• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and the effect of this attitude on appearance management behavior. It also examines how demographic factors affect these relationships. This study gave a questionnaire survey to adults between the ages of 40 and 50 in Seoul, Daegu, and Ulsan, South Korea. Data collected from 368 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The study model was tested by structural equation modeling, the results of which revealed a positive effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and a positive effect of attitude toward appearance management on appearance management behavior. The results of t-testing showed that there were significant differences in cognition, attitude, and behavior toward appearance management by gender, age, educational level, and income.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 2018

This study explores determinants of purchase intentions for vegan fashion products based on the modified planned behavior model. Survey data from 434 university students were subjected to an analysis using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that almost half of the consumers surveyed recognized vegan fashion products and a little more than a half of consumers surveyed had purchase experience for vegan fashion products. Clothing, bags, and shoes are the most frequently purchased vegan fashion product categories. From the results of the model test, purchase intentions on vegan fashion products were determined by attitude, subjective norms, ethical responsibility, and ethical identity of the consumers. When consumers have a more positive attitude, have higher subjective norms, stronger ethical responsibility, and stronger ethical identity regarding the purchase of vegan fashion products, they are likely to have a greater intention to purchase vegan fashion products. The findings contribute to the literature by adding test results for vegan fashion products among the ethical product categories, highlighting the importance of the consideration of product category, which can give somewhat different results when exploring ethical consumption. Based on these findings, marketers need to use special tags or signage highlighting the ethical values and meanings of vegan fashion products to better communicate with target consumers with a high level of ethical responsibility and to help increase consumers' control over purchase behaviors through reducing barriers generated by insufficient product information.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.726-741
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• 2013

Malling culture, which refers to the enjoyment of shopping in multi-complex malls with shopping, cultural, and leisure facilities, has emerged as a major trend in society. However, few studies have researched malling culture in depth. This study classified people who go to multi-complex shopping malls as belonging to the baby-boom generation, X-generation, or Y-generation to investigate consumer culture in malls, with an emphasis on user satisfaction and entertainment experiences. Consumers who had shopped in a multi-complex shopping mall during the last 6 months were surveyed. Data were collected through a research company, and responses from 417 subjects were used in the analysis. Among the 417 subjects, 130 were baby-boomers, 136 were from the X-generation, and 151 were from the Y-generation. Investigating the components of multi-complex shopping malls that stimulate entertainment experiences, this study found that exploratory, emotional, and leisure experiences were enhanced when users were more satisfied with the image, atmosphere, and events of shopping malls. In addition, mall image and atmosphere contributed to the improvement of social experiences. With regard to generation, baby-boomers and subjects from the X-generation were generally more satisfied with mall atmosphere, image, and events and had more exploratory and leisure experiences. This study holds significance in that it examined malling culture from a wider perspective than simply the younger generation and presented scholarly and marketing implications based on insights into generational malling culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.32-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to prove an importance of systemic analysis paradigm to interpret fashion make-up. This research employed 'paradigm for interpretation of fashion make-up signs' theory to analyze data. This theory consists of three steps to interpret the meaning of a work: (1) recognition of form, (2) analysis of connotation meanings, and (3) analysis of symbolic meanings and communication. The results of this study were as follows. Jean Paul Gaultier's eye make-up uses a square pattern that mostly consists of the color black. He presents a Glam Rock image by using rimmed make-up that portrays an avant-garde and a nonmainstream culture. Jean Paul Gaultier's make-up was showing black color and square eye pattern and was presenting Glam Rock image and was a rimmed make-up meaning a nonmainstream culture and Avant-garde symbolically. Chanel's make-up emphasizes the eyehole with the rimmed technique by applying the make-up of Marchesa Casati and including non-popularity, Limited Marketing symbolically. Christian Dior's make-up applies the representative make-up of Joan of Arc and Siouxsie sioux and also uses rimmed make-up to portray the meaning of religion persecution, the dark-ages militarism and including Humanism symbolically.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to segment knit wear consumers by their lifestyles and to examine knit wear purchase behavior among the lifestyle segments. The subjects of this study were female consumers who were residents in Seoul and metropolitan areas. The researchers distributed the questionnaires and the final sample of 357 was used for the data analysis. The statistical analysis methods used for the study were factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results showed that the lifestyle factors had 6 dimensions: fashion, planned purchase, socially active, impulsive consumption, brand, and leisure/culture. These factors were categorized into four groups: brand oriented group, passive group, rational/social group, and fashion/impulsive consumption group. The results also showed that there were significant differences among the groups in regard to knit wear purchase criteria, knit wear image preferences, and other knit wear purchase behaviors. For example, brand oriented group considered design and brand name/fashion important as knit wear selection criteria, and the group preferred an elegance image and a modern image than did other groups.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.381-392
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• 2013

This study analyzed the effects of internet fashion consumer characteristics and shopping motivation on price sensitivity as well as the effect of price sensitivity on negative purchasing behavior. A survey was conducted from August 10 to September 20 in 2012 and 364 responses were used in the data analysis. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The characteristics of internet fashion consumers were composed of innovation tendency, impulse buying tendency, information orientation, and variety seeking tendency. Shopping motivation was composed of convenient motivation, social motivation, hedonic motivation, product motivation, and economic motivation. The information orientation and variety seeking tendency of internet fashion consumers influenced the price search. The innovation tendency, impulse buying tendency, and variety seeking tendency of internet fashion consumers influenced the price importance. Convenient motivation, hedonic motivation, and product motivation positively affected the price search; however, social motivation negatively affected the price search. The social motivation, hedonic motivation, and economic motivation of internet fashion consumers positively affected price importance. Price search and price importance influenced the purchasing delay; in addition, price search influenced the switching intention. The results of this study provide useful information for customer management and internet shopping mall marketing strategies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.793-807
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to show the component and anticipation factors of loyalty and word-of-mouth. Specifically, hypothesis is that trust in a salesperson will influence satisfaction with the salesperson, and the store. And the satisfactions with the salesperson and the store will influence the loyalty to the salesperson and the store. Another hypothesis is that loyalty to a salesperson and a store will influence word-of-mouth. Scale items used in this study were selected from developed scales and were adapted to conforming to the selling situation in the service setting. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha test were accomplished. A total of 703 samples was used to test the hypotheses. The primary method of statistical analysis to test the hypotheses was a structural equation modeling on LISREL 8.3. The results of the study are as follows: First, trust had an influence on satisfaction with a salesperson and a store. Second, the results suggested that satisfaction with the salesperson and the store influences loyalty to the salesperson and the store. Finally, loyalty to the salesperson and the store influenced word-of-mouth, as predicted.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.655-669
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• 2010

This study focused on examining methods for the favorable relationship between internet shopping mall and customers from a point of view that it was necessary for internet fashion market getting faced with keen competition to change its marketing focus from securing new customers to customer retention strategies. Measurement instruments were selected to measure these variables and a questionnaire was made. Data was collected in 491 men and women in their twenties residing in Gwangju city using the questionnaire. The analysis results were summarized as follows: First, in the failure to purchase fashion products in internet shopping mall, as consumer's favorable internet shopping attributes, their possibility of complaining and repurchase intentions became higher, and had negative effect on regret and dissatisfaction. Second, attributions of the result of a failure to purchase fashion products in internet shopping mall were found to increase regret and dissatisfaction. Third, customers experiencing regret and dissatisfaction showed a very high possibility of complaining but their possibility of repurchase intentions had negative affect.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.780-793
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• 2011

This study investigates the breast cathexis and brassiere design preferences of Chinese citizens living in Hong Kong in order to provide marketing intelligence for bra manufacturers whose target customers are from this group of potential customers. A questionnaire composed of questions concerning breast shape evaluations, brassiere design preferences, and brassiere purchase and wear practices was administered to 165 Hong Kong Chinese female undergraduates(N=165). For an analysis of our data, we used the SPSS program(version 14.0). The results indicate that a majority of Hong Kong Chinese female undergraduates perceive their breasts as 'slightly smaller than normal' (n=59, 35.8%) or 'normal'(n=78, 47.3%) in volume, and 'conical'(n=77, 46.7%) or 'flat'(n=46, 27.9%). The results also suggest that Hong Kong Chinese women possess positive breast cathexis, with only a third of the respondents reporting dissatisfaction with their breasts. Women with dome-shaped breasts expressed the most positive breast cathexis, followed by those with cone-shaped breasts. The results also show that Hong Kong Chinese typically purchase 2 brassieres per year, which is a lower purchasing rate than their counterparts in Korea(Cha & Sohn, 2010) and Taiwan(ICT Life Style Research Center, 2004). The findings also demonstrate that the preferred brassiere color is black(57%), unlike in Korea, where women prefer skin-colored brassieres.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of style, color and items of street fashion in Harbin. This kind of study will contribute to the understanding the preference of fashion in northeastern area, thereby, affording a fundamental resources for the strategic establishments of design and marketing in Korean brand launching into China. The results of this study are as follows. The preferred fashion style is casual one, rather than formal one. The order of preference in casual wear is character, jean and sports casual. In the view of color, preference in top color is, white, black, brown and pink. In the bottom, it is blue, white, black and brown. In one-piece, it is white, blue and brown. Throughout all items, the most frequently founded color is white, which might be ascribed to the seasonal influence of summer. The Chinese specific preference of color could not be observed. In aspect of items, the one-piece takes the proportions of more than half of the all the items. The typical details of one-piece dress are irregular hemline and asymmetrical line. While knee length takes proportion of 70%, in item of skirt, the full length is 46.8% in frequency for pants. In one-piece, knee length is 80% amounted as first rank, followed by midi and mini.