• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 한정 용량 차량 경로탐색 문제(CVRP, Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem)에서 이분 시드 검출 방법(Bisection Seed Detection)을 이용한 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 알고리즘은 3단계로 구성된다. 1단계에서는 improved sweep 알고리즘을 이용해서 초기 클러스터를 구성한다. 2단계에서는 1단계에서 얻은 각 클러스터에 대하여 이분 시드 검출 법을 이용해서 seed 노드를 선택하고, regret 값에 따라 각 경로에 고객 노드들을 삽입 함으로서 차량 이동 경로를 생성한다. 3단계에서는 tabu 탐색 방법과 노드 교환 알고리즘(node exchange algorithm)을 이용하여 2단계에서 얻어진 각 경로를 더욱 향상 시킨다. 본 논문의 실험에서는 제안된 휴리스틱이 비교적 빠른 시간 내에 최적 근사 값을 얻을 수 있음을 보였으며, 이는 빠른 실행 시간을 요구하는 실 업무에 유용하다.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.997-1005
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to measure the sensibility and preference of American consumers for domestically-manufactured cotton fabrics through 7-points scale questionnaires and the 4-dimensions and 8-axes system. The key words included such images as masculine-feminine, new-old, casual-classic, and ambiguous-orderly. The images of cotton fabrics were classified through a cluster analysis. This research also included an investigation of relationship between sensibilities for cotton fabrics and their physical characteristics. The sensibilities of cotton fabrics were classified into 4 groups: 'feminine sensibility,' 'masculine sensibility,' 'new sensibility,' and 'casual sensibility.' This result represents that American consumers' sensibility is simpler than Koreans'. The order of preference was 'feminine sensibility', 'masculine sensibility', 'new sensibility', and 'casual sensibility.' The sensibilities of cotton fabrics were explained significantly by stiffness, weight, weft density, value, and chroma. Specifically, those were more influenced by color characteristics such as value, chroma, and hue than by physical characteristics. We should be able to tell a difference in the reaction of a trading country's consumers and domestic consumers to domestically-manufactured cotton fabrics through comparing this research with the previous work(Shin & Lee, 2002). Additionally, we will be able to establish a basic strategy for successfully advancing Korean fabrics into the American domestic textile industry. In this way we can expect to increase the competitive power of our domestic clothes brands.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2017

The primary purpose of this research is to understand those elements that define heavy metals contamination and to propose a novel assessment method based on principal component analysis (PCA) in the Yangping River region of Lingbao City, China. This paper makes detailed calculations regarding such factors the single-factor assessment ($P_i$) and Nemerow's multi-factor index ($P_N$) of heavy metals found in the surface water of the Yangping River. The maximum values of $P_i$ (Cd) and $P_i$ (Pb) were determined to be 892.000 and 113.800 respectively. The maximum value of $P_N$ was calculated to be 639.836. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and PCA indicated heavy metal groupings as follows: Cu, Pb, Zn and As, Hg, Cd. The PCA-based pollution index ($P_{an}$) of samplings was subsequently calculated. The relative coefficient square was valued at 0.996 between $P_{an}$ and $P_N$, which indicated that $P_{an}$ is able to serve as a new heavy metal pollution index; not only this index able to eliminate the influence of the maximum value of $P_i$, but further, this index contains the principal component elements needed to evaluate heavy metal pollution levels.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2003

SPM99를 이용한 뇌지도 작성 과정에서 각각의 뇌 영상을 SPM99에서 제공하는 template image와 소아의 영상으로 만든 template image로 각각 공간 규격화하였을때 소아 ADHD 환자의 정상인 소아와 환자 그룹간의 비교를 실행하여 뇌혈류의 변화를 분석, 결과를 비교하였다. P-value를 0.05로 하였을 때 SPM99에서 제공하는 template image로 규격화하여 t-test를 한 결과 Inter-hemispheric 부근과 대뇌 후두엽에서 혈류량이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있으나 12명의 정상 소아의 평균 image로 만든 template image로 규격화한 결과의 경우 좌뇌(Left Cerebrum)의 두정엽(Parietal Lobe)에서 또 다른 혈류량증가의 cluster가 나타났다.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 2006

Genomic DNA samples isolated from two geographical crayfish (Cambaroides similis) populations in the inland of the Korean Peninsula, at Jeonju (Jeonju crayfish; JJC) and Jeongup (Jeongup crayfish; JUe), were PCR-amplified repeatedly. The six arbitrarily selected primers OPC-03, OPC-06, OPC-09, URP-02, URP07 and URP-09 generated the common, specific, and polymorphic fragments. The sizes of DNA fragments also varied widely, from 100 bp - 2,600 bp. Here, 521 fragments were identified in the JJC population, and 354 in the JUC population: 6 primers generated 60 specific fragments (60/521 fragment, 11.5%) in the JJC population, and 90 (90/354 fragments, 25.4%) in the JUC population. These primers produced 42 polymorphic fragments (8.1%) in the DC population, and 18 (5.1%) in the mc population. Especially these results demonstrate that the primers detected numerous specific fragments. Especially, the decamer primer OPC-06 generated inter-population-common DNA fragments, approximately 400 and 800 bp, respectively, in both the JJC and JUC populations. The universal primer URP-02 also generated inter-population-identical DNA fragments, approximately 350 bp and 600 bp, between the two geographical crayfish populations. Based on the average bandsharing values of all samples, the bandsharing value of individuals within the JJC population was much higher than in the JUC population. The bandsharing value between individuals no. 10 and no. 15 was 0.683, which was the highest between the two geographical populations. The dendrogram obtained by the six primers indicates two genetic clusters: cluster I (CRAYFISH 01 - CRAYFISH II), and cluster 2 (CRAYFISH 12 - CRAYFISH 22). The genetic distance between the two geographical populations ranged from 0.053 to 0.605. Ultimately, the longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was found to exist between individuals in the two crayfish populations, between individuals CRAYFISH no. 02 of Jeonju and CRAYFTSH no. 15 of Jeongup (genetic distance = 0.605).

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2008

Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and m-, p-, and o-xylene, the most influential aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were measured in Bangkok, Thailand, one of the most rapidly developing urban areas in Southern East Asia. The purpose of this study is to characterize the ambient air quality with respect to above mentioned aromatic compounds. The data were monitored in ten sites which cover roadside area, residential area and background area. Canister technique was used to obtain air sample at 24 hour interval per a month during April-August in 2007. GC/MS with three stage preconcentrator was used to analyze these samples. The average concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene m-, p-xylene and o-xylene are 5.8, 36.1, 4.1, 11.0 and $3.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. They were observed to be distributed in a log-normal form. Moreover, o-xylene and m, p-xylene exhibited a very good correlation (r=0.976). The slope of the regression equation between them was 3.07 which consisted with a previous reported value. The average ratio of toluene to benzene was 6.4 in April, May June and August. This value was comparable to the ones measured in other Asian cities. Two types of statistical analyses, cluster and factor analyses, were applied to the data in this study. Well characterization was made to understand the air quality of Bangkok area.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2005

81.1% of traffic accidents is attributed to the drivers. In this regard, D/E model is a practical and effective method in terms of the cost and time in evaluating the road hazardousness. To examine the validity of the threshold values by the levels of demand We selected 10 subjects and collected their physiological signals while they were driving on Honam Highway (Jeonju ${\leftrighttarro}$ Hoideog section). Based on the collected data, the hazardous road condition was evaluated using the new threshold values of the effort level determined by cluster analysis. In applying the D/E model, a decision method based on the demand level was suggested, using a traffic accident prediction model. Additionally, the limit value of the effort level was determined using the drivers' physiological signal data collected at the highway. A comparison analysis of the two D/E models revealed no significant difference: The existing method and the clustering method determined 9 and 7 hazardous road zones, respectively, while actual traffic accidents were reported in 6 and 4 zones, respectively among the predicted road hazardous zones. However, the latter method suggested a more scientific and rational basis in determining the limit value of the Effort level. In conclusion, although D/E model has a great merit as a pioneering method to reflect human factors in evaluating the road hazardousness, it is believed that this method could be improved by a more dynamic method that considers the traffic conditions and the individual physiological signal of the drivers simultaneously in determining a better limit.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
• /
• 제16C권2호
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2009

신뢰 기반 네트워크에서 상호 통신 연결을 위해 상대 노드가 얼마나 믿을만한 노드 인지를 결정하는 문제가 가장 중요하다. 현재의 신뢰 기반 네트워크에서는 노드의 상태를 관찰함으로써 신뢰 값을 생성하고, 통신 노드를 평가하는 과정을 통해 상호 통신 연결을 수립한다. 본 논문에서는 애드혹 환경에서 새로운 노드가 클러스터 내로 진입하여 통신을 설정하고자 하는 대상 노드를 찾을 때, 사용될 수 있는 4가지의 신뢰모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델들은 평판 서버의 유무와 신뢰의 평가 방법들에 따라 분류 되었다. 제안된 모델을 통해서, 평판 서버가 클러스터내에 존재하고 신뢰 평가 시 자신의 경험 정보뿐만 아니라 이웃 노드의 평판을 고려하는 경우 더 신속하게 대상 노드를 찾을 수 있음을 보인다. 제안된 모델의 성능 분석은 각 모델에서 노드의 최종 신뢰 값을 생성하기 위해 소요 되는 통신지연시간의 측정에 초점을 맞추었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.122-133
• /
• 2019

The maritime industry has emerged as a new growth engine. The municipalities that own the port are trying to add value through the maritime industry. Overseas port cities are also creating maritime industrial clusters to generate profits and strengthen competitiveness. Therefore, it is very important to understand the comparative status of the domestic maritime industry by region. Based on this analysis, it is possible to establish maritime industrial clusters and strategies for integration. This study analyzed the structure of the maritime industry located in Jeollanamdo province, the southwestern part of Korea. Through the analysis of existing literature, the maritime industry was reclassified into 5 major categories, 21 subcategories, and 84 subcategories. Based on the reclassified maritime industry, the analysis of the Jeollanamdo province maritime industry was based on applying the location quotient and the shift-share analysis. As a result of analyzing the geographical location of Jeollanamdo province, other industries showed the highest value of 2.790, followed by fisheries (2.227), shipbuilding industry (1.164) and marine tourism industry (0.554). The growth effect of the maritime industry in Jeollanamdo province was 35,323 people, and net growth effect excluding national growth effect was 11,945 people. In particular, the net growth effect of the shipbuilding industry was the highest at 11,320, followed by shipping logistics (6,371) and marine tourism (1,529). On the other hand, there was no net growth effect in fisheries. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the construction of the maritime industrial cluster for Jellanamdo province in the future.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.1757-1765
• /
• 2021

Objective: The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) gene group, which is closely linked and highly polymorphic, has important biomedical significance in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. However, genetic polymorphism analyses of SLA microsatellite markers in Chinese miniature pigs are limited. Methods: Eighteen pairs of microsatellite primers were used to amplify the SLA regions of seven miniature pig breeds and three wild boar breeds (n = 346) from different regions of China. The indexes of genetic polymorphism, including expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and haplotype, were analyzed. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) and neighbor-joining methods were used for cluster analysis of the breeds. Results: In miniature pigs, the SLA I region had the highest numbers of polymorphisms, followed by the SLA II and SLA III regions; the region near the centromere had the lowest number of polymorphisms. Among the seven miniature pig breeds, Diannan small-ear pigs had the highest genetic diversity (PIC value = 0.6396), whereas the genetic diversity of the Hebao pig was the lowest (PIC value = 0.4330). The Fst values in the Mingguang small-ear, Diannan small-ear, and Yunnan wild boars were less than 0.05. According to phylogenetic cluster analysis, the South-China-type miniature pigs clustered into one group, among which Mingguang small-ear pigs clustered with Diannan small-ear pigs. Haplotype analysis revealed that the SLA I, II, and III regions could be constructed into 13, 7, and 11 common haplotypes, respectively. Conclusion: This study validates the high genetic diversity of the Chinese miniature pig. Mingguang small-ear pigs have close kinship with Diannan small-ear pigs, implying that they may have similar genetic backgrounds and originate from the same population. This study also provides a foundation for genetic breeding, genetic resource protection, and classification of Chinese miniature pigs.