• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.261-269
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on osteoarthritis (OA). Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were used as cranial cruciate ligament transection and partial meniscectomy models. The rabbits were divided into five groups (n = 6) according to the intra-articular injection materials: the control group with PBS, the HA group with hyaluronic acid, the CMC group with CMC, the MSC group with MSCs emerged in PBS, and the MSC+CMC group with CMC and MSCs. Knee thickness, extension angle, gross morphology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the effects of CMC and MSCs on rabbit OA. On the morphologic and histologic examination, the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia were markedly damaged in control group with higher Mankin score and lower cartilage surface thickness. However, OA related cartilage defects were alleviated by the treatment of MSC and/or CMC. The expressions of apoptotic and inflammatory cytokines were decreased and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) related collagens I and II were enhanced by the treatment of MSC and/or CMC. In conclusion, this study showed that CMC and MSC treatments have a beneficial effects on OA via the protection of cartilage damage, the stimulation of ECM, and the inhibition of inflammatory and apoptotic reaction.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

Curtain stability without curtain contraction is critical for a successful operation in curtain coating, and this can be influenced by the change in particle dynamics and rheological properties of coating colors. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were added to control the rheology of GCC based curtain coating colors. Surface tension was increased slightly with increasing content of cobinder. Shear-thinning of viscosity was more pronounced for the CMC containing GCC coating colors. Complex modulus decreased when small amount of PVA was used as a cobinder, but it increased in other coating colors. Extensional viscosity was increased with increasing of the cobinder content, but CMC was more effective. Results indicate that pigment interaction with PVA is different from that with CMC. Dispersibility of coating colors was improved due to steric stabilization when small amounts of PVA was used, but flocculation occurred by bridging when the amount of PVA was increased. Dispersibility of coating colors was improved when small amount of CMC was added, while flocculation was observed by depletion effect when the concentration of CMC was increased in coating colors. Addition of cobinders at proper levels gave positive effects both in rheological properties and curtain stability. On the other hand, excessive amount of cobinders caused particle flocculation and this resulted in rheological and curtain stablity problems.

• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2005

Carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) which is water soluble at room temperature was manufactured from the cellulose material in this study. Experimental parameters were reaction temperature, time and concentration of NaOH and monochloroacetic acid. CMC was tested for solubility, degree of substitution(D.S.) and tensile strength. The surface structure of CMC fiber was tested using scanning electron microscope(SEM). CMC manufactured from viscose rayon was affected by the chemical concentration rather then the reaction time and temperature. Also, degree of substitution is closely related to the solubility of the CMC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.353-354
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• 2006

This work describes the effect of binders, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), CMC+Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PTFE, on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of activated carbon-electrode for electric double layer capacitor. The cell capacitors using the electrode bound with binary binder composed of CMC and PTFE, especially m composition CMC ; PTFE = 60 : 40 wt %, has exhibited the better rate capability and the lower internal resistance than those of the cell capacitor with CMC. On the other hand, the sheet type electrode kneaded with PTFE was bonded with conductive adhesive on Al foil. This cell capacitor using the electrode with PTFE exhibited the best mechanical properties and rate capability compared to the CMC and CMC+PTFE one These behaviors could be explained by the well-developed network structure of PTFE fibrils during the kneading process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1167-1171
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• 2006

This work describes the effect of binders, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), CMC+ Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and PTFE, on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of activated carbon-electrode for electric double layer capacitor. The cell capacitors using the electrode bound with binary binder composed of CMC and PTFE, especially in composition CMC PTFE = 60 : 40 wt.%, has better rate capability and the lower internal resistance than those of the cell capacitor with CMC. On the other hand, the sheet type electrode kneaded with PTFE was bonded with conductive adhesive on Al foil. This cell capacitor using the electrode with PTFE exhibited the best mechanical properties and rate capability compared to the CMC and CMC+PTFE one. These behaviors could be explained by the well-developed network structure of PTFE fibrils doting the kneading process.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2000

축육 생산시 주요 부산물인 돼지 심장근으로부터 항산화제(0.02% propyl gallate, 0.2% asxorbic acid, 0.2% sodium tripolyphosphate) 첨가 세척액(25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0)에 의해 제조된 surimi(5% protein 0.6 M NaCl, 25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0)를 alginate(0.4%), calcium carbonate(0.075%) 및 lactate(0.6%) 등의 첨가에 의해 AC surimi 로 조제한 다음, CMC 또는 MC를 일정수준 (0.5%, 1.0%) 첨가하여 surimi 의 pH, 겔의 보수력과 조리 손실을 비롯하여 겔읨 루성을 비교 검톻였다. CMC 첨가시 pH는 0.2 단위씩 감소하는 경향을 보인데 비해 MC 첨가시에는 뚜렷한 변화를 보이지는 않았다. 조리 손실에 대한 영향을 살펴 본 결과 CMC와 MC 첨가구에서 0.5% CMC 첨가구를 제외하고서는 나머지 세 처리구에서 감소하는 경향이었고, 특히 MC 첨가시에는 대조구에 비해 뚜렷한 감소 경향을 나타내었으나(p<0.05) 첨가수준에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다 CMC나 MC의 첨가는 보수력에 대해서는 거의 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 물성에 대한 측정 결과에서 CMC 첨가시에는 겔의 강도. 경도 및 탄성등은 약간 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았고 (P<0.05), MC 첨가시에는 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 겔 응집성에 대해서는 CMC와 MC 첨가에 의해 서로 다른 경향을 나타내었다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-58
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• 2007

The present paper aims at comparing the two modes of CMC - synchronous and asynchronous - in terms of discourse markers used in turn-initial positions. It further attempts to examine the viability and limitations of these two modes of CMC in fostering EFL learners' face-to-face conversation skills. For these purposes, the present study analyzed 33 Korean EFL learners' Web chat and E-mail exchange data. Discourse markers in the participants' Web chat transcripts and those in their E-mail transcripts were identified and then compared in terms of their frequency and functions. The analysis revealed that the participants show difference in their preference for discourse markers depending on the modes of CMC. Also, the functions of discourse markers used for Web chat showed were strikingly different from those for e-mail. Especially, e-mail discourse markers revealed greater discrepancy from the markers in face-to-face conversation. The differences were found to be attributable to the time factor involved with the turn-taking systems of the two modes of CMC, especially the degree of instantaneousness in their turn-taking. Findings suggest that the turn taking skills and discourse marker use in CMC is not applicable to face-to-face conversation contexts. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.443-450
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• 2006

Micelles have been used in many applications. In these applications it is of prime importance to know how the critical micelle concentration (CMC), above which the micelles are formed, depends on temperature. Up to date polynomial functions of temperature have been used to describe temperature dependence of CMC. In this article it is shown that such polynomials are inadequate tools to express thermal behavior of CMC. Hence, new equations of CMC(T) have been derived on the basis of rigorous thermodynamic equations and experimental observations on CMCs. The new equations fit CMC data excellently, and further they lead to a power law for the CMC. The exponent of the power-law expression is 2 irrespective of surfactant systems, which points to the generality of newly found equations.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2010

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used in the areas such as integrate circuit, cell electrode and antimicrobial deodorant. In this study, AgNPs have been prepared by using $AgNO_3$ aqueous solution in the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel. CMC powders were dissolved in deionized water, and then irradiated by a gamma-ray with a radiation dose of 50 kGy to make CMC hydrogel. CMC hydrogels were dipped into $1.0{\times}10^{-2}M$ $AgNO_3$ solution for 1 hour. After that, the swollen hydrogels were irradiated by gamma-ray for the formation of AgNPs. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles in the CMC hydrogels were monitored by UV-Vis and the morphological study and dispersed coefficient of particles were investigated by FE-SEM/EDX. It was observed that the sodium salt in the CMC is crucial to the formation of silver nanoparticle. Finally, antibacterial tests indiacted that the hydrogel containing silver nanoparticle has antibacterial activity.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 2010

In this study, the effect of the concentration of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution on the degradation by irradiation was investigated. The CMC solutions with different concentrations of 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% were irradiated at the doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kGy with gamma ray or electron beam, and the viscosity of CMC solution was measured. The viscosity of the CMC solutions was decreased with an increase in the irradiation dose, but the extent of the degradation by an irradiation was found to be decreased with an increase of the CMC concentration in the solution. The dependency of the irradiation sources showed that an electron beam radiation had degraded the CMC less severely than gamma ray.