• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.255-266
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of Pattern Identifications Tool for Cognitive Disorders (PIT-C) and verify the correlation with other related scales. Methods: The study in this protocol is a single group, prospective, observational one. The subjects of the study were men and women between the ages of 45 and 85, diagnosed with neurocognitive disorders by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (fifth Edition) criteria (n=60, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)=0.5, Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment $(MoCA-K){\leq}22$). The reliability of PIT-C was evaluated as test-retest and inter-rater reliability. And correlation between PIT-C and other related scales was also assessed. Results: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University and registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), and was made public in advance to ensure transparency of the research process and conduct ethical clinical trials. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used to classify neurocognitive disorders as Korean medicine and PIT-C will be helpful tool for primary health care.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Objectives: For diagnosis and evaluation, evaluation tools are needed. Various tools can be used to diagnose and evaluate mental disorders. Among them, psychological tests are widely used. For Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) diagnosis, psychological tests are also required. Currently developed critical pathway (CP) presented tools for diagnosis and evaluation of mental disorders. The CP suggests the use of tools based on the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG). Therefore, CPG-based tools should be able to be used in the clinical scene of Korean Medicine for diagnosing and evaluating mental disorders according to CP. Methods: Tools suggested by CPs are summarized. The degree of utilization of tools in CPGs is also summarized. A review was conducted by Korean Medicine neuropsychiatrist experts on tools and user's usage plan. Results: As a result, developed CPs suggested using 19 tools for anxiety disorder, 13 tools for insomnia), 12 tools for Hwabyeong, and 9 tools for dementia. In CPG, 48, 34, 44, and 44 tools were used for anxiety disorder, insomnia, Hwabyeong, and dementia, respectively. Among tools presented in CP, HAM-A, HAM-D, CGI, SAS, and TESS for anxiety disorder, CPG, ISI, and PSQI for insomnia disorder, CPG, STAI, and STAXI for Hwabyeong were frequently used in CPG. For dementia CPG, MoCA, MMSE, HDS, ADL, and ADAS-cog were frequently used. Among them, MoCA, ADL, and ADAS-cog were suggested tools in CP. Conclusions: As a result of analyzing tools suggested and used in the developed CPs and CPGs, it was verified that various tools were used in each study. Most of them were symptom and behavioral evaluation scales. Therefore, symptoms and behavior evaluation scales used more frequently should be able to be used in the clinical scene of Korean Medicine.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to validate fall risk assessment scales among hospitalized adult patients in South Korea using the electronic medical records by comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of Morse Fall Scale (MFS), Bobath Memorial Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Scale (BMFRAS), and Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment tool (JHFRAT). Methods: A total of 120 patients who experienced fall episodes during their hospitalization from June 2010 to December 2013 was categorized into the fall group. Another 120 patients, who didn't experience fall episodes with age, sex, clinical departments, and the type of wards matched with the fall group, were categorized to the comparison group. Data were analyzed for the comparisons of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the curve of the three tools. Results: MFS at a cut-off score of 48 had .806 for ROC curves, 76.7% for sensitivity, 77.5% for specificity, 77.3% for positive predictive value, and 76.9% for negative predictive value, which were the highest values among the three fall assessment scales. Conclusion: The MFS with the highest score and the highest discrimination was evaluated to be suitable and reasonable for predicting falls of inpatients in med-surg units of university hospitals.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

Background: The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale were used to assess balance function in patients with balance problem. These multidimensional clinical balance scales provide information about potential risk factors for falls. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the predictive properties of the PBS and FAB scales relative to fall risk in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Methods: In total, 49 children with CP (boy=21, girl=28) who were diagnosed with level 1 or 2 according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in this study. The PBS and FAB were performed, and verified cut-off score, sensitivity, specificity, and the area of under the curve (AUC). Results: In this study, the PBS scale was as a predictive measure of fall risk, but the FAB was not significant in children with CP. A cut-off score of 45.5 points provided optimal sensitivity of .90 and specificity of .69 on the PBS, and a cut-off score of 21.5 points provided optimal sensitivity of .90 and specificity of .62 on the FAB. Both scales showed moderately accurate of AUC with .79 and .76, respectively. Conclusion: The PBS is a useful screening tool for predicting fall risk in children with cerebral palsy, and those who score 45.5 or lower indicate a high risk for falls and are in need of balance intervention.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2008

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most frequently encountered form of neuropathy in diabetic patients, and it either relentlessly progresses or remains relatively stable for many years, not showing any trend towards improvement. From this point of view, early detection of DPN is very important to prevent the irreversible change of the peripheral nerve from diabetic insults. Although a number of clinical symptoms and/or deficit scales have been developed for clinical or research purposes, nerve conduction study (NCS) has been known one of the most objective and sensitive tools to detect peripheral nerve dysfunctions in diabetic patients. NCS, however, also have several shortcomings. The next two consecutive articles will focus on debates about diagnostic usefulness of NCS and on recent updates of other diagnostic tests including quantitative sensory testings and skin biopsy in the field of diabetic polyneuropathy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.285-293
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI-2) clinical scales and the self-regulation quotient of the brain quotient. The test in this study was performed by 41 adults over 20 years old and was done using the MMPI-2, which is a self-reporting method. EEG was performed using a 2-channel EEG System at Fp1 and Fp2. The analysis showed a negative correlation between scale 2(D), which is the MMPI-2 clinical scale, and the SRQ(Self Regulation Quotient) relaxation status, which is the related alpha rhythm. Scale3(Hy) showed a positive correlation with the SRQ concentration status and low ${\beta}$ rhythm. Scale7 in the MMPI-2 clinical scales showed a negative correlation with the SRQ relaxation status, which is the alpha rhythm. This means that MMPI-2 and SRQ can be used complementarily in the field of counseling. These results could be interpreted in three ways. First, people with depression are sensitive to other people's attention and evaluation. Therefore, they tend to expend a lot of energy when forming interpersonal relationships, and if they do not learn to relax, their fatigue can easily be increased. Second, people who seek other people's interest and have a cheerful spirit are considered to be highly active. Third, highly stressed people with anxiety and tension seem to easily become tired and their irritation and discomfort may be increased in consequence.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

We know that social psychologic factors important to make a decision on characteristic of back pain and prognosis. These facters have difficult to diagnosis of back pain and being protract the treatment session and which bring about a social problem caused the impairment compensation. Clinically, twenty low back pain patients, 8 organic pain group and 12 functional pain group have completed the MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and the results were as follows: l)Mean MMPI T-score of Hypochondriasis was 56.60(12.39, that of Depression was 57.95(7.71, and that of Hysteria was 57.50(7.15. and those of other scales were within normal range near to 50. 2)there was no significant difference between male and female groups on MMPI scales 3)The MMPI T-score of organic group was significantly higher than that of functional group on Hypochondriasis and Hysteria scale.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.823-833
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• 1995

The purposes of this review are that 1) what is the the concept of motor control, 2) what is the content of motor control assessment, and 3) which instruments or scales are used in clinical setting. Motor control is defined broadly the control of both movement and posture. And motor control focuses on understanding the control of movement already acquired. The purposes of assessment are screening, placement to apprpriate treatment program, program plan, evaluation, and progress assessment for individuals. The content of motor control assessment is included not only fexibility, tone, reflex & reaction, muscle strength, movement pattern, balance, gait, and functional ability, but also cognition, arousal, sensation, and perception. There ars many kinds of instruments or scales for assessing motor ability. Most of materials are tested the validity and reliability. But Korea has not own instrument for assessing motor ability. Therefore, Korea needs to develop the assessing tools for motor ability.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to review the previous studies that have dealt with and used Family Adaptibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales(FACES) considered as an effective instrument for measuring family functioning in order to clarify the theoretical meaning the practical applicability the limitation and the problems of this instrument. FACES has considerably contributed in measuring family dynamics in research and clinical fields and been paid attention to by researchers and clinicians since 1979 However the instrument has been also pointed out its limitation due to the conceptual and methodological problems. This study reviews these problems and then presents some implications to help to improve these problems and to explore the application of this instrument as a measure of family functioning.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-142
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• 2010

Objectives : The knee pain is the main reason of getting acupuncture treatment. In order to have confidence in the results of a study, it is necessary to establish that questionnaire is both valid and reliable in questionnaire related study. The aim of this study was to review the instruments that are currently in sue for assessing the knee joint. Methods : A literature study was performed to choose appropriate scales for assessment for pain and the function of the knee. Theoretically based scales were selected for review. Therefore, 18 scales for knee and 9 scale for pain were reviewed. the status of scales involved in knee treatment of acupuncture throughout several countries was evaluated. Results & Conclusion : Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Cincinnati knee rating system(CKRS) are adequate for ligament injury in knee. International Knee Documentation Committee scoring system(IKDC) may become a publication requirement for journals in view of the international standing of the committee. The available outcome measure for use in osteoarthritis are Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC), Lequesne Functional Severity Index(LFI) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS), and in rheumatoid arthritis are McMaster-Toronto Arthritis patient function preference questionnaire(MACTAR), Quality of Life-Rheumatoid Arthritis Scale(QoL-RA Scale). Visual analog scale(VAS), verbal rating scale(VRS) are commonly used for the standard pain scale. For long term follow-up study The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36(SF-36), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales(AIMS), Health Assessment Questionnaire(HAQ) should be included. Each measurement has its own composition and characteristics. Their validity, reliability, responsiveness and practical characteristics were already evaluated. We found 20 domestic and 28 overseas papers about knee treatment using acupuncture assessed with knee scales.