• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Widespread public vaccination is one of the effective mechanisms to ensure the health and prevent deaths in societies. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is a stark instance in this regard. Vaccine development is a complex process requiring firm-level capabilities, various infrastructures, long-term planning, and stable and efficient policies. Due to the global demand for vaccines during the pandemic, the national capability to produce vaccines is critical. To this end, the current paper investigates influential factors, at the firm- and policylevel, in the COVID-19 vaccine development process in Iran. By adopting a qualitative research method and conducting 17 semi-structured interviews and analyzing policy documents, news, and reports, we extracted internal and external factors affecting the success and failure of a vaccine development project. We also discuss the characteristics of the vaccine ecosystem and the gradual maturity of policies. This paper draws lessons for vaccine development in developing countries at both firm and policy levels.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2024

Purpose : The demand for skilled critical care nurses and the significant impact of the practice-readiness gap underscore the need for educational programs bridging nursing education and clinical practice. This would ensure safe, high-quality patient care and a stable workforce. This study aimed to explore the educational needs of critical care nurses to develop an essential nursing education program for nursing students, addressing the practice-readiness gap they may encounter as new nurses. Methods : The study espoused a qualitative approach by utilizing focus group interviews conducted in South Korea in April and May 2022. A total of 11 nurses participated in the study. Data were collected from three focus groups, each consisting of three to four nurses from intensive care units. Focus group interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Content analysis was performed on the interview data using thematic analysis. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the institutional review board. Results : Nursing education programs in intensive care units should prioritize fundamental nursing competencies such as basic nursing and physical examinations. Participants' critical care nursing education needs were categorized into four main themes: holistic nursing competency, advancement of practical education, skilled communication, and systematic critical care nursing education. Conclusion : The study's findings provide valuable insights and guidelines for developing critical and intensive care nursing education programs tailored for nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2024

Objectives : By reviewing NIH's SPARC program and NCCIH's TARA project, we would like to suggest the direction of research on acupoint utilization in Korea. Methods : The goals, operation methods, result linkage strategies, collaborative activities, and research contents of the SPARC program and TARA program were reviewed and summarized. Results : SPARC connects the identification of medical device mechanisms, clinical efficacy, regulatory approval, and industrialization through nerve stimulation, and the research results are provided to researchers and companies as an open access database. The TARA program creates an open access database of anatomy, physiology, and pathology information on acupuncture points and links it with SPARC to increase understanding and utilization of acupuncture points in the development of medical devices and conducts international cooperation with Korea, China, Japan, etc. Korea's acupuncture point utilization research lacks medical device industrialization connectivity and international cooperation planning. Conclusions : Korea's research on the use of acupuncture points should be planned and managed so that it can be linked to medical device industrialization. In addition, it is necessary to anticipate the demand for bioelectronic medical devices and conduct joint research through open access database linkage and international cooperation.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.265-279
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• 2022

Digital health is rapidly growing worldwide and its area is expanding from wellness to treatment due to digital therapeutics (DTx). This study compared DTx in the Korean context with other countries to better understand its political and practical implications. DTx is generally the same internationally, often categorized as software as a medical device. It provides evidence-based therapeutic interventions for medical disabilities and diseases. Abroad, DTx support entailed state subsidies and fundraising and national health insurance coverage. In the case of national health insurance coverage, most cases were applied to mental diseases. Moreover, in Japan, DTx related to hypertension will possibly be under discussion for national health insurance coverage in 2022. In overseas countries, coverage was decided only when the clinical effects were equivalent to those provided by existing technology, and in the UK, real usage data for DTx and associated evaluations were reflected by national health coverage determination. Prices were either determined through closed negotiations with health insurance operating agencies and manufacturers or established based on existing technology. Concerning the current situation, DTx dealing with various diseases including hypertension are expected to be developed near in the future, and the demand for use and compensation will likely increase. Therefore, it is urgent to define and prepare for DTx, relevant support systems, and health insurance coverage listings. Several support systems must be considered, including government subsidies, science/technology funds, and health insurance.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.731-741
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• 2020

코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19)는 SARS-CoV-2에 의해 발병된다. 지금까지 인간에게 감염되는 7 가지 종류의 코로나 바이러스가 보고되었다. 그 중, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, 그리고 HCoV-HKU1 등 4종류의 코로나바이러스는 감기와 같은 단순 호흡기 질환을 유발한다고 보고되었다. 반면, SARS-CoV는 2002년에, MERS-CoV는 2012년에 각각 대유행을 일으킨 바 있다. 가장 최근에는 2019년 12월 중국 우한에서 처음 보고된 SARS-CoV-2가 전세계적인 대유행의 원인이 되고 있다. 이러한 SARS-CoV-2를 진단하고, 치료하고, 예방하기 위해서는 신속 정확한 진단키트, 치료제, 그리고 안전한 백신의 개발의 필수적으로 요구된다. 이러한 강력한 도구들을 개발하기 위해서는 SARS-CoV-2의 표현형, 유전자형, 그리고 생활주기 등의 연구가 선행되어야 한다. SARS-CoV-2의 진단기술은 현재 크게 두가지의 큰 분야인 분자진단과 면역혈청학적 진단으로 구분할 수 있다. 분자진단의 경우 SARS-CoV-2의 유전체를 대상으로 하며, 면역혈청학적 진단은 SARS-CoV-2의 항원 단백질 혹은 SARS-CoV-2에 대한 항체를 대상으로 한다. 본 총설에서는 SARS-CoV-2의 표현형, 유전체 구조, 그리고 유전자 발현에 대해서 정리하고, SARS-CoV-2에 대한 다양한 진단 기술 등에 대한 기초지식을 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2001

The rapid changes in graduate nursing curriculum have resulted in many challenges to the contents in masters and doctoral program of nursing. In order to meet the changing consumer demand, to respond the specialization in clinical practice and to reflect the evolving trend in the discipline and science of nursing, this study focussed on analyzing the present graduate nursing curriculum of one college of nursing in Seoul, Korea. In order to analyze the present curriculum, data were collected by survey from the enrolled graduate students, And curriculum contents of 10 graduate nursing curricula in Korea and 6 in United States were analyzed through internet information. Based on the data from the enrolled students' responses on educational goal and objectives and divisions of nursing and the data from the graduate curriculums of other universities both in Korea and United States suggested the future direction of graduate nursing curriculum of S university as follows; It is required that theoretical development, as well as education of enhancing clinical competences and preparation of specialization, innovative work for the change and global nursing should be included in the curriculum. Majority of respondents were agreed with 6 division of nursing(Adult nursing ,Maternity nursing ,Pediatric nursing, Community nursing, Nursing administration) and the integration of nurse clinical specialist course(such as oncology nursing specialist) into the regular courses in Master and Doctorate program was required.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

최근 SARS-CoV-2를 포함한 신종 및 변종 고병원성 바이러스의 확산과 이를 확진하기 위한 진단검사의 수요가 증가함에 따라 분자유전검사실 구축 시 필요한 공간별 기능을 조사하고 임상병리사의 안전성 확보를 위한 시설 지침을 마련하고자 하였다. 검사과정 중 검체 전처리 및 핵산 증폭 전실 및 후실 분리와 함께 음압설비가 필요하며, 핵산 증폭 전 공간을 분리해 단방향 작업 흐름을 고려해 공간 구성을 하여야 한다. 검사 진행과정 중 검체 전처리, 핵산 증폭 전 단계에서 실 분리와 함께 음압시설이 필요하며, 공간구성은 핵산증폭 전실 및 후실 공간을 분리하고 검사진행 방향을 단방향 검사흐름(unidirectional work flow)을 고려하여 계획하여야 한다. 안전관리 시설은 생물학적 안전 기준 2등급으로 지정하고 그에 따른 안전보호구를 배치하고, 위험물을 취급하는 경우 생물학적 안전상자 내부에서 진행해야 하며, 전염성 오염물의 폐기를 위한 멸균기가 필요하다. 국내 분자유전검사실 사례의 공통점은 검체 전처리공간을 -2.5 Pa 이하의 음압으로 유지하고 있으며, 검사과정상 전처리와 시약준비 공간에 대해서는 다른 공간에서 진행하고 있었다. 본 연구는 검사과정의 세부흐름과 공간별 기능을 분리하고 안전관리 기준 적용한 검사실 구축 방향을 제시하였고, 임시시설과 결핵검사실을 변경하여 사용하는 사례를 소개함으로써 더욱 효율적인 방향을 모색할 수 있는 자료로 의의가 있다고 하겠다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.3406-3411
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• 2010

조절반응의 평가는 옵토메트리 검사의 중요한 일부분이다. 본 연구는 조절반응의 타각적인 검사방법인 자동굴절계와 MEM 검영법 및 Nott 동적검영법으로 측정한 검사결과의 상관성과 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 취지에 동의하는 19~29사이(평균나이 $22.22{\pm}2.43$세)의 정상시력을 가진 27명의 대학생을 선정하여 4D(25cm)의 조절 자극이 주어진 상태에서 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)와 MEM 검영법 및 Nott 동적검영법을 실시하여 조절 반응을 측정하였다. 4D의 조절자극에 대한 조절반응은 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001) $3.70{\pm}0.25D$, MEM 검영법 $3.58{\pm}0.30D$ 그리고 Nott 동적검영법 $3.77{\pm}0.29D$로 각각 측정되었다. 3가지 검사는 상호간에 높은 상관성이 있었다(p<0.05). MEM 검영법은 Nott 동적검영법보다 $0.19{\pm}0.13D$ 더 낮게 측정되었고(p<0.05), 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)보다 $0.12{\pm}0.24D$ 더 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). Nott 동적검영법과 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)로 측정한 값은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). MEM 검영법으로 측정한 조절반응은 Nott 동적검영법이나 자동굴절계로 측정한 값보다 더 낮았다. 저자는 조절반응을 평가할 때, MEM 검영법을 제외한 Nott 동적검영법과 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)는 상호 대체하여 사용할 수 있다고 주장한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1991

Recently a non-electronic, disposable and portable infusor(Baxter infusor with patient control module, Baxter health care Co., Deerfield IL 60015 USA: BI $\bar{c}$ PCM) has been developed that will deliver both a continuous drug infusion as well as allow the patient to deliver extra doses of medication on a demand basis under predetermined limitation of analgesics. Patients may also not require as high analgesic dose rate to control pain when the acceptable and tolerable level of pain relief can be maintained by this device. From April l99l, we have used a total l93 units of BI $\bar{c}$ PCM. These units consisting of two components which one made by a balloon reservoir(capacity 65 ml, flow rate 0.5 ml/hr) to store medication and to regulate the pump power(490 torr), and another two PCMs to regulate additional analgesic administration by patients demand at intervals of 1S minutes and 60 minutes. The dose administered to the patient can be varied by changing the concentration of the infusate within the balloon reservoir. These devices were utilized for the pain control of 44 patients. These patients were divided into two groups. Twenty seven cases had cancer pain and 17 cases had non-cancer pain. The Touhy needle(No. l8 G.) tip was inserted into the epidural space and was used to guide the catheter to the spinal nerve level corresponding to the most painful area. The device was connected to the opposite site of the catheter tip and was filled with 60 ml of mixture solution such as 0.5% bupivacaine 15 ml, morphine HCl 10 mg, trazodone 10 ml, Tridol 3 ml and normal saline 31 ml were administed as the initial dose. When the initial dose was less effective, the next dose could be varied by increasing the concentration of bupivacaine, by adding more morphine (5~10 mg), and by reducing the volume of normal saline. Using these modules of drug self administration, we experienced the following: 1) Improvement of patient's self titration of analgesic requirement was provided. 2) The patients anxiety with pain recurrence resulting from delays in administering pain control medication was decreased significantly. 3) The working load accompanying with the single bolus injection as the usual method was reduced remarkably. 4) There was urinary retention in 5 cases and pruritus in 4 eases which developed as side effects but respiratory depression and vomiting was not encountered in a single case.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.179-205
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• 2011

암환자에게 부부적응은 심리적인 안녕 뿐만 아니라 치료경과 및 생존율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있어 이들의 부부적응을 도모하기 위한 사회복지 노력과 관심이 절실히 필요하다 하겠다. 이에 본 연구는 암환자와 배우자의 커플자료를 수집하여 이들의 부부적응에 대해 조사하였으며, 기초자료가 미비한 실정에서 부부관계의 지표로 부부적응에의 필수고려 요인으로 지목되고 있는 부부의사소통의 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 암환자와 배우자의 상호의존성을 고려하여 부부의사소통이 부부적응에 미치는 영향을 자기 자신에게 미치는 영향(자기효과), 상대방에게 미치는 영향(상대방효과)을 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 부부적응에 긍정적 부부의사소통의 중요성을 제시하였으며, 부정적 의사소통 유형인 요구-철회의사소통에서 환자의 배우자에 대한 상대방효과가 유의한 것으로 나타나 환자에 대한 의사소통 교육에의 필요성을 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 실천적 함의 및 후속연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.