• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic adaptation of head and trunk to ascend stairs and a ramp. Subjects were healthy young adults. Three-dimensional kinematic patterns of head and trunk movements were examined during stair climbing and steeper ramp climbing. Methods: Fourteen young subjects with no history of chronic or acute musculoskeletal, cardiovascular or respiratory disorders took part in this experiment. Kinematic data were collected using a 6 camera Vicon system (Oxford Metrix, Oxford, England). Repeated measures ANOVA analyses were used to investigate the effect of gait mode on kinematics of the head and trunk. Results: The angle of the trunk while ascending stairs or a ramp was modified in three human planes (p<0.05). The angle of head and neck during the ascending of stairs or a ramp was not changed in the sagittal plane but was changed in the frontal and transverse planes (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study describes and discusses some basic kinematic mechanisms underlying the pattern of head and trunk changes during stair and ramp climbing and showed that postural adaptation of the head and trunk is necessary to maintain balance.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

An autonomous stair robot recognizing the stair, and climbing up and down the stair by utilizing a robot vision, photo sensors, and appropriate climbing algorithm is introduced. Four arms associated with four wheels make the robot climb up and down more safely and faster than a simple track typed robot. The robot can adjust wheel base according to the stair width, hence it can adopt to a variable width stair with different algorithms in climbing up and down. The command and image data acquired from the robot are transferred to the main computer through RF wireless modules, and the data are delivered to a remote computer via a network communication through a proper data compression, thus, the real time image monitoring is implemented effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.373-374
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.323-324
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.1609-1610
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• 2011

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.523-532
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• 2013

This study investigates risk reduction behavior with risk perception in outdoor wear purchase situations. Data were collected via a questionnaire from 400 consumers between the ages of 20 to 50 residing in Seoul and Kyonggi-do. Data analysis were conducted with SPSS 20 program on the reliability test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. Factor analyses were employed for the participation motivation of mountain climbing activities, risk reduction behavior and risk perception. Five factors were for the participation motivation of mountain climbing activities (health and fitness, external ostentation, achievement and excitement, improvement of climbing skills, and society). Five factors were for risk perception (fashionability loss and social risk, time and convenience loss, economic risk, performance risk, and psychological risk). Five factors were for the risk reduction behavior (interpersonal information sources use, marketer-dominated information sources use, professional information sources use, pre-purchase deliberation/observation/experience, and brand dependence). Three clusters were identified based on the motivation of outdoor activities (the affiliation/display, the health/internal informativeness and low motivation). The participation motivation for mountain climbing activities were varied. Manufacturers should increase efforts to develop products with good qualities at a reasonable cost as well as establish new marketing strategies since the risk of product performance and economic efficiency in the purchase of outdoor wear was a significant consumer perception.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.84-89
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• 2018

Purpose: Therapeutic climbing has become very popular today, with it being reported as a new method for preventing and treating orthopedic trauma to the shoulder joint. However, objective studies on its effects on the musculoskeletal system are still lacking. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of wall inclination during therapeutic climbing on the muscle activity around the shoulder joint. Methods: In this study, the participants performed movements at three different inclination angles of $0^{\circ}$, $+15^{\circ}$, and $-15^{\circ}$. sEMG was performed to measure the activities of five different muscles around the shoulder joint (biceps brachii, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius muscles). Results: Biceps brachii muscle showed a significant increase at $-15^{\circ}$, as compared to $0^{\circ}$ (p<0.01), and the serratus anterior also showed a significant increase at $-15^{\circ}$, as compared to $0^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). Moreover, the middle and lower trapezius muscles also showed a significant increase at $-15^{\circ}$, as compared to $0^{\circ}$ (p<0.001). Compared to $0^{\circ}$, all muscles showed decreased values at $15^{\circ}$, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Therapeutic climbing may be a new therapeutic approach that can increase muscle strength and coordination in the sensory nervous system, since it can be used as a tool that promotes active movement by altering wall inclination and causing the user to generate movements according to the existing situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2011

This study formulates the theoretical wheel-set model to evaluate wheel-climbing derailments of rolling stock due to collision, and verifies this theory with dynamic simulations. The impact forces occurring during collision are transmitted from a car body to axles through suspensions. As a result of combinations of horizontal and vertical forces applied to axles, rolling stock may lead to derailment. The derailment type will depend on the combinations of the horizontal and vertical forces, flange angle and friction coefficient. According to collision conditions, the wheel-lift, wheel-climbing or roll-over derailments can occur between wheel and rail. In this theoretical derailment model of wheelset, the wheel-climbing derailment types are classified into Climb-over, Climb/roll-over, and pure Roll-over according to derailment mechanism between wheel and rail, and we proposed the theoretical conditions to generate each derailment mechanism. The theoretical wheel-set model was verified by dynamic simulations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.633-641
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and ER stress of the cardiac muscle in high fat diet-induced obese middle-aged rats. We induced obesity over 6 weeks of period in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats around 50 weeks old, and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: chow, HFD, exercise+HFD, and exercise+chow. The exercising groups underwent high-intensity intermittent training using a ladder-climbing and weight exercise 3 days/week for a total of 8 weeks. High-fat diet and concurrent exercise resulted in no significant reduction in body weight but caused a significant reduction in visceral fat weight (p<0.05). Expression of $PPAR{\delta}$ increased in the exercise groups and was significantly increased in the high-fat diet+exercise group (p<0.05). Among the ER stress-related proteins, the expression levels of p-PERK and CHOP, related to cardiac muscle damage, were significantly higher in the cardiac muscle of the high-fat diet group (p<0.05), and were significantly reduced by intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training (p<0.05). Specifically, this reduction was greater when the rats underwent exercise after switching back to the chow diet with a reduced caloric intake. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training and a reduced caloric intake can decrease the levels of ER stress-related proteins that contribute to cardiac muscle damage in obesity and aging. However, additional validation is required to understand the effects of these changes on mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of bone metabolic parameters between climbing exercise training and treadmill running training with alpha lipoic acid supplementation in ovariectomized rats. Fifty-six Sparague-Dawley, 8 weeks of age, were assigned into nine groups: normal control at pre-test (Pre-NC), normal control at post-test (NC), sham-sedentary (SS), ovariectomized-control (OVX-Con), ovariectomized-ALA inject (OVX-ALA), ovariectomized-climbing exercise (OVX-CE), ovariectomized-ALA inject+climbing exercise (OVX-ACE), ovariectomized-treadmill exercise (OVX-TE) and ovariectomized-ALA inject+treadmill exercise (OVX-ATE). The climbing exercise group voluntarily climbed the 200 cm tower to drinking water from the bottle set at the top of it. The treadmill exercise group was performed the 60 min treadmill running with grade 6-8%, and velocity 10-15 m/min. The frequency of exercise training was performed 6 days per wk in both training intervention. For the comparison of bone metabolic responses following to different training intervention, the strength, length and weight of femur, total bone density, bone mineral contents, deoxypyridioline, osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone, estradiol and lutenizing hormone were measured in this study. The body weight was higher in the OVX-Con, OVX-ALA and OVX-TE groups as compared to NC group. The total bone mineral density of OVX-ACE showed a higher value than SS, OVX-Con, OVX-ATE and OVX-TE. But urine and blood metabolic parameters showed no significance among groups. In conclusion, this study results suggested that climbing exercise training and alpha lipoic acid supplementation may an effective intervention for prevention of osteoporosis in ovriectomized rats.