• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2014

This study considered the selection attributes of bakery consumers and schematized characteristic attributes of being selected by customers by image through a correspondence analysis in terms of own preferring bakery. Self-administrated questionnaires were completed by consumers (452 samples), and the data were analysed by frequency, chi-square, one-way ANOVA, reliability analysis and correspondence analysis. According to the survey results regarding the mean value on bakery selection attributes, it was shown to be in the order of taste ($4.73{\pm}0.70$), sanitation ($4.70{\pm}0.68$), service ($4.21{\pm}0.84$), price ($4.03{\pm}0.92$), consideration ($4.01{\pm}0.96$), communication ($4.01{\pm}0.96$), health ($3.99{\pm}0.98$), and location ($3.83{\pm}0.99$). In the analysis of difference with regard to the selection attributes according to the preferred bakery, both consideration ($4.05{\pm}0.90$) and communication ($3.98{\pm}0.93$) showed a high value in individual bakery, thereby presenting a significant difference (p<0.05). As a result of having carried out correspondence analysis in order to prepare an image map according to the preferred bakery, the selection attributes of employees' service and communication showed the closest image map to individual bakery. Location and sanitation were very close to franchise bakery. Further, other bakery shops were schematized in a relatively close distance to price.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.551-558
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• 2001

We extended the measurable time scale of DNA dynamics to submicrosecond using a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex, $[Ru(phen)_2(dppz)]^{2+}$ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) (RuPD), which displays a mean lifetime near 350 ns. We partially characterized the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in calf thymus DNA from RuPD to nile blue (NB) using frequency-domain fluorometry with a high-intensity, blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source. There was a significant overlap of the emission spectrum of the donor RuPD with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor NB. The F$\ddot{o}$rster distance ($R_0$) that was calculated from the spectral overlap was $33.4\;{\AA}$. We observed dramatic decreases in the steady-state fluorescence intensities of RuPD when the NB concentration was increased. The intensity decays of RuPD were matched the closest by a triple exponential decay. The mean decay time of RuPD in the absence of the acceptor NB was 350.7 ns. In a concentration-dependent manner, RuPD showed rapid intensity decay times upon adding NB. The mean decay time decreased to 184.6 ns at $100\;{\mu}M$ NB. The FRET efficiency values that are calculated from the mean decay times increased from 0.107 at $20\;{\mu}M$ NB to 0.474 at $100\;{\mu}M$ NB concentration. The use of FRET with a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex donor is expected to offer the opportunity to increase the information about the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2018

Objective: Molecular cloning and bioinformatics analysis of annexin A2 (ANXA2) gene in sika deer antler tip were conducted. The role of ANXA2 gene in the growth and development of the antler were analyzed initially. Methods: The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to clone the cDNA sequence of the ANXA2 gene from antler tip of sika deer (Cervus Nippon hortulorum) and the bioinformatics methods were applied to analyze the amino acid sequence of Anxa2 protein. The mRNA expression levels of the ANXA2 gene in different growth stages were examined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR). Results: The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,020 bp encoding 339 amino acids long protein of calculated molecular weight 38.6 kDa and isoelectric point 6.09. Homologous sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Anxa2 mature protein of sika deer had the closest genetic distance with Cervus elaphus and Bos mutus. Real time RT-PCR results showed that the gene had differential expression levels in different growth stages, and the expression level of the ANXA2 gene was the highest at metaphase (rapid growing period). Conclusion: ANXA2 gene may promote the cell proliferation, and the finding suggested Anxa2 as an important candidate for regulating the growth and development of deer antler.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.689-694
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• 2014

The Korean government has introduced and enforced maritime traffic safety assessment to secure traffic safety since 2010. The maritime traffic safety assessment is needed by law to design a new port or modify an existing one. According to Korea Maritime Safety Act, in the assessment the propriety of marine traffic system consists of the safety of channel transit and berthing/unberthing maneuver, safety of mooring, and safety of marine traffic flow. The safety of channel transit and berthing/unberthing maneuver can be evaluated only by ship-handling simulation. The ship-handling simulation is carried out by sea pilots working with the port concerned. The vessel's proximity measure is an important factor to evaluate traffic safety. The proximity measure is composed of vessel's closest distance to channel boundary and probability of grounding/collision. What is more, the probability of grounding becomes important. According to central limit theorem, a sample has a normal distribution on condition that its size is more than 30. However, more than 30 simulation runs bring about the increase of assessment period and difficulty of employing sea pilots. Therefore this paper is to find out minimum sample size for evaluating vessel's proximity. First sample sets of size of 3, 5, 7, 9 etc. are selected randomly on the basis of normal distribution. And then KS test for goodness of fit and t-test for confidence interval are applied to each sample set. Finally this paper decides the minimum sample size. As a result this paper suggests the minimum sample size of 5, that is, the simulation of more than five times.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the rotational characteristics which were comprised of directionality and linearity of target registration error (TRE) as a study in advance to enhance the accuracy of contour-based registration in neuronavigation. For the experiment, two rigid head phantoms that have different faces with specially designed target frame fixed inside of the phantoms were used. Three-dimensional coordinates of facial surface point cloud and target point of the phantoms were acquired using computed tomography (CT) and 3D scanner. Iterative closest point (ICP) method was used for registration of two different point cloud and the directionality and linearity of TRE in overall head were calculated by using 3D position of targets after registration. As a result, it was represented that TRE had consistent direction in overall head region and was increased in linear fashion as distance from facial surface, but did not show high linearity. These results indicated that it is possible for decrease TRE by controlling orientation of facial surface point cloud acquired from scanner, and the prediction of TRE from surface registration error can decrease the registration accuracy in lesion. In the further studies, we have to develop the contour-based registration method for improvement of accuracy by considering rotational characteristics of TRE.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2007

Fe-based powders, Fe-M(M=Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn), were prepared in Ar gas by mechanical alloying and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction indicates that the cubic lattice parameter increases for the M substitution. The distance of closest approach around M can explained the increase of lattice constant in Fe-M powders. $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy measurements on Fe-M samples indicates the coexistence of ferromagnetic phases and paramagnetic phase that are created by the distribution of local environment M on Fe atom. On the other hand, The spread of line-width on $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectra can be explained by the distribution of hyperfine magnetic fields. The results of quadrupole shift and isomer shift revealed that M substitutions in Fe-M powders didn't change both structure and the local charge distribution around Fe atom severely.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2014

Although the link between activity in the nuclei of galaxy and galactic mergers has been under scrutiny for several years, it is still unclear to what extent and for which populations of active galaxies merger-triggered activity is relevant. The environment of AGN allows an indirect probe of the past merger history and future merger probability of these systems, suffering less from sensitivity issues while extending to higher redshifts, compared to traditional morphological studies of AGN host galaxies. Here we present results from our investigation of the environment of radio selected sources out to redshift z=2. We employ the first data release J-band catalog from the new near-IR Infrared Medium-Deep Survey (IMS) and 1.4 GHz radio data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) survey and a deep dedicated VLA survey of the VIMOS field, covering a combined total of ~20 sq. degrees. Given the flux limit of the combined radio catalog (0.1 mJy), we probe a radio luminosity range of 10^36-10^44 erg/s. Using the second and fifth closest neighbor density parameters, we test whether active galaxies inhabit denser environments and study these overdensities in terms of both distance to the AGN and its luminosity. We find evidence for a sub-population of radio-selected AGN that resides in significantly overdense environments at small scales, although we do not find significant overdensities for the bulk of our sample. We do not recover any dependence between the AGN radio-luminosity and overdensities. We show that radio-AGN inhabiting the most underdense environments in the field have vigorous ongoing star formation. We interpret these results in terms of the triggering and fuelling mechanism of radio-AGN.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a novel a roach to improve the performance of speech/music classification for the selectable mode vocoder (SMV) of 3GPP2 using the support vector machine (SVM). The SVM makes it possible to build on an optimal hyperplane that is separated without the error where the distance between the closest vectors and the hyperplane is maximal. We first present an effective analysis of the features and the classification method adopted in the conventional SMV. And then feature vectors which are a lied to the SVM are selected from relevant parameters of the SMV for the efficient speech/music classification. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under various conditions and yields better results compared with the conventional scheme of the SMV.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.3-17
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• 2015

For many years commentators have requested more active regulation of attorney ethics in international arbitration. Gradual deterioration of ethical standards in international arbitration will bring disrepute and, once its reputation is lost, it could take decades to rebuild confidence. The first reason for increasing unethical behavior is that there is no ethical code generally applied to all lawyers participating in international arbitration. A second reason might be that nobody is actively regulating attorneys in international arbitration. The first step to solve this problem is that major arbitration institutions should cooperate to enact a uniform code of conduct to be generally applied to all attorneys representing parties in international arbitration. Recently, IBA and LCIA prepared guidelines on party representation in international arbitration, and the guidelines will help attorneys follow uniform standardsof ethics. However, this will not be sufficient. There should be a regulating body to monitor attorney ethics and take sanctions against unethical attorneys accordingly. Arbitrators, who can see unethical behavior by attorneys from the closest distance, are the most appropriate regulating force rather than courts of arbitration seat or an attorney's licensing country. Of course, arbitrators don't have powers to withdraw or suspend an attorney's license, but they have powers to control attorneys'behavior within arbitration proceedings such as an allocation of fees and costs, barring the assertion of claims or defenses, drawing adverse inferences, or precluding the submission of evidence or testimony. Furthermore, arbitrators should be provided with such obligation as active control of attorney ethics. Even arbitration institutions should participate by imposing on an attorney who is a repeat offender a suspension from appearing in future arbitrations. Unethical behavior will decrease through concerted actions among arbitrational institutions to introduce a uniform code of conduct and to empower arbitrators for more efficient regulation of attorney ethics.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.1323-1330
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• 2014

As for civil service support, the interaction between citizens as well as the government and citizens has an important value, and the participation between citizens be very important. The interaction between these citizens can lead to spreading the use of the app by getting them to share their status information with an specified number of people in the public service such as a social network service. Mobile-based social network service has various built-in sensors to increase the interaction between the government and citizens and post the status information of users on SNS. In this regard, this paper proposed a social network application for civil services based on the Android by using location-based context information. Experimental results showed that since the application proposed in this paper can be applied to low-performance system and exhibits high performance, it can allow users located at a short distance to detect new information and share contents by adding the content to SNS which is the closest to the location of users.