• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among co-parenting, maternal parenting stress, and preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity with a sample of 155 mothers with 3 to 4 year old children (83 boys and 72 girls) living in Seoul. They completed a questionnaire on co-parenting, maternal parenting stress, and preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity. The results were analyzed by means of correlations and regressions. Co-parenting was positively correlated with preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity but affectionate, integrated co-parenting was negatively correlated with preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity. Maternal stress of parental suffering, dysfunctional interaction, and difficult temperament were positively related to preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity. Conflicting co-parenting was positively correlated with maternal stress of parental suffering, but affectionate and integrated co-parenting was negatively correlated with maternal stress of parental suffering and difficult temperament. Furthermore, maternal parenting stress mediated the relationship between co-parenting and preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity. Especially, maternal stress of parental suffering tended to play a perfectly mediating role between conflicting and integrated co-parenting and preschoolers' anxiety, between conflicting co-parenting and preschoolers' hyperactivity. Maternal stress of difficult temperament tended to play a perfectly mediating role between integrated co-parenting and preschoolers' anxiety and between conflicting co-parenting and preschoolers' hyperactivity. These results clearly indicate that maternal parenting stress plays a crucial role in the levels of preschoolers' anxiety and hyperactivity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.485-495
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-esteem (SE) and cooperation (CO) in the effect of parental attitudes (PA) as perceived by children on the quality of peer relationships (PR). To this end, the data of 1299 boys and 1278 girls in 4th grade were analyzed using the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey data. The correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling using phantom variables and bootstrapping were performed by using SPSS and AMOS programs. The results of this study are as follows. First, perceived PA had a significant effect on SE, CO, and PR, SE had a significant effect on CO and PR, and CO had a significant effect on PR. Second, the serial multi-mediating model that assumed that SE and CO mediate the relationship between PA and PR was found to be appropriate. These results suggest that it is important to consider the child's self-esteem and cooperation with parenting attitudes to improve the child's peer relationship. Future research and clinical implications were discussed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of adolescents' perceived parental blame (criticism) on learned helplessness and to examine whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination sequentially mediate the relationship between parental blame and learned helplessness. The participants were 316 adolescents (Mean age=16.7, SD=0.75; 137 male, 179 female) attending grades 1st and 2nd in high school in South Korea. The participants were selected using a snowball sampling method, while the data was collected via an online self-report questionnaire. This survey was completed by the participants and analyzed using SPSS 28.0, Amos 26.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY), and PROCESS macro version 4.2 (Model 6; Hayes, 2022). The main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the adolescents' perceived paternal and maternal blame indicated significant direct effects on learned helplessness. Secondly, rumination mediated the effect of paternal and maternal blame on learned helplessness. Lastly, paternal and maternal blame significantly affected learned helplessness through the sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination. This study elucidates the causal structure among the various factors influencing learned helplessness in adolescents, focusing on parental blame, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, and rumination. Furthermore, considering the verified sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination in the relationship between adolescents' perceived parental blame and learned helplessness, these findings suggest that modifying maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may help to reduce learned helplessness among adolescents who perceive high levels of parental blame.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2014

The Internet of Things(IoT) is a new promising technology made from a variety of technology. The IoT links the objects or people, then enabling anytime, anywhere connectivity for anything and not only for anyone. Social networking services have changed the way people communicate. Recently, new research challenges in many areas of Internet of things and social networking services are fired. In this paper, we propose things recommendation method using social relationship in social Internet of Things. We study previous researches about social network service, IoT, and social IoT. We proposed SIoT_FW(Social IoT Friendship Weight) using static and a dynamic social friendship weight. Also, our method considers four social relationships (Ownership Object Relationship, Co-Location Object Relationship, Social Object Relationship, Parental Object Relationship). We presents a music device scenario using our proposed method.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2015

Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) have become popular for research and development in many areas. IoT makes a new intelligent network between things, between things and persons, and between persons themselves. Social network service technology is in its infancy, but, it has many benefits. Adjacent users in a social network tend to trust each other more than random pairs of users in the network. In this paper, we propose recommendation technique using social network in Internet of Things environment. We study previous researches about information recommendation, IoT, and social IoT. We proposed SIoT_P(Social IoT Prediction) using social relationships and item-based collaborative filtering. Also, we proposed SR(Social Relationship) using four social relationships (Ownership Object Relationship, Co-Location Object Relationship, Social Object Relationship, Parental Object Relationship). We describe a recommendation scenario using our proposed method.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.439-454
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore Korean divorced mothers' experiences of noncustodial fathers' involvement in children's lives after divorce and co-parenting relationships. The data were collected from 17 mothers who were divorced between the years of 2004 and 2009, and were raising at least one minor child. Data were analyzed based on the inductive data analysis method. Divorced mothers' experiences of noncustodial fathers' involvement in children's lives after divorce were categorized in three ways: a satisfactory on-going relationship, a dissatisfactory on-going relationship, and a discontinued relationship. The results show that a few mothers were satisfied with the degree of the fathers' involvement in the children's lives 1) if the fathers were interested in their children and responsive to their children, and 2) if the fathers paid either child support or provided some financial supports for their children based on the fathers' financial abilities. However, the majority of the mothers were dissatisfied with the degree of the fathers' involvement in the children's lives. While some of the mothers maintained a relationship with the children's fathers despite their dissatisfaction, others discontinued the relationship. Regarding the co-parenting relationship after divorce, the relationships with the fathers were classified as either cooperative relationships or uncooperative relationships. The majority of the mothers experienced difficulties establishing cooperative co-parenting relationships with the fathers, but three mothers had cooperative relationships. The reasons for these uncooperative relationships were: uncooperative fathers, uncooperative mothers, or ambiguous communication regarding parenting after divorce. These findings suggest parenting education for divorced parents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.767-771
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• 2005

In order to understand the molecular basis of chicken heterosis in reproduction traits, mRNA differential display (DDRT-PCR) methods were used to analyze the differential gene expression of ovary tissue between hybrids and their parental lines in a 4${\times}$4 diallel cross, involving 4 chicken breeds, which were White Plymouth Rock (E), CAU Brown (D), Silkies (C) and White Leghorn (A). Total of 331 differential displayed cDNA bands from 1,161 were displayed in the 4${\times}$4 diallel cross combinations with 30 pairs of primers, which shows the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parental lines were very obvious in quantity and quality. Seven types of differential expression patterns were found: Co-dominance expressed pattern (T1), under-expression of parental fragments in hybrids (T2), over-expression of parental fragments in hybrids (T3), hybrid-absence expressed pattern (T4), single parentspecific expressed pattern (T5), dominant expression fragments of single parent in hybrids (T6), hybrid-specific expressed pattern (T7). Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant correlations between the pattern of T3 and the heterosis percentage of egg number of 32-week and 42-week old chickens(p<0.01), while there were negative significant correlations between the pattern of T7 and the heterosis percentage of egg number of 32-week and 42 week-old birds (p<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 2008

Deep pectoral myopathy (DPM), also known as Oregon muscle disease or green muscle disease, was first described in 1968 by Dickinson et al as "degenerative myopathy" in turkeys. Even though this condition was first recognized in adult meat-type turkey and chicken breeders, it is becoming more and more common in meat-type growing birds. DPM occurs exclusively in birds that have been specially selected for breast muscle development. It is generally recognized that DPM is an ischemic necrosis that develops in the deep pectoral muscle (supracoracoideus or pectoralis minor muscle) mainly because this muscle is surrounded by inelastic fascia and the sternum, which do not allow the muscle mass to swell in response to the physiological changes occurring when muscle are exercised, as in wing flapping. The lesion does not impair the general health of birds and is generally found during cut-up and deboning, moreover, it can be both unilateral or bilateral, affecting just one or both pectoralis minor muscle, respectively. No public health significance is associated to DPM, but it is aesthetically undesirable. The fillet should be removed, whereas the rest of the carcass is still fit for human consumption. However, the required trimming operations determine the downgrading of the products and produce an economic loss for the industry, especially because it affects the more valuable part of the carcass. The incidence of DPM increases with market weight in broilers, with more cases reported in higher-yielding strains and in males. Increased bird activity (flock nervousness, flightiness, struggle, and wing flapping) induced by factors such as feed or water outages, lighting programs and intensity, human activity, and excessive noises in and around chicken houses should be looked at as a trigger for the development of DPM in broiler. However, most of the studies conducted to evaluate the incidence of DPM in poultry are concerned with parental commercial breeding stocks under experimental conditions (Bianchi et al. 2006. Poult Sci 85 : 1843-1846). There is a possible genetic relationship between the selection for large-breasted birds and this condition. Management procedures that discourage excessive wing flapping would reduce the incidence (Jordan and Pattison. 1998. Poultry diseases. 398-399).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Objective: Newborn screening leads to improved treatment and disease outcomes, but false-positive newborn screening results may impact include parental stress and anxiety, perception of child as unhealthy, parent-child relationship dysfunction, and increased infant hospitalizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate of the false positive rates and the causative factors of false positive results in Tandem Mass Spectrometry (TMS) in single center. Methods: Records were reviewed for all 18,872 subjects who were born in Cheill General Hospital, during January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2014. 17,292 neonates (91.62%) were tested for tandem mass screening almost in 2-5th day of life. Newborn babies whose first results were abnormal had been tested repeatedly by same methods in 7-14 day. If the results were abnormal again, further evaluation was performed. TMS analysis included data for the 43 disorders screened for using TMS broken down into three categories: fatty acid oxidation disorders, organic acidurias, and aminoacidopathies. The impact of several factors on increased false positive rates was analyzed using a multivariate analysis: time from birth to sample collection, birth weight, birth height, BMI, gender, gestational age, delivery type. Results: Males of the subjects were 8942 (51.7%), female 8350 (48.3%), the mean gestational age was $38.6{\pm}1.7$ weeks, the average birth weight $3,155.6{\pm}502.4g$, the average birth height $49.1{\pm}2.9cm$, and the average BMI $13.0{\pm}3.8(kg/m^2)$. Vaginal delivery cases were 9713 (56.2%), caesarean section 7,579 (43.8%). The average date of the inspection was $2.8{\pm}1.1$ days. 224 cases were identified as TMS positive. All the subjects were false positive (222/17,292, 1.30%) except 2 cases (1 male; benign phenylketonuria and 1 female; Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency). The false positive rates were 0.61% in fatty acid oxidation disorders, 0.25% in organic acidurias, and 0.45% in aminoacidopathies. In our study, the date of inspection got late, the false positive rates got higher. Because almost the cases of late test date were in treatment in neonatal intensive care unit so their test date was affected by their medical conditions. False positive rate was higher in extreme immaturity${\leq}27$ weeks than newborns of gestational age >27 weeks [OR=6.957 (CI=1.273-38.008), p<0.025] and extremely low birth weight<1,000 g than newborns of birthweight ${\geq}1,000g$ [OR=5.616 (CI=1.134-27.820), p<0.035]. Conclusion: False positive rate of TMS was 1.30% in Cheil General Hospital. Lower gestational age and birth weight impacted on increased false positive rates. Better understanding of factors that influence the reporting of screening tests, and the ability to modify these important factors, may improve the screening process and reduce the need for retesting. of screening tests, and the ability to modify these important factors, may improve the screening process and reduce the need for retesting.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2008

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to contain three isoforms of citrate synthase (CS). The mitochondrial CS, Cit1, catalyzes the first reaction of the TCA cycle, i.e., condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate [1]. The peroxisomal CS, Cit2, participates in the glyoxylate cycle [2]. The third CS is a minor mitochondrial isofunctional enzyme, Cit3, and related to glycerol metabolism. However, the level of its intracellular activity is low and insufficient for metabolic needs of cells [3]. It has been reported that ${\Delta}cit1$ strain is not able to grow with acetate as a sole carbon source on either rich or minimal medium and that it shows a lag in attaining parental growth rates on nonfermentable carbon sources [2, 4, 5]. Cells of ${\Delta}cit2$, on the other hand, have similar growth phenotype as wild-type on various carbon sources. Thus, the biochemical basis of carbon metabolism in the yeast cells with deletion of CIT1 or CIT2 gene has not been clearly addressed yet. In the present study, we focused our efforts on understanding the function of Cit2 in utilizing $C_2$ carbon sources and then found that ${\Delta}cit1$ cells can grow on minimal medium containing $C_2$ carbon sources, such as acetate. We also analyzed that the characteristics of mutant strains defective in each of the genes encoding the enzymes involved in TCA and glyoxylate cycles and membrane carriers for metabolite transport. Our results suggest that citrate produced by peroxisomal CS can be utilized via glyoxylate cycle, and moreover that the glyoxylate cycle by itself functions as a fully competent metabolic pathway for acetate utilization in S. cerevisiae. We also studied the relationship between Cit1 and apoptosis in S. cerevisiae [6]. In multicellular organisms, apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell death that allows a cell to self-degrade in order for the body to eliminate potentially threatening or undesired cells, and thus is a crucial event for common defense mechanisms and in development [7]. The process of cellular suicide is also present in unicellular organisms such as yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [8]. When unicellular organisms are exposed to harsh conditions, apoptosis may serve as a defense mechanism for the preservation of cell populations through the sacrifice of some members of a population to promote the survival of others [9]. Apoptosis in S. cerevisiae shows some typical features of mammalian apoptosis such as flipping of phosphatidylserine, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and margination, and DNA cleavage [10]. Yeast cells with ${\Delta}cit1$ deletion showed a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype, and displayed a rapid loss in viability associated with typical apoptotic hallmarks, i.e., ROS accumulation, nuclear fragmentation, DNA breakage, and phosphatidylserine translocation, when exposed to heat stress. Upon long-term cultivation, ${\Delta}cit1$ cells showed increased potentials for both aging-induced apoptosis and adaptive regrowth. Activation of the metacaspase Yca1 was detected during heat- or aging-induced apoptosis in ${\Delta}cit1$ cells, and accordingly, deletion of YCA1 suppressed the apoptotic phenotype caused by ${\Delta}cit1$ mutation. Cells with ${\Delta}cit1$ deletion showed higher tendency toward glutathione (GSH) depletion and subsequent ROS accumulation than the wild-type, which was rescued by exogenous GSH, glutamate, or glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Beside Cit1, other enzymes of TCA cycle and glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) were found to be involved in stress-induced apoptosis. Deletion of the genes encoding the TCA cycle enzymes and one of the three GDHs, Gdh3, caused increased sensitivity to heat stress. These results lead us to conclude that GSH deficiency in ${\Delta}cit1$ cells is caused by an insufficient supply of glutamate necessary for biosynthesis of GSH rather than the depletion of reducing power required for reduction of GSSG to GSH.