for Korean-Chinese-Japanese fisheries relations, the operational problems of overlapping zones, and problem of the permits for EEZ mutual access should be solved on the basis of the principle of reciprocity and equity rather than unilaterally from any side.

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한국 서해안 돌기해삼(Stichopus japonicus)의 서식지 기질 특성 (Substrate Characteristics of Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus Habitats in the West Coast of Korea)

  • 박광재;류상옥;백영숙;김윤설;강희웅;한현섭
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.886-891
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    • 2013
  • We analyzed surface sediments to explain the substrate characteristics of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus habitat. The analyses included grain-size determination, water content (WC), loss on ignition (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content. We obtained data on sea cucumber density, weight, and length at each station in a marine farming area in the middle of Korea's Taean coast on the West (Yellow) Sea in May, 2012. The apparent density of S. japonicus was high in coarse and bimodal sediments, whereas it was low in fine and unimodal sediments. The mass of S. japonicus was greater in fine than in coarse sediments, showing a different trend from sea cucumber density. The values for WC, IL, COD, and AVS in surface sediments were higher in areas with high densities of S. japonicus than in areas with low sea cucumber densities. In particular, the concentration of AVS was much higher than the value proposed in Japanese criteria for areas with high S. japonicus density.