• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

The volcanic edifice of Ulleungdo is largely divided into a shield volcano underwater and a tholoide above seawater. The geological features of the volcano above seawater are basically alkali volcanic rocks that are further divided into five geological strata: agglomerates and tuffs trachyte and phonolite trachytic pumice trachyandesite, and sedimentary layer. The topography of Ulleungdo consists of volcanic landform on the whole, and such volcanic landform is weathered and eroded into various weathering landform, stream landform, coastal landform, structural landform, etc. Major volcanic topography includes caldera basin, central cone, and columnar joint, whereas weathering topography features, tafoni, gnamma, tor, weathered cave, talus, etc. In major coastal topography are sea cliff, wave-cut platform, sea stack, sea arch, sea cave, shingle beach, coastal terrace, etc. For stream topography, its development is minimal except for waterfalls.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate geomorphological and geological landscapes in the Taeanhaean National Park to ensure they are well-preserved. This study discovered 390 geomorphological and geological landform resources distributed in the coastal zone of Taeanhaean National Park. Representative geomorphological and geological landforms include : sea cliffs, sea caves, wave-cut platforms, sea-stacks, pebble beaches, sand beaches, tidal flats, coastal dunes, coastal dune wetlands and folds (or micro folds) landforms. Deposition landforms are developed more and erosion and weathering landforms are less on the land zone than island zone. These landform resources vary from district to district and can be developed for geo-tourism resources. Combined efforts from the Taeanhaean National Park authorities and residents are essential to manage ecological programs using geomorphological and geological resources.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to review research trends and issues of coastal geomorphology in general of Korea, which is divided into two periods; the former and later periods of 1990s when The Korean Geomorphological Society was established. In this study, coastal geomorphology in general refers to the landforms except tidal flats and coastal terraces. The descriptive statistics of research papers published in 5 major geography journals since 1990s were computed and these papers were classified according to their main subjects. The methodology for coastal landform study was analyzed by sub-fields of landform change and sediment analysis. The study of coastal geomorphology in Korea started from around 1970s and has progressed significantly in terms of the scope and the number of papers published since 1990s. There is few paper published in 1990s on coastal geomorphology in general, but so many research has achieved and came to be the major part of coastal geomorphology study since 2000s. Further methodology is necessary for morphodynamics study in the future.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2003

Authors tried to classify landforms of civilian-restricted trans-border coastal region of the East Sea by using both field survey and remote sensing data including IKONOS images and digital maps. As a result, authors can draw the boundaries of landform units on satellite images and classify landforms effectively. Typical landforms of undisturbed depositional coastal area such as coastal sand dune, sand bar, lagoons, and tombolo are found within the study area. Also, riverine wetlands and estuarine wetlands are readily discernable on both satellite image and field survey. Even though landforms within the study area are relatively small, they are so dynamically connected that their preservation value is very high.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to clarify the classification and the spatial form of the named coastal landforms which are collected from the specialized magazine for fishing as a collective representative. The costal landform, viewing from the fishing activity, is divided into 9 types which are Yo(sunken rock), Kaeppai(rock-ribbed coast), Jolbyeok(cliff), Koppuri(spite), Chagalmadang(shringle beach), Kanchulam(intermitent rock), Mulgol(valley sea), Kaeppul(tidal flat), Sajang(sandy coast). And the characterstics of the 9types of landform were analyzed. The results of this study will contribute to establish teory on conservation and rehabilitation of costal landscape.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

Although Dokdo, small and dependent islands of Ulleung County, can be considered critical in terms of both geo-politics and physical geography, it is clear that Korean geographers have been too silent tn study Dokdo. In the author's view, such tendency is partly due to difficulties in access to Dokdo. In this sense this study would be meaningful for inquiring into the regional geomorphology of Dokdo regardless of only three-day field work. The major findings of the study are as follows. Firstly, the geology of Dokdo is composed of 8 rock units. Secondly, in a slope analysis of Dokdo volcano using GIS tool, steep slopes over $26^{\circ}$ account for 79.1% of whole slopes and even free faces, defined as slopes over $40^{\circ}$, account for 65.4%. Thirdly, the main landforms of Dokdo constitute volcanic landform, coastal landform and the others, such as talus, dyke, tafoni and erosional hollow. Fourthly, it turns out that advanced landform classification map of Dokdo can be designed by taking an approach tn regional geomorphology. Finally, based on a detailed review of the latest geological literature, I argue that part of landforms of East Dokdo(dongdo) is closer tn an erosional hollow than a small crater.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the selected soil chemical properties of paddy fields in different topographic areas to efficiently manage nutrient valances of the paddy fields in Jeonbuk Province. Three-hundred soil sampling sites in paddy fields were selected from the different topographic areas in Jeonbuk Province. The soil samples were collected every four years from 1999 to 2015. Soil pH and exchangeable K and Mg concentrations declined during the experimental periods. However, almost all the chemical properties were within the proper levels for paddy soil, except exchangeable Mg concentration. Distributed areas of the paddy fields with soil pH below 5.5 continuously increased, but the paddy fields with lower concentrations of soil organic matter and available $P_2O_5$ than the proper levels declined after 2007. In addition, the paddy fields with available $SiO_2$ below the proper concentration decreased from 83.3% of the total paddy fields studied in 1999 to 61.0% of the total fields investigated in 2015. The paddy fields with lower exchangeable K and Mg than the proper levels increased after 2003 whereas the fields with lower exchangeable Ca concentration decreased. Dominant landform of coastal and plain areas was fluvio-marine plains that was distributed in 53.7% and 40.9%, respectively. Local valley and fans was a dominant landform of mountainous and middle-mountainous areas, which was 51.8% and 67.6%, respectively. Dominant soil textures distributed in coastal and plain areas were silty loam and loam. Those in mountainous and middle-mountainous areas were sandy loam and loam, respectively. Soil pH was relatively higher in coastal area and the comparatively higher content of soil organic matter was found in costal area than other areas. The concentrations of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg were generally higher in mountainous, coastal, plain areas, respectively, but available $SiO_2$ and exchangeable K concentrations were not significantly different among the different topographic areas.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2019

The coast of BiIn Bay, Seocheon, is the potential site for the field-trip learning program. This article is written in the viewpoint of geographical and environmental education. In this study, it is tried to describe geomorphological landscapes of BiIn Bay Seocheon-gun relating with it's physiognomy, based on the Dasa-ri and Songrim-ri coastal sanddunes and the like. Although landforms like tidal flats and rock cliff constitute prominent landscape features in this area, other features such as beaches, coastal dunes, and coastal plains have various ramifications for human communities. Tidal flats, beaches and coastal dunes are formed by the combined actions of longshore current, tidal flows, waves and winds. To some extent, the erosion of sandy coast has been a global phenomenon. Anthropogenic impacts are involved in the transformation of landform. Most favorable field-trip course of BiIn Bay is from Songrim-ri through Dasa-ri and Shinhap-ri to Maryang-ri. This program about coastal landforms in BiIn Bay will contribute not only for educational meanings but also for satisfying the student' curiosity and interest. Also, this field-trip learning program will be suitable for over 4th grade elementary school students and middle school students.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.369-382
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• 2003

Natural resources managers have considered the landscape without detailed consideration of aesthetic values of the landscape and geomorphological significance of unique landforms. Since EIA system was introduced in 1981, values associated with landscape protection have been neglected at best compared with those values traditionally attributed to environmental protection, including clean air, water quality and species protection. Black top highways are being built without consideration of harmful effects to the sea cliffs. Sea walls and tetrapod are being installed to protect the coastal towns and fish markets for tourist. However, beach itself are experiencing accelerated erosion due to the shortage of proper coastal engineering expertise. Hotels and condominiums are under construction on a massive scale around the national parks, which substitute the scenic ridges with concrete profiles. To protect the scenic beauty of national parks, their design and construction material should be more harmonious with the surroundings. Therefore, visual impact assessment should be applied both within the national park boundary and beyond to enhance the aesthetic values of national parks.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.803-818
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• 2013

In this study, a total of 80 rock formations in the romantic road(Nangmangado) were investigated and analyzed and the results are as follows. The area in where the rock formations landscape is seen the most is Yangyang(43 formations), and the formations are most densely concentrated in Jukdo beach when seen from the site group. The most observed landform is weathering landform(61%) and the rest is comprised of coastal landform(24%) and structural landform(15%). For weathering landform, Tafoni takes up the largest portion (33%) and is followed by Corestone(27%), Tor(22%), Gnamma(10%), Groove(4%) and Exfoliation(4%). Considering academic value, rarity and accessibility overall, the 35 landforms are expected to have high utility value as tourism resources and topography filed course. And out of these 35 landforms, 11 are concentrated in Dongsan beach in Yangyang. Therefore, it seems worthy to consider developing Dongsan beach under the name of "Dongsan Coast Rock Park(Tentative Name)" to be actively utilized as tourism resources. The landforms which are evaluated as highly valuable for geomorphology filed course are a total of 16 areas including Fan rock and Op rock formations. In these areas, typical weathering landforms are concentrated in one spot and two or three other types of landform can also be additionally observed, allowing the place to be highly efficient for field education.