• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.547-558
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to classify shopper types based on clothing shopping orientations and to identify the differences in store selection criteria and demographic characteristics by shopper types. The questionnaire was administered to female and male undergraduate and graduate students living in Seoul. Of 330 returned questionnaires, 319 were used in the statistical analysis which were factor analysis, cluster analysis, $\chi$$^2$-test, and One-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Clothing shopping orientations had six factors: recreational shopping, name conscious shopping, economic shopping, fashion oriented shopping, convenience shopping. and individualistic shopping. Cluster analysis identified that clothing shopping orientations had four groups: recreational cluster, individualistic cluster, demanding shopper cluster, and convenient brand conscious shopper cluster. 2) Clothing shopping orientations were significantly different in relation to the demographic characteristics such as gender, major field of study, expenditure on clothing, pocket money, and family income level. 3) Store selection criteria had five factors: service quality, physical store environment, sales personnel, shopping convenience, and other attractions. 4) There were significant differences in physical store environment, shopping convenience, and other attractions according to the shopper clusters.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in clothing shopping orientation among female adults according to their level of self-esteem and body cathexis. The subjects included 460 women ranging in age from 20 to 69, living in the Daegu area. The data was analyzed by frequency, factor-analysis, mean calculation, ANOVA and the Duncan-test using the SPSS-package. The overall results are as follows: First, clothing shopping orientation fell into five categories: 'hedonic', 'trend conscious', 'store-patronizing', 'economic', and 'independent' shopping orientation. Second, there were measurable differences in clothing shopping orientation related to one's level of self-esteem. Third, there was a significant difference in clothing shopping orientation according to the one's level of body cathexis. It appears that high levels of body cathexis do predict a tendency towards a more 'independent' clothing shopping orientation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.683-693
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• 2010

The aim of the present study is to investigate the complex shopping behavior of clothing consumer groups classified by the level of economic shopping orientation. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 260 respondents rated their economic shopping orientation, hedonic shopping orientation, convenient shopping orientation, store selection criteria, clothing interest, gender, age, and other demographic characteristics. A total of 248 questionnaires were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, economic consumers showed more hedonic and convenient shopping orientation than uneconomic consumers. In addition, economic consumers valued various store selection criteria. These implied that economic consumers show more complex clothing shopping behavior than uneconomic consumers. Second, as the result of comparing complex shopping behavior of economic consumers and uneconomic consumers by their characteristics such as clothing interest, gender, and age, economic consumers were found to show more complex shopping behavior than uneconomic consumers regardless of the consumer characteristics. Among them, economic consumers with higher clothing interest or in adult age particularly showed more complex shopping behavior. Furthermore, economic consumers with different consumer characteristics showed quite different aspects in their complex shopping behavior. Third, uneconomic consumers showed relatively simple, impulsive, and price-apathetic shopping behavior.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.666-679
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to analyze clothing shopping orientation and impulsive purchase behavior for clothing by using adolescents. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey from 680 middle and high school students living in Gangrung area from July 2 to July 6, 2001; 582 were used for the data analysis. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis, 1-test, ANOVA, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed significant differences in clothing shopping orientation and in the impulsive shopping factors for clothing among the groups determined by demographic characteristics and, in the impulsive shopping factors for clothing among groups determined by the shopping orientation. Female students and high school students showed higher tendencies of recent experiences of impulsive buying for clothing. More thin half of the subjects tended to spend less than 30,000 won and to buy two items each time when purchasing clothing impulsively. Most students used discount shops or specialized stores fur impulsive purchase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.766-776
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was 1) to identify the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information in internet shopping, 2) to classify consumers based on the clothing benefits, 3) and to examine the differences among consumer groups in the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information. The data were collected from a sample of 500 internet shopper aged from 20 to 40. This study used factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results showed that the reasons for delay of decision making consisted of eight factors: Performance risk, Comparison shopping, Economic shopping, Social risk, Uncertainty, Expecting of market change, Product unsatisfaction, Passive shopping. The shopping information consisted of three factors: Product variety, Product information, Additional information. Five factors of clothing benefits were Economy, Figure compensation, Social position, Individuality, and Comfort. The respondents were classified into four groups by five factors of clothing benefits; Individuality seeking group, Low-benefits seeking group, Economy seeking group, Figure compensation/comfort seeking group. There were significant differences among groups in the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information among groups. Therefore, marketers need to provide different shopping information for delay closure by target groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.764-774
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in consumer clothing shopping orientation and shopping behaviors by the multi-selection of internet and offline stores. The data were collected from 201 men and women in their twenties and the respondents were grouped into three as internet-store users, multi-store users, and offline-store users. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, ANOVA, post-hoc analysis, frequency analysis, and chi-square analysis. The results are as following. First, the clothing shopping orientation was partly different among the groups. Regarding the offline shopping orientation, the groups showed difference in the impulsive orientation, and regarding the online shopping orientation, the groups showed differences in the goal oriented and enjoying orientation. In all the three cases, the internet users showed strongest orientation, and the next were multi-store users and offline-store users. The cause of these results were explained as the familiarity and experience with the channel. Second, the clothing shopping behaviors were also partly different among the groups. The groups showed no differences in the preferred store type and benefits sought, but showed significant difference in the attitude toward the internet shopping. The internet-store users showed most positive attitude, and the next were multi-store users and offline-store users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1065-1075
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine consumers＇ internet clothing shopping motives and its relation with information search and impulse buying behavior. Also, this study examines how these variables affect internet shopping satisfaction. An on-line survey was made to collect data, and the replies from 940 people, who had an experience of apparel shopping on line, were used in the analysis. The research results are as follows: 1. As the results of factor, internet shopping motives comprised 4 factors: pleasure shopping motive, economy shopping motive, and information search shopping motive. 2. Consumers usually visited 3 different sites to shop clothing and they spent about 15-30 minutes at the malls. 3. Pleasure shopping motive and ongoing information search influenced on impulse buying behaviors. 4. Ongoing information search, economy shopping motive and impulse shopping behavior gave a strong influence on the internet shopping satisfaction. 5. Consumers were classified into 4 groups in terms of internet shopping motives: convenience group, economy pursuing group, and pleasure pursuing group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.284-295
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics on Department stores consumers and to compare consumer characteristics among shopper types and department store types. For this purpose an ethnographic approach which is a kind of qualitative analysis was performed first. And then The data were collected from 600 female consumers over twenties and residing in Pusan Finally 499 data were used for the statistical analysis. 1. The results of clothing shopping orientations study were as follows : As a result of qualitative analysis those who patronize department stores were recreational/convenience shoppers. From quantitative analysis clothing shopping orientations were factor analyzed. which resulted in eight factors ; Recreational Shopping Convenience Shopping. Sensibility Seeking Well-Known Brand Preference Fashion Seeking Economic Shopping Sel-confidence in clothing shopping Convenient store shopping. 2. The results of store choice criteria study were as follows: As a result of concentrative observation eight store choice criteria dimensions were categorized : Service Store Atmosphere Promotion/Facilities Product Convenience Advertisement VMD Traffic/Location Convenience. From quantitative analysis eight store choice criteria factors emerged; Service Store Atmosphere Promotion/Facilities Assortment Shopping Convenience Advertisement VMD Traffic/Location Convenience. 3. According to the factor scores of recreational shopping and Convenience shopping consumers were segmented into four shopper types ; High Shopping-involved Shopper Recreational Shopper Convenience Shopper and Low Shopping-involved Shopper. Department types were divided into a large enterprise department stores and local department stores. Consumer characteristics such as clothing shopping orientations store choice criteria purchase behavior variables and demographic variables were significantly different in shopper types and department store types were significantly different in clothing shopping orientations and tore choice criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.793-803
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• 1998

Since most clothing research has still centered around buying behavior, the importance of consumer behavior which exists outside the purchase context has been neglected. This orientation focusing solely on purchase-related processes is deficient as it cannot account for consumer behavior that is recreational or that occurs without a recognized consumption need. In this vein, clothing browsing behavior can be a significant variable that has effects on clothing purchase-related variables. So to speak, browsers do make purchases at times; delayed-action purchases, impulse purchases and browsers may provide other less informed people with product information. In this study, we used definition proposed by Bloch and Richins(1983), which defines non purchase shopping(browsing) as 1,he examination of merchandises of a store for recreational or informational purposes without a current intention to buy. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the dimensions of clothing non -purchase shopping and to determine the causal relationship among clothing involvement, non-purchase shopping, impulse buying, purchase quantity, opinion leadership. The questionnaire method was used and 366 questionnaires were analyzed. Results can be summarized as follows. First, the non-purchase shopping was divided into two dimensions such as recreational non-purchase shopping and informational non-purchase shopping Of the two dimensions, recreational dimension explained the greater part than informational one. Second, it was revealed that clothing involvement was strongly positively related to non-purchase shopping, which influenced considerably on impulse buying, purchase quantity, and opinion leadership. In other words, clothing non-purchase shopping behaivor is very significant concept of clothing product category and has considerable effects on clothing buying though it occurs independently of purchase, so it seems that much more concern will be needed on this concept.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clothing involvement and internet usage on internet shopping attitude and internet purchase of clothing products. The subjects used for the study were 210 male and 338 female college students. The clothing involvement consisted of pleasure/interest, symbolism/expression, and perceived risk factors. The internet usage consisted of information and entertainment uses. The internet shopping attitude had convenience and security factors. The results showed that there were positive relationships between clothing involvement factors and internet shopping attitude factors. Regarding the relationship between internet usage and internet shopping attitude, there was a positive relationship between internet information use and internet attitude for convenience while there was a positive relationship between internet entertainment use and internet attitude for security. According to clothing involvement and internet usage, the respondents were segmented by four groups. The results showed that these segmented groups were different in regard to internet shopping attitude, internet purchase, and demographics. For example, symbolishm/internet information use group considered internet shopping more convenient and purchased clothing more frequently through internet than did other groups. The implications of the study were discussed.