• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.38 no.3 s.116
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to find in what color Hanji(Korean hand-made paper) is dyed when it is dyed with a pigment extracted from clove tree using different kinds of mordant, and how the paper is discolored and variety of strength under the condition of accelerated aging test. The results of this experiment are as follows. The Hanji dyed with aluminum acetate mordant was colored yellowish brown at pH 4.82, discoloration after aging was as much as a slight difference of color was recognized, and the decrease of strength after aging test was small. Thus, the method using aluminum acetate mordant was usable in coloring Hanji. The second most useful Hanji dyeing moth of was using distilled water and ferrous sulfate mordant, which dyed Hanji light brown at pH 6.03. However, when pigment was extracted using distilled water and copper sulfate mordant was used, discoloration was satisfactory but strength decreased too much and pale brown was obtained. Thus, this method was not usable.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.171-181
• /
• 2022

Purpose: In this paper, we show our blending ratio of 10 types of Essential Oils that survives beneficial bacteria and kills harmful bacteria in the scalp, and we investigate the possibility of application of our blending ratio to the development of anti-dandruff products and the possibility of being used as a raw material for clinical beauty and customized cosmetics. Methods: The scalp microorganisms used in our study were M. furfur, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. nitroreducens. There are a total of 10 Essential Oils such as True Lavender, Lime, Roman chamomile, Rosemary camphor, Cedarwood, Geranium, Clove, Tea tree, Palmalosa, and Peppermint. The antibacterial test of the blended Essential Oil was carried out according to the test method of the standardized evaluation methodology of "Food and Food Additives Code". Since M. furfur is related to the growth of sebum in the scalp, in this study we used the fnLNB and the fnLNA with 20 ㎖ of whole fat cow milk added. Results: The blending ratio of EO, which inhibits dandruff-causing bacteria such as M. furfur, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and does not inhibit P. nitroreducens showing dominant growth in a healthy scalp, was B8(Clove 0.2%, Roman chamomile 0.5%, Tea tree 0.3%), B9(Geranium 0.1%, Palmarosa 0.1%, Roman chamomile 0.5%, Tea tree 0.3%), B10(Clove 0.1%, Geranium 0.1%, Palmarosa 0.1%, Roman chamomile 0.5%, Tea tree 0.2%). Conclusion: It is thought that the blending ratio of BEO obtained as a result of this study can provide a basis for use as an alternative to antibiotics in developing anti-dandruff drugs and emerge as a new alternative to solve scalp microbial imbalance. In order for EO to be used as a useful raw material for anti-dandruff preparation, researches on 1) Standardization (the effects of products differ according to the types, regions, climate, extraction methods, etc.), 2) Antimicrobial effects, 3) Safety, etc., must be established.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.535-542
• /
• 2018

The current study investigated the beneficial effects of 15 essential oils isolated from tree branches, leaves, and flowers. Among these oils, clove bud and Illicium anisatum oils showed the most potent anti-oxidant effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'azinbis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Next, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of 15 essential oils on Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Streptococcus mutans. Clove bud significantly decreased growth of 5 bacterial strains. In addition, clove bud, Magnolia kobus, Picea abies and Chamaecyparis obtuse significantly reduced growth of the fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Additionally, clove bud also remarkably reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that essential oils isolated from trees, which exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, may be potentially useful in the development of cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.198-205
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Antibiotics help treat Vaginitis, and prolonged usage of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Methods: This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of two types of lactic acid bacteria using essential oils. After cultivation by adding grapefruit seed extract (GSE), eucalyptus, tea tree, clove bud, cinnamon, lemongrass, thyme, and ginger oils in a specific ratio, pathogenic microorganisms, namely E. coli, C. albicans, and lactic acid bacteria were released. The number of bacteria was measured using a medium suitable for the strains. Results: The essential oils and GSE inhibited pathogenic microorganisms, and the inhibitory concentration of GSE against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, C. albicans) was confirmed. The non-inhibitory mixing ratio was also confirmed (50 μl of eucalyptus globulus (EG) oil and 50 μl of melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil, TTO) at 200 ppm GSE (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0)). Conclusion: Essential oils can be considered as an alternative to antibiotics because of their antibacterial properties. They are useful as auxiliary antibacterial agents for patients under long-term antibiotic treatment.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2015

White grub damages various crops, trees and they can also be one of the most serious pests of turf grass in golf courses. This study was conducted to determine the biocontrol of white grubs with 18 different kinds (anise, camphor, castor, cinnamon, clove oil, citronella, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, rosemary, tea-tree, thyme, and turpentine) of plant essential oils in laboratory, green house and field. Anise oil (88.9%), linseed oil (100%), and tea-tree oil (88.9%) were highly effective among tested essential oils against 3rd instar of Bifurcanmala aulax in cap vial experiment. However, anise and linseed oils showed low mortality against $3^{rd}$ instar of Popillia japonica in pot greenhouse experiment. Efficacy of anise, linseed oil, and tea-tree was also different depending on target white grub in field trials. Correlated mortality showed 32.6% only in tea-tree oil treatment against pupae of Adoretus tenuimaculatus however, correlated mortality of anise, linseed and tea-tree oil were 54.8, 51.6 and 56.5% respectively against $3^{rd}$ instar of Exomala orientalis in the field trial in Adelscott Country Club in Hapcheon, Gyeongnam province.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.460-465
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out in order to investigate the potential of using plant oils derived from Leptospermum petersonii Bailey and Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. Et Perry as natural antifungal agents. The antifungal effects of essential oils at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/ml on the dermatophytes Microsporum canis (KCTC 6591), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (KCTC 6077), Trichophyton rubrum (KCCM 60443), Epidermophyton floccosum (KCCM 11667), and Microsporum gypseum were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. The major constituents of the active fraction against the dermatophytes were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The antifungal activities of S. aromaticum oil (clove oil) against the dermatophytes tested were highest at a concentration of 0.2mg/ml, with an effectiveness of more than 60%. Hyphal growth was completely inhibited in T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and M. gypseum by treatment with clove oil at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Eugenol was the most effective antifungal constituent of clove oil against the dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. Morphological changes in the hyphae of T. mentagrophytes, such as damage to the cell wall and cell membrane and the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, after treatment with 0.11 mg/ml eugenol were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, L. petersonii oil (LPO) was more than 90% effective against all of the dermatophytes tested, with the exception of T. rubrum. Geranial was determined to be the most active antifungal constituent of L. petersonii oil. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that clove and tea tree oils exhibited significant antifungal activities against the dermatophytes tested in this study.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.257-263
• /
• 1995

As a primary step to develop natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of kimchi, the effect of 102 edible plants, 21 antimicrobial agents and related compounds on kimchi fermentation was studied. Among 42 oriental medicinal plants tested, Baical skullcap and Assam indigo were found to be highly effective for maintaining the fresh state of kimchi. Although Bugbane, Red mangolia, Bushy sophora, Szechuan pepper, Chinese quince and Scisandre significantly inhibit the growth of Lactobacilli, their effect was not high enough to be used as raw materials for kimchi preservative. When the effect of 32 herbs and spices was tested, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon balm, clove, hop, rosemary, sage, horseradish and thyme showed high antimicrobial activity against kimchi microorganisms. Among them, the effect of clove ranked top. When it was added to fresh kimchi, initial cfu value ($2.4{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$) changed little even after 2 day's fermentation ($2.6{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$). Sensory test was not a good criteria to evaluate the effect of herbs and spices, since their highly specific flavors affected the taste of kimchies. Twenty eight fruits, vegetables and related plants were tested, but only leaves of pine tree, persimmon and oak leaves showed a significant bactericidal effect, finally contributing to the storage of kimchi. In addition, when 21 natural preservatives and other compounds were added individually to fresh kimchi, nisin and caffeic acid could inhibit fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.31-45
• /
• 2022

After manufacturing the natural dyed actual size Hanji using 11 kinds of plant natural dyeing materials and 2 kinds of animal natural dyeing materials, the color characteristics and color change and color fastness after post-mordanting were compared and discussed. The hues of 13 types of natural dyed Hanji were black, PB, and RP, each with 1 type, YP with 3 types, and Y with 7 types. Among the natural dyeing materials, Chinese ink, indigo and Lac showed high color yield and color difference, and violet-root cromwell and gardenia seeds showed low color yield. The color fastness of Hanji dyed with turpentine diluted Ottchil, Pagoda tree seeds, Chinese ink and indigo was excellent, while that of gardenia seeds and violet-root cromwell were very poor. After post-mordanting of natural dyed Hanji with Al, Cu, and Fe mordants, the hue changes were show up the Alnus firma, clove, lac and cochineal. In addition, the color difference was very diverse and was overall the most biggest due to Fe mordant. After 72 hr. of UV irradiation on post-mordanting natural dyed Hanji, hue change was observed in 3 types and color fastness was improved in 8 types by post-mordanting. The Hue and color fastness are significantly different depending on the type of natural dying materials and post-mordants. Therefore, when dyeing Hanji with natural dyes, it is necessary to dye with sufficient knowledges and informations about the desired color and fastness.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence rate of bacteremia following toothbrushing with toothpastes composed of several antibacterial agents and compare the results with the conventional oral hygiene maintaining methods in orthodontic patients. Methods: This clinical study included 100 adult orthodontic patients who were divided into 4 groups. Each group comprised of 25 patients, wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. In the first group, bacteremia was assessed after toothbrushing without using any toothpaste. In the second group, a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse was used before brushing with no toothpaste. In the third group, subjects brushed with a commonly used toothpaste which did not include an additional antimicrobial agent. The fourth experimental group used toothpaste which included tea tree oil, clove oil, peppermint oil and bisabolol as antimicrobial elements. Pre- and post-brushing blood samples were obtained using a strict aseptic technique. All samples were microbiologically evaluated using blood culture bottles. Results: Toothbrushing in orthodontic patients yielded to an increase in the occurrence rate of bacteremia when using normal toothpaste or no toothpaste at all. Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine mouthwash before toothbrushing, and brushing with antimicrobial toothpaste did not show a statistically significant difference in preventing the occurrence of bacteremia (p > 0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2010

Effects of thirteen essential oils (anise oil, clove oil, marigold, mustard oil, neem oil, quassia, quilaja, rosemary oil, rotenone, tea tree extract, thyme oil, wintergreen oil, and yucca) and caffeine on typical industrial insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori) and two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN-1 strain (Sc) and Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain (Hg) were investigated in the laboratory. When 1,000 ppm of each essential oils was treated, neem oil showed the highest insecticidal activity against silkworm. Mortality of silkworm fed on neem oil treated mulberry leaf was 55.3 and 100% 5 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. The silkworm fed on neem oil treated mulberry leaf did not make cocoon and pupa. Weight of cocoon and pupa was low in rotenone treatment showing 0.27 g and 1.01 g, respectively. Mustard oil had the highest nematicidal activity against entomopathogenic nematodes. 20 ppm of mustard oil resulted in 69.0% and 100% mortality of Sc and Hg 3 days after treatment, but 4% and 36% at 5 ppm in X-plate, respectively. Mortality of baited Galleria mellonella larva by Sc was not different from control at the concentration of 100 ppm of mustard oil while 30% lower in Hg in sand barrier. Mean numbers of established infective juveniles of Hg in Galleria larva were lower than Sc in sand barrier. Survival rate of Sc was similar to control at the concentration of <200 ppm of mustard oil in sand barrier.