• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2023

A two-year-old spayed female Maltipoo dog was presented with a two-month duration of glaucoma in the right eye. On the first presentation, menace response and dazzle reflex were absent in the right eye, but it was present in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed buphthalmia, mild corneal edema, and conjunctival and episcleral hyperemia in the right eye. The intraocular pressures were 70 mmHg and 30 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. On the gonioscopic and high-resolution ultrasound examinations, both the iridocorneal angle and ciliary cleft were completely closed in the right eye. However, gonioscopy revealed an opened iridocorneal angle even with some broader base of pectinate ligament fiber, but high-resolution ultrasound showed a narrowed ciliary cleft and increased contact of the iris base with the limbal cornea in the left eye. Based on these results, a diagnosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma was made in both eyes. This case report highlighted the importance of evaluating the ciliary cleft with high-resolution ultrasound as a critical diagnostic and prognostic role in canine glaucoma.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.76-76
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• 2000

The calibration of the robot system with a visual sensor consists of robot, hand-to-eye, and sensor calibration. This paper describe a new technique for computing 3D position and orientation of a 3D sensor system relative to the end effect of a robot manipulator in an eye-on-hand robot configuration. When the 3D coordinates of the feature points at each robot movement and the relative robot motion between two robot movements are known, a homogeneous equation of the form AX : XB is derived. To solve for X uniquely, it is necessary to make two robot arm movements and form a system of two equation of the form: A$_1$X : XB$_1$ and A$_2$X = XB$_2$. A closed-form solution to this system of equations is developed and the constraints for solution existence are described in detail. Test results through a series of simulation show that this technique is simple, efficient, and accurate fur hand/eye calibration.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot angle with KAT 2000 (Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Forty-nine (male 24, female 25) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were assessed under two conditions. One was eye-opened condition and the other one was eye-closed one in 3 psi surface condition. All subjects were tested at different foot angle that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The subject attempted to keep the platform as stable as possible with eyes closed and with eyes opened for every 20 seconds. The starting position was that subject crossed their arms across chest and flexed knees slightly. The results of each test were showed by a score on screen, which meant balance index. The se collected data were analyzed by using oneway ANOVA, Scheffe test, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When the foot angle were changed, balance index was the lowest in toes-out $25^{\circ}$ condition and greatest with toes-in $45^{\circ}$ with eyes opened and with eyes closed. There were statistically significant difference with eyes opened and with eyes closed (p<0.05). 2. There was statistically significant difference in balance index according to visual condition and the balance index tested with eyes closed was higher than with eyes closed(p<0.05). 3. There was statistically significant difference in balance index by gender(p<0.05).

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.739-747
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the Limits of stability(LOS) in hemiplegic patients who can walking independently. The LOS was measured at stable surface, unstable surface with eye open and eye closed. In this study, 18 out-patients were evaluated who were treated at Yonsei University Medical Center Rehabilitation Hospital. In order to determine the statistical significance of results, T-test, paired t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA were applied at 0.05 level of significance. The results were as follows: 1. The mean of lateral limits of stability was 9.89 degree. 2. The mean of anteroposterior limits of stability was 6.43 degree. 3. There was a significant difference of limits of stability between sound side and affected side(p<0.05). 4. The limits of stability was significantly decreased with eye closed(p<0.05) 5. The limits of stability was significantly decreased at unstable surface(p<0.05). 6. The limits of stability was a significant difference as spasticity degree of ankle plantar flexors(p<0.05). These results showed that the limits of stability in hemiplegic patients was more decreased than that of normal adult. In order to improve the balance in hemiplegic patients, we need to increase the limits of stability.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

This study aimed to verify the criteria of the driver monitoring systems proposed by UNECE ACSF informal working group and the ministry of land, infrastructure, and transport of South Korea using driving behavior data. In order to verify the criteria, we investigated the safety regulations of driver monitoring systems in a conditional autonomous vehicle and found that the driver monitoring measures were related to eye blinks times, head movements, and eye closed duration. Thus, we took two different experimental data including real-world driving and simulator-based drowsy driving behaviors in previous studies. The real-world driving data were used for analyzing blink times and head movement intervals, and the drowsiness data were used for eye closed duration. In the real-world driving study, 52 drivers drove approximately 11.0 km of rural road (about 20 min), 7.9 km of urban road (about 25 min), and 20.8 km of highway (about 20 min). The results suggested that the appropriate number of blinks during the last 60 seconds was 4 times, and the head movement interval was 35 seconds. The results from drowsy driving data will be presented in another paper - part 2.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to classify between intentional and natural blinks in vision based eye tracking system. Through implementing the classification method, we expect that the great eye tracking method will be designed which will perform well both navigation and selection interactions. Background: Currently, eye tracking is widely used in order to increase immersion and interest of user by supporting natural user interface. Even though conventional eye tracking system is well focused on navigation interaction by tracking pupil movement, there is no breakthrough selection interaction method. Method: To determine classification threshold between intentional and natural blinks, we performed experiment by capturing eye images including intentional and natural blinks from 12 subjects. By analyzing successive eye images, two features such as eye closed duration and pupil size variation after eye open were collected. Then, the classification threshold was determined by performing SVM(Support Vector Machine) training. Results: Experimental results showed that the average detection accuracy of intentional blinks was 97.4% in wearable eye tracking system environments. Also, the detecting accuracy in non-wearable camera environment was 92.9% on the basis of the above used SVM classifier. Conclusion: By combining two features using SVM, we could implement the accurate selection interaction method in vision based eye tracking system. Application: The results of this research might help to improve efficiency and usability of vision based eye tracking method by supporting reliable selection interaction scheme.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.797-807
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• 2016

The discussion in this paper aims to introduce an approach to detect drowsiness with Android based smartphones using the OpenCV platform tools. OpenCV for Android actually provides powerful tools for real-time body's parts tracking. We discuss here about the maximization of the accuracy in real-time eye tracking. Then we try to develop an approach for detecting eye blink by analyzing the structure and color variations of human eyes. Finally, we introduce a time variable to capture drowsiness.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.74.6-74
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• 2002

$\textbullet$ A new implant capable of controlling IOP actively and coping with personal difference among patients $\textbullet$ The valve actuator of the active implant is proposed and fabricated. $\textbullet$ In vitro experiments are carried out extensively with and without a rabbit. $\textbullet$ The experiments are conducted by using the open and closed loop pressure control. $\textbullet$ The experiment with the rabbit is similar as a in vivo experiment, $\textbullet$ since the compliance and the aqueous humor of the rabbit's eye are included. $\textbullet$ The experimental results verify the possibility of the valve actuator for a glaucoma implant.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2020

본 논문은 교통사고 방지를 위한 운전자의 눈 영상비를 이용한 상태 경고시스템의 설계에 대해 소개하고 있다. 제안하는 운전자 상태 경고 시스템은 눈 인식을 위한 카메라, 카메라를 통해 들어오는 정보를 처리하는 라즈베리파이, 그리고 그 정보를 통해 운전자에게 경고를 줄 때 필요한 부저와 진동기로 구성되어 있다. 운전자의 눈을 인식하기 위해서 기울기 방향성 히스토그램 기술과 딥러닝 기반의 얼굴 표지점 추정 기법을 사용하였다. 동작을 시작하면, 시스템은 눈 주변의 6개의 좌표를 통해 눈 영상비를 계산한다. 그리고 눈을 뜬 상태와 감은 상태의 눈 영상비를 각각 계산한 후 이 두 값으로부터 눈의 상태를 판단하는데 사용하는 문턱 값을 설정한다. 문턱 값이 운전자의 눈 크기에 적응하면서 설정되기 때문에 시스템은 최적의 문턱 값을 사용하여 운전자의 상태를 판단할 수 있다. 또한 낮은 조도에서도 눈을 인식할 수 있도록 회색조 변환 이미지와 LAB모델 이미지를 합성하여 사용하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 개인인증 시 활용 가능한 EEG 신호의 주파수 대역을 확인하기 위하여 뇌파 측정을 통해 분석한 결과를 제시하였다. 시각 과제의 유무에 따라 개안 상태와 폐안 상태로 구분하여 뇌파를 측정하였으며, 이를 델타파, 세타파, 알파파, SMR파, 중간베타파, 베타파 및 감마파의 7종류의 주파수 대역으로 나누어 시간에 따른 파워의 변동이 가장 작은 주파수 대역을 관찰하였다. 본 논문의 결과에서는 개안 상태와 폐안 상태에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 인간의 집중과 관련한 SMR파 및 중간베타파가 시간에 따른 파워의 변동이 가장 작게 관찰되었기에 재현성이 높은 주파수 대역인 것으로 나타났다.