• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Objectives: To find out the effects GGT1, an antiobestic drug widely used clinics, has on the amount of feed intake, the amount of change in the body weight and the food efficiency ratio using the data from the hGHTg obese male rats. Also, to evaluate in terms of antiobestic effects, the difference between GGT1 and reductil (sibutramine), which has been approved by the FDA of the United States. Methods: We measured the change in body weight and the amount of feed intake for 8 weeks by categorizing the hGHTg obese male rats into three groups: the control group, the GGT1 group, and the reductil (RD) group. We also evaluated the antiobestic effect by calculating the food efficiency ratio, which is the increase of bodyweight divided by the amount of feed intake. Results: In case of body weight, moderate slope of the curve in the graph of GGT1 group could mean that the weight is decreasing as time flows. In case of food efficiency ratio, the p-value was 0.745 in a test for determining if an interaction exists between the group and the point of measurement, meaning that it does not exist; also, the p-value in a test for the effect of level of repetition in food efficiency ratio according to the point of measurement equaled 0.002. Conclusion: The drug-treated groups had a greater inhibitory effect in feed intake than the control group. The results showed the food efficiency ratio had a tendency to decrease. The GGT1 group in particular was under a greater effect than the RD group.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.324-329
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without rutin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats ($272.2{\pm}7.2 g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups: control (C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 20% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate (w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76 (AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.75% rutin (R-0.75) or 1.5% rutin (R-1.5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of rutin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in both control and treatment groups. In addition the values of glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio showed no significant differences among groups. The values of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were lower than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-0.75 and C group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in sera of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were higher than those in C group but the significances were showed in only between R-1.5 and C group (p < 0.01). The values of atherogenic index(AI) of rats in both R-0.75 and R-1.5 groups were the lower than those in C group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The values of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. Therefore the supplementation of rutin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated effectively HDL-C value which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1996

The effectiveness of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and deztran in the prevention of adhesion formation on the uterus and embryo collection in rabbits was elucidated. Following induction of adhesion on uterus and uterine horns by abrasion and retrograde flushing of embryos in gonadotropins primed rabbits, the solutions of saline (for control), 1% SCMC, 10% dextran and a synthetic solution of 1% SCNC and 10% dextran in saline were infused in the abdominal cavity at the dose of 5 ml/kg of body weight. The average percentage of adhesion was 11.1, 28.6, 41.7 and 73.3% in the rabbits infused with the synthetic, 1% SCMC, 10% dextran and saline solutions, respectively. The synthetic solution was more effective than other solutions in the rabbits. The average number and recovery rate of embryos were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the synthetic solution group than 1% SCMC, 10% dextran or saline solution groups. Among the collected embryos in the groups, the distribution of the normal embryos was higher in the synthetic solution group (99%) and the 10% dextran solution group (95.7%) than the 1% SCMC solution group (78.4%) and saline (66.2%). Theretore, a synthetic solution which is combined with 1% SCMC and 10% deztran in saline can be effectively used for the prevention of adhesion formation after uterine surgery and embryo collection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.563-567
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• 2007

This study evaluated the effect of ANTORIN R-10(pFSH), a commercially available follicle stimulating hormone on ovarian morphology, on follicular development and serum estradiol levels in rats. Immature female Wistar S/T rats(27 day old; 80-100 g B.wt) maintained under controlled environmental conditions($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; 50% humidity; 12 h light/12 h dark cycle) with free access to standard laboratory feed and tap water were utilized. Animals were allowed to acclimatize to the new environment for at least 2 weeks before being included in the experiment. Rats were randomly allotted to 5 groups(Control, SL 0.1AU, SH 0.2AU, TL 0.1AU and TH 0.2AU). ANTORIN R-10 was subcutaneously injected twice daily for 3 days. Twenty hours after hormone treatment, blood was collected to estimate the serum estradiol $17-\beta$ concentration. Immediately, all rats were sacrificed and the ovarian morphology, ovary weight and number of follicles were recorded. Ovaries were fixed for histomorphological examination. Higher standard and treatment groups were significantly increased on ovary weight and the number of follicles more than 1mm compared with lower standard and treatment. However, no difference revealed between standard and treatment groups. ANTORIN R-10 was similar effects of follicles development and maturation compared with House standard FSH.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.501-509
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• 1990

This study was designed to examine effects of $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists on blood chemical values in xylazine-sedated dogs. Twenty-four crossbred dogs of both sexes were intramusculary injected with a standard dosage of xylazine(2.2mg/kg of body weight). Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of maximum sedation. When the dogs were maximally sedated, tested groups were in-travenously injected with yohimbine 0.125mg/kg, 4-aminopyridine(4-AP) 0.3mg/kg, and a combination of yohimbine with 4-AP. Control group was intravenously 1 $m\ell$ of physiological saline solution. Total protein(T.P), albumin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotrnasferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were analyzed in the conditions of 0-, 30-, 60- and 120-minute after the administration of drugs. The results obtained in the study were as follows. 1. Changes of T.P, albumin, AST, ALT and BUN values in the control group were not significant during or after xylazine administration for at least 120minutes. 2. No changes of T.P, albumin, AST, ALT and BUN values in the tested groups were observed during or after $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists treatment. 3. Serum glucose values of control group were getting remarkably increased after xylazine injection. 4. The xylasine-induced hyperglycemia was reversed in the dogs administrated with $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists. Therefore, the results of the study show that the combined treatment with antagonists may be useful for accidental overdoses of xylazine and rapid reversal of animals sedated with xylazine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted for the development of oriental feed additives in broiler chicks. It conducted experiment to investigate the effect of $1\%$ dietary supplementation of oriental feed additives containing oriental herbal medicines such as Saururus Chnensis B.(S. chnensis) and Carthamus Tinctorius L.(C. tinctorius) on growth performance, and physicochemical properties in broiler chicks. The results of this study demonstrated that chicks feed $1\%$ oriental feed additives decreased feed gain, and death rates compared with control treatment. Weight gain and meat color were higher in the $1\%$ supplement group than control. The supplementation of $1\%$ oriental feed additives increased unsaturated fatty acid, and reduced crude fat in the broiler chicks compared with those of control. In conclusion, this study implied that oriental feed additives containing oriental herbal medicines such as S. Chnensis and C. Tinctorius were effective in improving broiler chicks on growth performance, physical-chemical properties and is highly recommended for increasing economic returns.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) has been shown to affect immune function. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CLA on the mice that treated prednisone. Mice were randomized into 6 groups and fed diet containing either 0(control, P), 0.5%(CLA1, CP1) or 1.5%(CLA2, CP2) CLA for Sweets. Before 1 week of finishing diet supplement CP1, CP2, and P group treated the prednisone by subcutaneous injection. The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G, E, gut lumen s-IgA, MLN immunoglobulin A, body weight, mucosal protein was compared. The level of serum IgA in CLA1, CLA2, CP1, and CP2 group increased, while which of P group was decreased. The level of serum IgG in CLA 1 group increased, while which of the other group no differences. Serum IgE level showed no difference and the immunoglobulin production in MLN lymphocyte in CLA 1 group increased. The level of gut lumen s-IgA in P group showed decreased, while which of the other group showed no differences. These results support the view that CLA supplement partially enhance the cell-mediated immunity and overcome the immunosuppressive effect of prednisone.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-72
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue and related factors in patients on hemodialysis. This study was a survey study using a cross-sectional design. The subjects for this study were 101 patients on hemodialysis who were registered in the six hemodialysis clinics among a total of eleven clinics in Seoul. The period of data collection was from February 28, 1995 to May 2, 1995. Data were collected through an interview with a structured packet and the physiological data. The tools used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue developed by Lee et al(1990) and translated by Lee(1991), the fatigue interview schedule developed by this researcher, Zung's self rating depression scale(Zung, 1965), the self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al(1982) and the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire(NSSQ) translated by Oh(1984). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics(mean, standard deviation, frequency, range), Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Characteristics of Fatigue of hemodialysis patients : 1) 79 of 101 hemodialysis patients complained fatigue. 2) The mean fatigue score as measured by the VAS-F was 36.2mm. 3) The mean duration of fatigue was 2.9 hours 2. Characteristics of fatigue related factors : 1) The physiologic factor which included Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, potassium and interdialytic weight gain deviated from normal range. 2) The psychological factor which included depression and self-efficacy was about the same level as for patients with other chronic diseases. 3) The environmental factor which included social support had wide variation. 3. The relationship between fatigue and related factors : 1) Interdialytic weight gain in the physiologica factor was the only valuable with fatigue （p＜.05） 2) The relationship between fatigue and the psychological factor of depression showed a positive and strong correlation（p＜.05）. According to the findings of this study, fatigue was highly correlated with the depression. This indicates that nurses should try to assess and control psychological factors when patients complain of fatigue rather than just considering physiological factors. Nursing has to develop effective nursing interventions to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic diseases using the relationship between fatigue and physiological, psychological and environmental factors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. W44 and J124 strain isolated from Kimchi on the growth rate, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion and change of intestine microflora in the weaning piglets. In the experiment 1, growth rate was significantly increased to $28.5\;{\pm}\;4.3\;kg$ and $27.6\;{\pm}\;3.3\;kg$ after oral administration of W44 and J124 strain as feed additives, respectively (p<0.05). ADG and feed conversion were also significantly improved after administration during 44 experiment days (p<0.05). In the analysis of intestinal microflora, the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the experiment groups was significantly increased 100 to 1,000 times compared to those of control group. In the experiment 2, the efficacy of W44 and J124 strains on the growth rate, ADG, feed conversion and change of intestine microflora were reconfirmed significantly (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences on feed conversion in the W44 bead and J124 bead groups. In summary, our results suggest that W-44 and J-124 stains from Kimchi have a significant effect on the weight gain and feed conversion, and it may be useful probiotic strains for the weaning piglets as feed additives.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

Korean safflower seed has been known to have healing effects on both bone fracture and osteoporosis. On the base of such a notice, this experiment was carried out to explore the effects of safflower seed on bone formation and bone repair. The toxicity test and the effect of Korean safflower seed were evaluated with 60 rats, 3-month old. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats composed of 20 male and 20 female were underwent unilateral tibial defect and then fastened with unilateral fixators. The operated rats were divided into two groups depending on the composition of diet, such as positive control group fed normal diet(C-OP group) and safflower seed group fed 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet(S-OP group). Another 20 rats without operation were maintained, each 10 rats were fed either normal diet or 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet, and observed the toxicity of safflower seed by measuring weight and urine parameters. Postoperative radiography were taken once in 2 weeks to evaluate callus formation for operated groups and blood collection via heart puncture were carried out once in 3 weeks for 3 groups. The concentration of Ca and Pi in serum were measured using both auto Kit and $^{31}$ P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR). At present study, no toxic effect was observed from both weight increment and urine index after feeding the safflower seed diet. The comparison of the radiography between C-OP and S-OP group were showed that the safflower seed diet appeared to stimulate the formation of callus in the rat. The ratio of Ca/P in serum was low in S-OP group compared to C-OP group with the auto Kit, but there were no significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the variations of Pi values in NMR examination were also confirmed based on the result of auto Kit. In conclusion, this study implied that safflower seed might influence to bone formation and shorten the periods of remedy by stimulating the calcification of bone