• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2001

Density, viscosity, conductance, dye solubility and carbon-13 nmr studies were performed in aqueous solution of three disodium 4-n-alkyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate anionic surfactant at $20^{\circ}C$. The cmc values were 0.14 mol/l for the disodium-4-n-octyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate($R_{8)S$), 0.041mol/l for the disodium-4-n-decyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate($R_{10}S$), and 0.018mol/l for the disodium-n-dodecyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate <$R_{12}S$). The aggregation numbers determined viscometrically and conductimetrically were 28 for $R_{8}S$, 48 for $R_{10}S$, and 67 for $R_{12}S$. The volume changes upon micellization were $8.9cm^{3}/mol$ for $R_{8}S$, $9.5cm^{3}/mol$ for $R_{10}S$, and $10.1cm^{3}/mol$ for $R_{12}S$. Binding constants for the dye pada to the micelles and the fractions of unbound counter-ion were also obtained. The two polar heads with their carbon linkage were likely in an aqueous environment in the $R_{8}S$ micelles with the micelles themselves being spherical.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

Protein -surfactant interactions have been investigate by measuring ζ-potential of $\beta$-lactoglobulin-coated emulsion droplets and $\beta$-lactoglobulin in solution in the rpesenceof surfactant, with particular emphasis on the effect of protein heat treatment(7$0^{\circ}C$, 30min). When ionic surfactant (SDS or DATEM) is added to the protein solution, the ζ-potential of the mixture is found to increase with increasing surfactant concentration, indicating surfactant binding to the protein molecules. For heat-denatured protein,it has been observed that the ζ-potential tends to be lower than that of the native protein. The effect of surfactant on emulsions is rather complicated .With SDS, small amounts of surfactant addition induce a sharp increase in zeta potential arising from the specific interaction of surfactant with protein. With further surfacant addition, there is a gradual reductio in the ζ-potential, presumably caused by the displacement of adsorped protein (and protein-surfactant complex) from the emulsion droplet surfac by the excess of SDS molecules. At even higher surfactant concentrations, the measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of a surfactant measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of surfactant micellar structure at the oil droplet surface. This behaviour contrastswith the results of the corresponding systems containing the anionic emulsifier DATEM, in which the ζ-potential of the system is found to increase continuously with R, particularly at very low surfactant concentration. Overall, such behaviour is consisten with a combination of complexation and competitive displacement between surfactant and protein occurring at the oil-water interface. In addition, it has also been found that above the CMC, there is a time-dependent increase in the negative ζ-potential of emulsion droplets in solutions of SDS, possibly due to the solublization of oil droplets into surfactant micelles in the aqueous bulk phase.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.84-89
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• 2011

Cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated and identified from cocopeat which has a good quality as a bulking agent in composting. Various bacteria from different sourecs of cocopeat were detected on CMC agar media, and these were found to be Burkholderi2a sp., Bacillu subtilis, Sphingomonas sp., Rhodotorula sp. & Pseudomonas sp. etc. Among these, four bacteria were further selected and analyzed for their biochemical characteristics and CMCase activities. CMCase activities of four bacteria, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, B. subtilis, and P. luteola were found to be 83%, 40%, 8%, 6%, respectively, compared with that of the standard strain Cellulomonas sp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1446-1454
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• 2021

Herein, we cloned and expressed an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene (celA1805) from Bacillus subtilis B111 in Escherichia coli. The recombinant celA1805 contains a glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 8 domain and shared 76.8% identity with endo-1,4-β-glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. Results showed that the optimal pH and temperature of celA1805 were 6.0 and 50℃, respectively, and it was stable at pH 3-9 and temperature ≤50℃. Metal ions slightly affected enzyme activity, but chemical agents generally inhibited enzyme activity. Moreover, celA1805 showed a wide substrate specificity to CMC, barley β-glucan, lichenin, chitosan, PASC and avicel. The K_m and V_max values of celA1805 were 1.78 mg/ml and 50.09 µmol/min/mg. When incubated with cellooligosaccharides ranging from cellotriose to cellopentose, celA1805 mainly hydrolyzed cellotetrose (G4) and cellopentose (G5) to cellose (G2) and cellotriose (G3), but hardly hydrolyzed cellotriose. The concentrations of reducing sugars saccharified by celA1805 from wheat straw, rape straw, rice straw, peanut straw, and corn straw were increased by 0.21, 0.51, 0.26, 0.36, and 0.66 mg/ml, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest potential applications of celA1805 in biomass saccharification.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2010

An alkalophilic microorganism named DK-2386, which produces xylanase, was isolated from soil of Taejo-mountain, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea. The isolated strain was characterized as Gram-positive, with size of 0.4${\times}$2.5 ${\mu}$m, spore forming, anaerobic, catalase positive, possessed with hydrolysis abilities of casein, starch, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, and xylan, reduction of nitrate to nitrite, resistant against lysozyme, urease positive, and motility positive. The color of culture broth was reddish yellow. The strain DK-2386 was identified as Bacillus agaradhaerens by whole cell fatty-acid composition analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. However, it was not identical to Bacillus agaradhaerens 40952 obtained from the Korean Culture Center of Microorganism in its colour of culture broth. Therefore, we have named the newly isolated strain as Bacillus agaradhaerens DK-2386.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

The fibrous material fraction as a by-product from the commercial aloe vera gel processing was obtained and freeze dried. The physicochemical characteristics such as the proximate composition, crystalline/surface structures and several physical functionalities including the water holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SW), oil holding capacity (OHC), emulsion/foam properties and viscosity properties of this powdered sample (100 mesh) were investigated and analyzed by comparison with commercial $\alpha$-cellulose as a reference sample. The total dietary fiber content of powdered sample was very high as much as 87.5%, and the insoluble dietary and soluble dietary fiber content ratios were 77.6 and 22.4%, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of powdered sample showed a typical polysaccharide property and exhibited a x-ray diffraction pattern for cellulose III and IV like structure. SW (8.24${\pm}$0.15 mL/g), WHC(6.40${\pm}$0.19 g water/g solid) and OHC(10.32${\pm}$0.29 g oil/g solid) of freeze dried aloe cellulose were about 3.3, 1.4 and 2 times higher than those of commercial $\alpha$-cellulose, respectively. Aloe cellulose (~2%, w/v) alone had no foam capacity while improved the foam stability of protein solution (1% albumin+0.5% $CaCl_{2}$) by factor of 300%. Emulsion capacity of 2%(w/v) aloe cellulose was about 70% level of 0.5%(w/v) xanthan gum, but its emulsion stability was about 1.2 times higher than that of xanthan gum. Also, aloe cellulose containing CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose) of 0.3%(w/v) showed a very good dispersity. Aloe cellulose dispersion of above 1%(w/v) exhibited higher pseudoplasticity and concentration dependence than those of $\alpha$-cellulose dispersion, indicating the viscosity properties for new potential usage such as an excellent thickening agent.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2019

In this paper, reactive surfactants were synthesized by using acrylic acid or 3-butenoic acid as nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether (Brij 35) and polyoxyethylene(20) stearyl ether (Brij S20). The synthesis of surfactants was confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H$-NMR. The surface tension, emulsifying property, and foam power and stability were also measured. The surface tension value was 35~41 dyne/cm at an critical micelle concentration (cmc) which was measured as $1.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}9.7{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$ using a surface tension method. The emulsifying power of synthesized surfactant was measured with benzene, soybean oil and monomer. Also, the initial height of the bubbles and the height after 5 minutes were measured and the values were compared with each other.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.485-497
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of authentic leadership on creativity, psychological safety, and the mediating effects of cooperative behavior in order to enhance the creativity of personnel as a means of innovation in enterprises. The hypothesis was established based on the theory and prior study of authentic leadership, creativity, psychological safety, cooperation behavior. The data collected from 353 employees of domestic enterprises were verified for reliability and validity through CFA, SPSS 25, and AMOS 25. Macro Process 3.0 was used for hypothesis testing. Verification of the hypothesis of the study model showed that authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on psychological safety, cooperation behavior and creativity, and that the mediating effect of psychological safety and cooperation behavior was also significant. The significance of this study can be found in the fact that the impact of authentic leadership has been verified based on motivation among the CMC (Componential Model of Creativity) and that it has suggested that creativity of an organization's personnel may be enhanced by changing organizational culture through leadership.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.832-839
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• 2021

We tried to investigate the effects of substituent position, temperature, and additives such as NaCl and n-butanol on the solubilizations of cresol isomers by tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The measured solubilization constants (K_s) values for each cresol isomer increased in the order o-cresolo and ∆H^o values for the solubilizations of cresols were all negative values but the ∆S^o values were all positive values within the measured ranges. The values of ∆G^o increased also with increasing the concentration of n-butanol but decreased with increasing the concentration of NaCl. From these facts, we could conclude that both the enthalpy and entropy changes contribute together for the solubilizations of cresols isomers by cationic surfactant of TTAB and they are solubilized in the polar palisade region or at the surface of micelle.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.235-241
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• 2021

Sogunjung-tang (SGJT) is traditional herbal prescriptions used to treat abdominal pain. In this study, we evaluated the effect on inflammation and gastritis through SGJT formulation development. SGJT composition herbal medicine was boiled in water at 95~100℃ for 3 hours and then concentrated. Sogunjung-tang mix soft extract (STM) was prepared using pharmaceutical excipients such as purified water, sodium benzoate, β-cyclodextrin and CMC-Na. Anti-inflammatory experiment was conducted using STM and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells. Cell survival was measured by MTT method. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured using griess reagents, and pro inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR. Also, we verified STM validity in acute gastritis using the ICR mouse. STM was administered oral for three days. And 150 mM HCl in 60% ethanol was oral administered 0.5 mL one hour after the last drug administration. Mice were sacrificed 1 hour after 150 mM HCl in 60% ethanol administration. The gastric mucosa was visually observed. STM were not toxic in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment of STM inhibited the production of NO and inflammatory cytokine at the protein and mRNA levels. Also, in the acute gastritis model with the mouse, the treatment of STM improved gastric mucosal bleeding and edema. In summary, it was confirmed that the treatment of STM exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effects. Therefore, we suggest that STM may provide a preclinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and gastritis diseases.