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THE MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF HUMAN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CELLS ATTACHMENT AND SPREADING ON THE SURFACE OF SLIDE GLASS (치주인대세포의 부착과 전개에 관한 형태학적 관찰)

  • Lee, Jin-Mi;Suh, Jo-Young;Park, Joon-Bong
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.97-108
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    • 1993
  • One of the important initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment and subsequent spreading of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface. The purposes of this study is to investigate the attachment and spreading pattern of human periodontal ligament cell on the surface of glass slides. After establishment of a cell line of the primary cell culture from the periodontal ligament of 1st premolar teeth which were extracted for the purpose of orthodontic treatment, author dispersed the cells at $5{\times}10^3\;cells/ml$ into the each 35mm culture petri-dish containing 2 glass slides. To observe the morphological changes of the cells which attached to the surfaces of glasses at every designed time schedule, author used the inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. During the whole experiment culture condition was at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% Humidity, 5% $CO_2$ gas incubator. The following results were obtained. Periodontal ligament cells showed spherical outline and started to attach to glass surface by basal sytoplasmic extension after 10min in culture. After 30min in culture, periodontal ligament cells were attached to glass surface by well - developed filopodia which protruded from the lamellipodia. The cell surface is covered with bubble-like structures and occasional microvillus can be seen with diffculty among these structures. After 1.5hr in culture, peridontal ligament cells shhowed radially well-spread cytoplasm and the nucleus was centered on its cytoplasm. Unspread central region of the cell was covered with numerous microvilli. The change of cell attachment and spreading pattern was manifest at 6hr in culture. At this time, periodontal ligament cell showed elongated outline and an oval-shaped nucleus. After 12hr in culture, periodontal ligament cells showed more stretched fibroblast-like appearance with polarity. Two long lamellipodia can be seen around the both terminal ends of cells. After 24hr in culture, periodontal ligament cells showed spindle shapes and an oval-shaped nucleus was slanted toward one side of the cell.

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A study on detective story authors' style differentiation and style structure based on Text Mining (텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 고전 추리 소설 작가 간 문체적 차이와 문체 구조에 대한 연구)

  • Moon, Seok Hyung;Kang, Juyoung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.89-115
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to present the stylistic differences between Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie, famous as writers of classical mystery novels, through data analysis, and further to present the analytical methodology of the study of style based on text mining. The reason why we chose mystery novels for our research is because the unique devices that exist in classical mystery novels have strong stylistic characteristics, and furthermore, by choosing Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie, who are also famous to the general reader, as subjects of analysis, so that people who are unfamiliar with the research can be familiar with them. The primary objective of this study is to identify how the differences exist within the text and to interpret the effects of these differences on the reader. Accordingly, in addition to events and characters, which are key elements of mystery novels, the writer's grammatical style of writing was defined in style and attempted to analyze it. Two series and four books were selected by each writer, and the text was divided into sentences to secure data. After measuring and granting the emotional score according to each sentence, the emotions of the page progress were visualized as a graph, and the trend of the event progress in the novel was identified under eight themes by applying Topic modeling according to the page. By organizing co-occurrence matrices and performing network analysis, we were able to visually see changes in relationships between people as events progressed. In addition, the entire sentence was divided into a grammatical system based on a total of six types of writing style to identify differences between writers and between works. This enabled us to identify not only the general grammatical writing style of the author, but also the inherent stylistic characteristics in their unconsciousness, and to interpret the effects of these characteristics on the reader. This series of research processes can help to understand the context of the entire text based on a defined understanding of the style, and furthermore, by integrating previously individually conducted stylistic studies. This prior understanding can also contribute to discovering and clarifying the existence of text in unstructured data, including online text. This could help enable more accurate recognition of emotions and delivery of commands on an interactive artificial intelligence platform that currently converts voice into natural language. In the face of increasing attempts to analyze online texts, including New Media, in many ways and discover social phenomena and managerial values, it is expected to contribute to more meaningful online text analysis and semantic interpretation through the links to these studies. However, the fact that the analysis data used in this study are two or four books by author can be considered as a limitation in that the data analysis was not attempted in sufficient quantities. The application of the writing characteristics applied to the Korean text even though it was an English text also could be limitation. The more diverse stylistic characteristics were limited to six, and the less likely interpretation was also considered as a limitation. In addition, it is also regrettable that the research was conducted by analyzing classical mystery novels rather than text that is commonly used today, and that various classical mystery novel writers were not compared. Subsequent research will attempt to increase the diversity of interpretations by taking into account a wider variety of grammatical systems and stylistic structures and will also be applied to the current frequently used online text analysis to assess the potential for interpretation. It is expected that this will enable the interpretation and definition of the specific structure of the style and that various usability can be considered.

Network Analysis and Trends of Articles in the Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles and International Journals (1977-2013) -Clothing Science Related- (1977~2013년 한국의류학회지와 해외 의류학 저널 출판논문의 연구동향 및 저자, 연구관계망 분석 -피복과학 분과를 중심으로-)

  • Park, Sungjin;Ha, Jeong-Yoon;Lee, Hae-Eun;Lee, Joo-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.834-844
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated original articles published in the Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (JKSCT) from 1977 through 2013 with a consideration of the research collaboration structure. Two international journals were chosen: Textile Research Journal (TRJ) and International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology (IJCT) in order to compare the clothing science research trends of JKSCT-publications to international trends. The collected data from the three journals were used to probe periodic changes in the number of publications and nationality of authors to find the relative international position of Korean clothing and textile researchers. Figures, tables, and references in each article were counted to suggest the most suitable way to express and interpret clothing science results. In addition to the quantified data analysis, a qualified analysis was investigated with the co-author network analysis. The findings revealed an increase in the number of published articles in JKSCT until 2009 with the rapid decrease after. The number of co-authors in JKSCT was relatively small compared to TRJ and IJCT but growing in the clothing and textile science group. The number of references in JKSCT increased 3 times from 1977 to 2013; therefore, it was assumed there is more recent active clothing and textile research. Lastly, a pattern of authors' interaction and the most contributed authors in the network was illustrated in the clothing and textile science group. The present study confirms that JKSCT has made significant progress toward knowledge development in the clothing and textile field and suggests that the analysis of accumulative knowledge helps researchers broaden the scale and approach of studies.

A Study on the Stylistic Expression of Late 20th Century Interior Design (현대(現代) 후기(後期) 실내디자인의 표현성(表現性))

  • Lee Choon-Sub
    • Journal of Science of Art and Design
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    • v.1
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    • pp.189-226
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this paper is to examine the common characteristics of late 20th century interior design style and the post-modern thinking system. A period has its own predominant spirit which determine the tendency of art, and the ubiquitous power in the spirit decides the period's pattern of art. Therefore the interior design style belongs to general art sphere that has its own individual character derived from the dominant power of the controlling system. Paying special attention to this understanding, the auther has processed this paper by combining the post-modem thinking with special characteristics of each of the 20th century interior design style. Until now, researches have been focused on the individual style of post-modern design; however, a general research comprising the whole characteristics of expression has not been made. Accordingly, the rationale of emphasizing the general point of view is establshed. Also, this study suggests a model applicable to studies concerning other art area. This type of methodology is receving more attention as an approach investigating new art ideology for researching post-modern thinking and late 20th century art styles. The conclusions are as follows: First, the distinctive expressions of postmodernism appear to be characteristic of illusion, metaphor, pluralism, decoration, and symmetry, Those of late modernism appear to be the characteristic of complicated simplicity and symplified complexity, passiveness of symbolism and harmony, indeterminacy of form and space, and unintentional decorativeness. And the characteristics of deconstructionism are spatial difference and temporal defferal, and un-reductive and non formal abstractiveness of the space, unfinishness, chance, and secretiveness of individual style. Second, the disinctive expression seems to share common characteristics with postmodern thinking. The best examples are pluralism, non-formalism, populism, and historicism, originating from the deconstruction of 'meta-narrative'. Third, based on the second conclusion, general distinctive expression could be simplified as chacteristics of plurality, hybridity, and indeterminacy. These expressive chacteristics appear to be automatically connected with general postmodern thinking. Last, in consideration of the above conclusion, the extreme generality could be distinctively clarified as 'textural co-exsistence'. Accordingly, the author might confirm that 'textural co-existence' originated from the text that comes from postmodern thinking. In conclusion, design expression of late 20th century interior design accepts the ?universal theme of ubiquitous postmodern thinking. And universal expressions and supreme generality can be common analysis tools for understanding and studying complicated late 20th century interior design.

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An Investigation on Characteristics and Intellectual Structure of Sociology by Analyzing Cited Data (사회학 분야의 연구데이터 특성과 지적구조 규명에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Hyung Wook;Chung, EunKyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.109-124
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    • 2017
  • Through a wide variety of disciplines, practices on data access and re-use have been increased recently. In fact, there has been an emerging phenomenon that researchers tend to use the data sets produced by other researchers and give scholarly credit as citation. With respect to this practice, in 2012, Thomson Reuters launched Data Citation Index (DCI). With the DCI, citation to research data published by researchers are collected and analyzed in a similar way for citation to journal articles. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and intellectual structure of sociology field based on research data, which is one of actively data-citing fields. To accomplish this purpose, two data sets were collected and analyzed. First, from DCI, a total of 8,365 data were collected in the field of sociology. Second, a total of 12,132 data were collected from Web of Science with a topic search with 'Sociology'. As a result of the co-word analysis of author provided-keywords for both data sets, the intellectual structure of research data-based sociology was composed of two areas and 15 clusters and that of article-based sociology was composed with three areas and 17 clusters. More importantly, medical science area was found to be actively studied in research data-based sociology and public health and psychology are identified to be central areas from data citation.

Time Series Analysis of Intellectual Structure and Research Trend Changes in the Field of Library and Information Science: 2003 to 2017 (문헌정보학 분야의 지적구조 및 연구 동향 변화에 대한 시계열 분석: 2003년부터 2017년까지)

  • Choi, Hyung Wook;Choi, Ye-Jin;Nam, So-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2018
  • Research on changes in research trends in academic disciplines is a method that enables observation of not only the detailed research subject and structure of the field but also the state of change in the flow of time. Therefore, in this study, in order to observe the changes of research trend in library and information science field in Korea, co-word analysis was conducted with Korean author keywords from three types of journals which were listed in the Korea Citation Index(KCI) and have top citation impact factor were selected. For the time series analysis, the 15-year research period was accumulated in 5-years units, and divided into 2003~2007, 2003~2012, and 2003~2017. The keywords which limited to the frequency of appearance 10 or more, respectively, were analyzed and visualized. As a result of the analysis, during the period from 2003 to 2007, the intellectual structure composed with 25 keywords and 8 areas was confirmed, and during the period from 2003 to 2012, the structure composed by 3 areas 17 sub-areas with 76 keywords was confirmed. Also, the intellectual structure during the period from 2003 to 2017 was crowded into 6 areas 32 consisting of a total of 132 keywords. As a result of comprehensive period analysis, in the field of library and information science in Korea, over the past 15 years, new keywords have been added for each period, and detailed topics have also been subdivided and gradually segmented and expanded.

A Study on Analysis of Research Trends and Intellectual Structure of Cataloging Field (목록 분야 연구동향 및 지적구조 분석)

  • Lee, Ji Won
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.279-300
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    • 2019
  • This study aims to analyze and to demonstrate the research trends and intellectual structure in the field of catalog in the 2000s and 2010s through co-word analysis. The field of catalog had firmly established its own research area and Many differences were found in research trends and intellectual structures in the 2000s and 2010s. First, the average number of articles decreased by 4.2 in the 2010s compared to the 2000s, but the number of author keywords was not significantly different. Only 22.2% of keywords appeared more than three times in both periods, and 77.8% of keywords appeared more than three times in one period. Second, in terms of intellectual structure, the 2000s, represented by three-level clusters, formed a more complex network than the 2010s, represented by two-level clusters. Third, as a result of examining the changes in the characteristics of each cluster, there were some research topics with few changes, but many research topics were more actively progressed or subdivided, and decreased. The results of this study are meaningful in that they can visually grasp the intellectual structure along with the trend of the age of catalogue, and can prepare for related education and research by predicting the future.

Education Research Trends of 「Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society」: 2006-2016 (「한국산학기술학회」의 교육분야 연구 동향 분석: 2006-2016)

  • Kim, Yong-Sook;Shin, Gil-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.700-708
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    • 2016
  • This study attempts to understand the trend of research in the field of education contributed theses of the "Korea Academia-Industrial Society" in the 10 year period from 2006 to March, 2016, and provide the basic data needed for further research projects. It provides the direction for balanced academic research. The 143 theses contributed over this 10 year period were analyzed to determine the number of thesis per year, major of the researchers, number of co-authors, object of research, subject of research, and research method. It was found that the greatest number of theses were published in 2015. There were 77 researchers who majored in early childhood education and more than 64 researchers who majored in Education, while few researchers majored in other fields of study. The number of papers published by two co-authors was 51, that by one author was 44, and that by more than four researchers was 10. The numbers of papers whose object of research was infant and teacher education were 28 and 24, respectively. The number of papers whose subject of research was philosophy, history, psychology, or social science was 35, and that involving education was 27. There were 47 papers whose method of research was quantitative research. The most prevalent method of data analysis was difference verification. Through this analysis of the research trends, we expect to contribute to the balanced development of the academic world in Korea.

Analysis of Overseas Research Trends Related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Elementary, Middle and High School Education (초·중·고 교육분야의 인공지능(AI) 관련 해외 연구동향 분석)

  • Jung, Young-Joo;Kim, Hea-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.313-334
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to analyze AI research trends related to elementary, middle, and high school education. To this end, the related literature was collected from the SCOPUS database and the publication period of the collected literature was from 1974 to March 2021, with 154 journal papers and 571 conference papers. Research trends were analyzed based on the co-occurrences analysis technique of 4,521 words of author keyword and index keyword included in these papers. As a result of the analysis, big data, data mining, data science and deep learning were found as the latest research trends with machine learning and there was a difference between elementary, middle and high school education. It can be seen that elementary school had a lot of robot-related research, middle school had a lot of game and data-related research, and high school had various and in-depth research. In discussion, we mapped the top 50 words common to elementary, middle, and high schools with the 'Artificial Intelligence Basics' curriculum of Korean Government and '5 Big Ideas' of the United States Government so that AI research can be viewed at a glance.

Bibliometric analysis of source memory in human episodic memory research (계량서지학 방법론을 활용한 출처기억 연구분석: 인간 일화기억 연구를 중심으로)

  • Bak, Yunjin;Yu, Sumin;Nah, Yoonjin;Han, Sanghoon
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.23-50
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    • 2022
  • Source memory is a cognitive process that combines the representation of the origin of the episodic experience with an item. By studying this daily process, researchers have made fundamental discoveries that make up the foundation of brain and behavior research, such as executive function and binding. In this paper, we review and conduct a bibliometric analysis on source memory papers published from 1989 to 2020. This review is based on keyword co-occurrence networks and author citation networks, providing an in-depth overview of the development of source memory research and future directions. This bibliometric analysis discovers a change in the research trends: while research prior to 2010 focused on individuality of source memory as a cognitive function, more recent papers focus more on the implication of source memory as it pertains to connectivity between disparate brain regions and to social neuroscience. Keyword network analysis shows that aging and executive function are continued topics of interest, although frameworks in which they are viewed have shifted to include developmental psychology and meta memory. The use of theories and models provided by source memory research seem essential for the future development of cognitive enhancement tools within and outside of the field of Psychology.