• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

동해연안의 수질특성 및 상태를 파악하기 위하여 2004년부터 2010년까지의 국가해양환경측정망 조사결과를 이용하여 수질인자의 거동을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 통계적 방법을 이용한 수질인자간의 상관관계 및 주성분 분석을 통하여 해역별 수질환경 특성을 파악하였으며, OECD의 부영양화 기준과 부영양도, 그리고 유기오염도 지수의 산정으로 해역별 오염상태를 평가하였다. 수질인자간의 주성분 분석에서 동해연안은 클로로필 a와 염분이 주요인자로 설명되는 2개의 요인으로 구분되었다. 해역별로는 죽변을 경계로 남부와 중부로 분류되었으며, 동해 중부 해역에서는 죽변, 그리고 남부해역에서는 감포연안이 별도로 분류되었다. 동해연안의 영양상태는 Oligotrophic~Mesotrophic 수준으로 구분되었으며, 부영양화도는 1 이하로 평가되었다. 유기오염지수는 동해연안 전 해역에서 양호한 수질상태로서 평가되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate water quality in coastal sea of Kunsan using multivariate analysis. The analysis data in Coastal Sea of Kunsan use of surveyed data by the NFRDI from April 2000 to November 2002. Twelve water Quality parameter were determined on each sample. The results was summarized as follow ; Water quality in coastal sea of Kunsan could be explained up to 62.782% by four factors which were included in loading of nitrogen-nutrients by Keum river(24.688%), suspended solids variation (12.180%), seasonal climate variation (18.367%) and variation of DIP (10.546%). To analyze spatially and monthly variation by factor score, it was divided by inner area and outer area spatially, and spring and summer monthly. The result of time series analysis by factor score, inner area of Kunsan coastal sea(St.1 and St. 2) was the most affected by nitrogen-nutrient and suspended solids due to runoff by Keum river. It could be suggested from these results that it is important to reduce tile pollution loads from Kuem river for the control of the water quality in coastal sea of Kunsan.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2014

This work investigates the relationship between the sea breeze circulation and ozone concentrations during cold water events in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula, where coastal upwelling frequently occur. This analysis was performed based on the classification of two categories, such as cold water and non-cold water events, over the period of 2000-2009. The low air temperature ($0.5^{\circ}C$), low SST ($5^{\circ}C$) and the wind direction(southerly) are the features of the cold water events in the Southeastern coastal area. Moreover, ozone concentrations in the cases of the sea breeze circulation and cold water events were significantly lower (below 30 ppb) than those (70~100 ppb) in the non-clod water events, because of the low air temperature ($10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and high wind speed (3~5 m/s) around the southeastern coastal area.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1982

1968-1980年의 韓.日共同海洋調査點中 韓國側 63個定點의 海洋調査資料를 使用하여 月別 水溫 및 분의 變動係數를 分析 硏究한 缺課의 要約은 다음과 같다. 變動係數는 水溫과 분의 前線域이나 혹은 躍層形成海域에서 크게 나타났다. 水溫의 變動係數는 각 水塊의 勞力이 가장 强한 時期에 最大値를 나타냈다(對馬 暖流와 黃海暖流域의 夏季 中層에서, 南海岸沿岸水 및 西海南部域의 冬季의 全層 에서 最大). 鹽分의 變動係數는 東支那海 低鹽水의 影響을 많이 받는 夏季에 暖流系水의 表層水에서 크게 나타나며, 沿岸水 및 西海南部域에서는 暖流系水値의 1/2정도였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.379-399
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• 2008

Spatial-temporal variations in physiochemical water qualities (temperature, salinity, DO, SPM, POC and nutrients) of surface and bottom waters were investigated along the mid-western coastal area (Taean Peninsula to Gomso Bay) of Korea. Spatial distribution patterns of temperature and salinity were mostly controlled by the physical mixing process of freshwater from Geum River and/or Gyunggi Bay with nearby coastal water. A strong tidal front is formed off Taean Peninsula during spring and summer. Seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations, lower in spring and summer and higher in fall and winter, are primarily regulated by magnitude of phytoplankton occurrence rather than freshwater loadings into the bay. Based on seasonal and spatial variability of physicochemical parameters, water quality of the study area can be divided into four water masses; Gyunggi Bay-influenced Water Mass (GBWM), Geum River-influenced Water Mass (GRWM), Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water Mass (YSBCWM) and Cheonsu Bay Water Mass (CBWM). Water quality of the GBWM (Taean Peninsula coastal area), which has relatively low salinity and high concentrations of nutrients, is strongly controlled by the Gyunggi Bay coastal water, which is under influence of the Han River freshwater. In this water mass, the mixed layer is always developed by strong tidal mixing. As a result, a tidal front is formed along the offshore boundary of the mixed layer. Such tidal fronts probably play an important role in the distribution of phytoplankton communities, SPM and nutrients. The GRWM, with low salinity and high nutrients, especially during the flood summer season, is closely related to physiochemical properties of the Geum River. During the flood season, nutrient-enriched Geum River water mass extends up to 60 km away from the river mouth, potentially causing serious environmental problems such as eutrophication and unusual and/or noxious algal blooms. Offshore (<$30{\sim}40m$ in water depth) of the study area, YSBCWM coupled with a strong thermocline can be identified in spring-summer periods, exhibiting abundant nutrients in association with low temperature and limited biological activity. During spring and summer, a tidal front is formed in a transition zone between the coastal water mass and bottom cold water mass in the Yellow Sea, resulting in intensified upwelling and thereby supplying abundant nutrients to the GBWM and GRWM. Such cold bottom water mass and tidal front formation seems to play an important role in controlling water quality and further regulating physical ecosystem processes along mid-western Korean coastal area.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2012

To understand the phytoplankton community in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea (EYS), in the summer, field survey was conducted at 25 stations in June 2009, and water samples were analyzed using a epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and HPLC method. The EYS could be divided into four areas by a cluster analysis, using phytoplankton group abundances: coastal mixing area, Anma-do area, transition water, and the central Yellow Sea. In the coastal mixing area, water column was well mixed vertically, and phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates, showing high abundance ($>10^5\;cells\;l^{-1}$). In Anma-do coastal waters characterized by high dominance of dinoflagellates, high phytoplankton abundance and biomass separated from other coastal mixing area. The southeastern upwelling area was expanded from Jin-do to Heuksan-do, by a tidal mixing and coastal upwelling in the southern area of Manjae-do, and phytoplankton was dominated by benthic diatoms, nanoflagellates and Synechococcus group in this area. Phytoplankton abundance and biomass dominated by pico- and nanophytoplankton were low values in the transition waters and the central Yellow Sea. In the surface of the central Yellow Sea, high dominance of photosynthetic pigments, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and zeaxanthin implies that haptophytes and cyanobacteria could be the dominant group during the summer. These results indicate that the phytoplankton communities in the EYS were significantly affected by the formation of tidal front, thermal stratification, and coastal upwelling showing the differences of physical and chemical characteristics during the summer.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.222-222
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• 2015

Vietnam is one of the most vulnarable countries affected by climate change and sea level rise. One of the consequences of climate change and sea level rise is the increase of salinity intrusion into the rivers which is challenging to irrigation systems in coastal areas. This indicates the necessary to study the ability of taking water through sluice gates of irrigation systems in coastal zones, especially in the dry season with the effects of climate change and sea level rise in the future. In this paper, Nam Thai Binh irrigation system is selected as a case study. The irrigation system is one of 22 biggest irrigation systems of the Red River delta in Vietnam located in coastal region. The computed duration is selected in dry season to irrigate for Winter-Spring crops. The irrigation water for the study area is taken from different sluice gates along the Red River and the Tra Ly River. In this paper, MIKE-11 model was applied to assess the ability of taking water for irrigation of the study area in current situation and in the context of climate change and sea level rise senario in 2050 (under the medium emissions scenario (B2) published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Vietnam published in 2012) with different condition of water availability. The operation of the gates depends on the water levels and sanility conditions. The sanility and water level at different water intake gates of Nam Thai Binh irrigation system were simulated with different senarios with and without climate change and sea level rise. The result shows that, under climate change and sea water level rise, some gates can take more water but some can not take water because of salinity excess and the total water taking from the different gates along the rivers decrease while the water demand is increase. The study indicates the necessary to study quantitatively some recommended solutions in the study area particularly and in coastal region generally in Vietnam to ensure water demand for irrigation and other purposes in the context of climate change and sea level rise in the future.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2002

Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom in 1995 was studied with a focus on an unusual coastal environment in the South Sea of Korea. Data on temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass during 1965-1998 and nutrients during 1990-1998 and chlorophyll-a during 1995-1998 were used in this study. These data were obtained from the serial oceanographic observations in Korean waters carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. In 1995 the C. polykrikoides bloom began in the coastal area around Narodo Island in August and consequently occurred to the whole coastal area of the South and East Seas of Korea. During June-October 1995, the coastal environment was unusual compared with the long-term means during 1965-1998. In June 1995, sea surface temperature was 1-2$^{\circ}C$ warmer than in other years in all coastal areas, while salinity was high only to the east of Jeju Island. In August 1995, a strong coastal front appeared inshore of a line between Jeju and Tsushima Islands. In particular, a strong coastal front which showed the characteristics of upwelling front occurred in the coastal area around Narodo and Sorido Islands, not only because of a strong intrusion of the Tsushima Warm Current but also because of the upwelling of cold bottom water. Salinity was low in the neighboring waters of western side of Jeju Island. Nutrients and chlorophyll-a were high in the inshore area between Narodo and Sorido Islands in 1995 in contrast with the other years and areas. Zooplankton showed an unusually high abundance in the coastal area in October 1995. We conclude that the Tsushima Warm Current strongly influenced the South Sea of Korea in 1995 and created strong upwelling front bordering cold upwelled water in the coastal area around Narodo and Sorido Islands. It leads us that these physical structures introduce the favorable environment for the development of C. polykrikoides blooms. We suggest that C. polykrikoides has a bio-physical tolerance of high shear and stress and prefers frontal and upwelling relaxed areas as its habitat. We also find that nutrients were not supplied to the coastal area from the offshore where a low salinity water mass with high nutrients appeared around Jeju Island. Because the strong upwelling front protect the reach of offshore low saline water mass. The main source of nutrients was the upwelled water mass in the coastal area of Wando-Narodo-Sorido.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-36
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• 2013

남해 동부해역에서 해수는 계절에 따라 서로 다른 수질환경 특성의 수괴들에 의해 조절되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 홍수기인 여름철 표층수는 북한한류 기원의 동해 냉수괴 특성의 수괴-A (East Sea Cold Water), 담수의 영향이 강한 연안성 수괴-B (river-dominated coastal water), 연안 염하구성 수괴-C (coastal pseudo-estuarine water)로 구분된다. 특징적으로 높은 영양염과 엽록소 농도를 갖는 저염의 염하구성 수괴-B는 홍수기인 여름철에 해안선에서 수 십 km 떨어진 해역까지 짧은 기간 일시적으로 형성되며, 집중호우 등 몬순(monsoon)기후 특성을 갖는 우리나라 연안역에서 육지-해양간 물질 순환에 상당한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다. 여름철 저층수는 저온-고염의 냉수인 저층 냉수괴-D(bottom cold water)가 지배적이며, 표층수의 수괴들과 비교하여 전체적으로 수온, pH, 용존 산소량은 낮은 반면, 높은 영양염 농도 특성을 갖는다. 여름철 저층 냉수괴의 높은 영양염 농도는 강한 성층과 낮은 수온으로 인하여 식물플랑크톤 번식이 제한되어 보존-축적된 결과로, 갈수기인 겨울철 영양염의 주요 공급원으로 작용한다. 갈수기인 겨울철 연구해역의 해수환경은 여름철과 다르게 대마난류수 (수괴-E)가 광범위하게 분포하며, 해안선을 따라 연안역의 좁은 범위에 대마난류수가 약간 변질된 연안성 수괴-F가 분포한다. 특히 광양만, 마산만 등의 반폐쇄성 지형의 여러 만(bay)들에 위치하는 연안성 수괴-F에서는 갈수기인 겨울철에도 낮은 수심과 느린 유속 등에 의해 기초생산력이 높으며, 이로인한 겨울철 영양염 고갈(depletion) 현상이 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 또한 남해 연안성 수괴와 대마난류 수괴사이에 연안전선이 발달하며, 이러한 전선은 직간접적으로 남해의 기초생산력을 조절하는 중요 환경요소로 작용할 것으로 예상된다. 결론적으로 연구해역은 계절적으로 다른 특성의 수괴의 수괴가 복합적으로 분포하며, 여름철의 수질환경과 일차 생태계는 크게 연안 염하구성 수괴와 저층의 냉수괴 발달 정도에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상되며, 겨울철에는 외양에서 유입되는 대마난류 수괴의 특성에 따라 지배될 것으로 분석된다. 또한 용존무기인이 잠재적 제한영양염으로 작용하는 서해 연안역과 달리 남해 연안역은 대부분 용존무기질소가 잠재적 제한영양염으로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 제한영양염의 차이는 서해와 남해 연안역이 서로 다른 환경과 다른 생태계 구조를 갖고 있음을 지시한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2004

As measure against the environmental pollution, maximum efforts to improve of the environmental pollution have also been made; removal of the contaminated sediments of the bay and the coastal area, monitoring of several heavy metal levels in fishes, shell fishes, sea water and sediment, and so on. The objective of this research is to investigate how much metals are included in the sea water, sediment, fishes and shell fishes in kyeongnam coastal area. Specifically, we are investigating the relationships between the metal included in fishes and sea water, and shell fishes and sediment, and heavy metals and heavy metals respectively. Heavy metal over the studied component and area, the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in sea water were 0.0029 mg/L, 0.005 mg/L, 0.0016 mg/L and ND, those of sediment were 11.9583 mg/kg, 0.2136 mg/kg, 1.9158 mg/kg and Hg 0.0108 mg/kg, those of fishes were 0.4358 mg/kg. 0.0726 mg/kg, 1.1188 mg/kg and Hg 0.0622 mg/kg, and those of shellfishes were Pb 0.6738 mg/kg, Cd 0.2223 mg/kg, Cr 0.5516 mg/kg and Hg 0.0117 mg/kg respectively. In the relationship test, Cd was significant in the relationship between fishes and sea water, and Hg was significant in the relationship between sediment and shellfishes.