• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2019

$Pb(Sb_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})_x(Zr_{0.51}Ti_{0.49})_{1-x}O_3$ (abbreviation: PSN-PZT) ceramics were synthesized, using conventional bulk ceramic processing technology, with various PSN doping contents. The maximum density of PSN-PZT was 97% of the theoretical density in the samples sintered at $1,250^{\circ}C$. The maximum values of the piezoelectric properties achieved using the conventional processes were: $k_p$ of 0.625, $d_{33}$ of 531 pC/N, and $g_{33}$ of $33mV{\cdot}m/N$. Finally, we fabricated a piezo-speaker with the optimized PSN-PZT ceramics. The SPL of the speaker was measured at a distance of 1 m, with a driving voltage of $40V_{rms}$ in the frequency range of ~300 Hz to 9 kHz. The measured $SPL_{max}$ was at a very high level (95 dB), which was superior in quality in comparison with those of other commercial products.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1535-1540
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• 2018

In this study, we prepared and characterized Nb-doped $Li_7La_3Zr_{2-x}O_{12}$ (LLZNO) powder and pellets with a cubic garnet structure by using a modified sol-gel synthesis and hot pressing. LLZNO powder with a very small grain size and cubic structure without secondary phases could be obtained by using a synthesis method in which Li and La sources in a propanol solvent were mixed together with Zr and Nb sources in 2-methoxy ethanol. A pure cubic phase LLZNO pellet could be fabricated from the prepared LLZNO and an additional 6-wt% of $Li_2CO_3$ powder by hot pressing at $1050^{\circ}C$ and 15.8 MPa. The hot-pressed LLZNO pellet with a relative density of 99% exhibited a very dense surface morphology. The total Li ionic conductivity of the hot-pressed LLZNO was $7.4{\times}10^{-4}S/cm$ at room temperature, which is very high level compared to other reported values. The activation energy for ionic conduction was estimated to be 0.40 eV.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.832-840
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• 2019

양극 활물질의 전기화학적 성능을 개선하기 위하여, 농도 구배형 전구체를 사용한 boron-doped $LiNi_{0.90}Co_{0.05}Ti_{0.05}O_2$를 합성하였다. 제조된 양극 활물질의 특성은 XRD, SEM, EDS, PSA, ICP-OES 및 전기전도도 측정을 통하여 분석하였다. 초기 충 방전 용량, 사이클, 순환전압전류, 율속 특성 및 임피던스 테스트를 통해 전기화학적 성능을 조사하였다. 붕소가 0.5 mol% 도핑된 $LiNi_{0.90}Co_{0.05}Ti_{0.05}O_2$ 양극 활물질은 2.7~4.3 V (vs. $Li/Li^+$)의 전압 범위에서 0.5 C의 전류를 인가했을 때, 187 mAh/g의 용량을 보이며 50 사이클 이후 94.7%의 용량 유지율을 보였다. 상대적으로 고전압인 2.7~4.5 V (vs. $Li/Li^+$)의 전압 범위에서는 200 mAh/g의 높은 용량을 보이며 50 사이클 이후 80.5%의 용량 유지율을 나타냈다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2006

동시 스퍼터링법으로 $TiO_2$ 박막과 구리를 도핑한 Cu/$TiO_2$ 박막을 제작하고, 금속의 도핑과 열처리 온도에 따른 구조적, 광학적, 광분해 특성을 조사하였다. XRD 측정 결과 구리 도핑의 경우에 입자의 결정 크기가 증가하였으며, SEM 결과 입자들의 크기가 균일하고 입자들의 뭉침이 더 작은 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. $900^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 박막의 흡수단은 아나타제에서 루타일로의 상전이에 의해 밴드갭의 변화로 장파장 영역으로 이동하였고, 또한 입자 크기 증가에 따라 투과율이 급격히 감소하였다. Cu/$TiO_2$ 박막들은 순수$TiO_2$ 박막보다 광분해 특성이 더 우수하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.207-207
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• 2011

Amorphous transparent oxide semiconductors (a-TOS) have been widely studied for many optoelectronic devices such as AM-OLED (active-matrix organic light emitting diodes). Recently, Nomura et al. demonstrated high performance amorphous IGZO (In-Ga-Zn-O) TFTs.1 Despite the amorphous structure, due to the conduction band minimum (CBM) that made of spherically extended s-orbitals of the constituent metals, an a-IGZO TFT shows high mobility.2,3 But IGZO films contain high cost rare metals. Therefore, we need to investigate the alternatives. Because Aluminum has a high bond enthalpy with oxygen atom and Alumina has a high lattice energy, we try to replace Gallium with Aluminum that is high reserve low cost material. In this study, we focused on the electrical properties of IZO:Al thin films as a channel layer of TFTs. IZO:Al were deposited on unheated non-alkali glass substrates (5 cm ${\times}$ 5 cm) by magnetron co-sputtering system with two cathodes equipped with IZO target and Al target, respectively. The sintered ceramic IZO disc (3 inch ${\phi}$, 5 mm t) and metal Al target (3 inch ${\phi}$, 5 mm t) are used for deposition. The O2 gas was used as the reactive gas to control carrier concentration and mobility. Deposition was carried out under various sputtering conditions to investigate the effect of sputtering process on the characteristics of IZO:Al thin films. Correlation between sputtering factors and electronic properties of the film will be discussed in detail.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2017

Three types of piezoelectric single crystals [PMN-PT (Generation I $[Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-PbTiO_3]$), PMN-PZT (Generation II $[Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3]$), PMN-PZT-Mn (Generation III)] were grown by the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) method, and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured and compared. Compared to (001) PMN-PT and PMN-PZT single crystals, the (001) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals exhibited a higher transition temperature between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases ($T_{RT}=144^{\circ}C$), as well as a higher coercive electric field ($E_C=6.3kV/cm$) and internal bias field ($E_I=1.6kV/cm$). The (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals showed the highest coercive electric field ($E_C=7.0kV/cm$), and the highest stability of $E_C$ and $E_I$ during 60 cycles of polarization measurement. These results demonstrate that both Mn doping (for higher electromechanical quality factor ($Q_m$)) and a (011) crystallographic orientation (for higher coercive electric field and stability) are necessary for high power transducer applications of these piezoelectric single crystals. Specifically, the (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystal (Gen. III) had the highest potential for application in the fields of SONAR transducers, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), ultrasonic motors, and others.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2012

(1-X)$(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3-XK_{5.4}Cu_{1.3}Ta_{10}O_{29}$ (NKN-KCT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been synthesized by the conventional solid state sintering method, and their sinterability and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Typically, this material is sintered between 1,025 and $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours to achieve the required densification. Crystalline structures and Microstructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The density, dielectric constant (${\varepsilon}_r$), piezoelectric constant $d_{33}$, electromechanical coupling factor $k_p$ and mechanical quality factor $Q_m$ value of the NKN ceramics depended upon the KCT content and the sintering temperature. In particular, the KCT addition to NKN greatly improved the mechanical quality factor $Q_m$ value. The ceramic with X = 1.0 mol% sintered at $1,050^{\circ}C$ exhibited optimum properties (${\varepsilon}_r$=246, $d_{33}$=95, $k_p$=0.38 and $Q_m$=1,826). These results indicate that the ceramic is a promising candidate material for applications in lead free piezoelectric transformer and filter materials.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 1980

$SnO_2$, Sb-doped $SnO_2$>, 그리고 백금촉매하에서 일산화탄소의 산화반응을 연구하였다. $SnO_2$ 및 Sb-doped $SnO_2$ 촉매하에서 산화반응은 CO 및 $O_2$에 대해서 각각 1차, 백금 촉매하에서는 1/2차 반응에 따랐다. $SnO_2$에 소량의 Sb첨가(dopant composition : 0.05∼0.1mole%)는 반응속도를 증가시키고 그 이상의 첨가는 오히려 반응속도를 감소시켰다. 백금 촉매하의 산화반응에서는 일산화탄소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 반응속도가 오히려 감소하는 억제효과를 보여주었다. 각 촉매하에서 산화반응의 활성화에너지는 Sb-dopoped $SnO_2$ 촉매 (dopant compisito : 0.05 mole%)에서 5.7 kcal, 백금 촉매에서 6.4 kcal이었다. 실험적으로 얻은 반응차수와 doping 효과로부터 가능한 반응메카니즘을 제안하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2427-2434
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• 2022

Series of unequal quantity Nd/Ce co-doped ceramic nuclear waste forms, (Gd, Nd)₂(Zr, Ce)₂O₇, were prepared to tailor its ordered pyrochlore or disordered fluorite structure. The phase transition, microtopography, and elemental composition of the ceramic samples were systematically investigated, especially the effect of order-disorder structure on the chemical stability. It was confirmed that unequal quantity of Nd/Ce could synchronously replace the Gd/Zr-sites of Gd₂Zr₂O₇. And the phase transition of order-disorder structure could be successfully tailored by regulating the average cationic radius ratio of (Gd, Nd)₂(Zr, Ce)₂O₇ series. The elements of Gd, Nd, Zr, and Ce are uniformly distributed in the ordered or disordered structures. The MCC-1 leaching results showed that (Gd, Nd)₂(Zr, Ce)₂O₇ pyrochlore ceramic nuclear waste forms had excellent chemical stability, whose elements' normalized leaching rates were as low as 10^-4-10^-7 g·m^-2·d^-1 after 7 days. In particular, the chemical stability of disordered structure was superior to that of ordered structure. It was proposed that the force constant and the closest packing were changed with the structure transformation resulting the chemical stability difference.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2023

The global energy storage markets have gravitated to high-energy-density and low cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as the predominant system for energy storage such as electric vehicles (EVs). High-Ni layered oxides are considered promising next-generation cathode materials for LIBs owing to their significant advantages in terms of high energy density. However, the practical application of high-Ni cathodes remains challenging, because of their structural and surface instability. Although extensive studies have been conducted to mitigate these inherent instabilities, a two-step process involving the synthesis of the cathode and a dry/wet coating is essential. This study evaluates a one-step β-Li₂SnO₃ layer coating on the surface of LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ (NC82) via the thermal segregation of Sn owing to the solubility limit with respect to the synthesis temperature. The doping, segregation, and phase transition of Sn were systematically revealed by structural analyses. Moreover, surface-engineered 5 mol% Sn-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ (NC82_Sn5%) exhibited superior capacity retention compared to bare NC82 owing to the stable surface coating layer. Thus, the developed one-step coating method is suitable for improving the properties of high-Ni layered oxide cathode materials for application in LIBs.