• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.511-513
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• 2009

This report deals with a 3-year-old male Yellow-crowned Amazon (Amazona orcrocephala) that died after twenty five days history of cloacal prolapse. On necropsy, multiple to occasionally coalescing well-demarcated tan nodules were scattered throughout the entire liver lobes. The nodules were firm and slightly elevated from the surface. The neoplastic nodules were also recognized on cut sections of the liver. Histologically, the nepatic nodules consisted of cuboidal to low columnar cells forming tubular to acinar pattern with marked desmoplasia. The neoplastic cells had small to moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nucleus with one to two prominent nucleoli. Based on these results, hepatic nodules was diagnosed as primary cholangiocellular carcinoma.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

Postoperative management of anorectal malformation consists of colostomy management and then management after definitive surgery. Colostomy management requires attention to certain details, i. e. complete decompression of the distal limb to avoid secondary megarectosigmoid and prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections in patients with rectourethral fistula. Management after definitive surgery requires the care of catheters placed in the rectourethral fistula or cloacal defect. Prevention and treatment of various complications after definitive operation, i. e. wound infection, anal stenosis or stricture, anal mucosal prolapse, and management of functional disorders, i.e. constipation, fecal incontinence and urinary incontinence are also necessary. In this review, recent trends for the prevention and treatment of the above mentioned problems after operation for anorectal malformation are presented.