• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of hip and thigh muscle activities between subjects with increased and decreased femoral anteversion during stair ascent. Twelve healthy female volunteers participated in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups (group 1 with increased anteversion of the hip, group 2 with decreased anteversion of the hip). This study analyzed differences in each mean peak gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GD) and tensor fascia lata (TLF) EMG amplitude: composite mean peak hip muscles (GM, GD, TFL) EMG amplitude ratios and in each mean peak vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (HM) and semitendinosus (HL) EMG amplitude: composite thigh muscles (VMO, VL, HM, HL) EMG amplitude ratios among subjects with decreased or increased relative femoral anteversion. EMG ratios were compared in the stance and swing phase of stair ascent. Group 1 showed an increased standardized mean GM and GD EMG amplitude and decreased standardized mean TFL to composite mean hip muscles EMG amplitude ratios in stair ascent during both stance and swing phase. Also, group 1 showed an increased standardized mean HL EMG amplitude and decreased standardized mean VL and HM to composite mean thigh muscles EMG amplitude ratios in stair ascent during both stance and swing phases. There was no statistically significant difference in vastus medialis oblique between subjects with increased or decreased relative femoral anteversion. In order to provide rehabilitation professionals with a clearer picture of the specific requirements of the stair climbing task, further research must be expanded to include a wider range of age groups that represent the general public, such as including middle-aged healthy persons.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2017

Data clustering determines a group of patterns using similarity measure in a dataset and is one of the most important and difficult technique in data mining. Clustering can be formally considered as a particular kind of NP-hard grouping problem. K-means algorithm which is popular and efficient, is sensitive for initialization and has the possibility to be stuck in local optimum because of hill climbing clustering method. This method is also not computationally feasible in practice, especially for large datasets and large number of clusters. Therefore, we need a robust and efficient clustering algorithm to find the global optimum (not local optimum) especially when much data is collected from many IoT (Internet of Things) devices in these days. The objective of this paper is to propose new Hybrid Simulated Annealing (HSA) which is combined simulated annealing with K-means for non-hierarchical clustering of big data. Simulated annealing (SA) is useful for diversified search in large search space and K-means is useful for converged search in predetermined search space. Our proposed method can balance the intensification and diversification to find the global optimal solution in big data clustering. The performance of HSA is validated using Iris, Wine, Glass, and Vowel UCI machine learning repository datasets comparing to previous studies by experiment and analysis. Our proposed KSAK (K-means+SA+K-means) and SAK (SA+K-means) are better than KSA(K-means+SA), SA, and K-means in our simulations. Our method has significantly improved accuracy and efficiency to find the global optimal data clustering solution for complex, real time, and costly data mining process.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.535-547
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• 2009

This study presented a making method of jeans pattern with high fitness after deriving the appropriate shrinkage rate by material and washing process. For this purpose of this study, 6 jeans have been tested after washing finishing and we turned out appropriate shrinkage rate by evaluating the exterior of jeans and usage satisfaction. Then, a making method of jeans pattern was presented after applying the optimized shrinkage rate. According to the result of the exterior evaluation of test jeans, all 6 jeans were rated high with scores close to 3.5. Following the evaluation of satisfaction of usage by physical movement, the highest ranking was in the order of walking with normal steps, back bending $90^{\circ}$, chair sitting, climbing stairs, and squatting. The shrinkage rate by physical area showed the highest score in the order of pants length, waist circumference, thigh circumference, knee circumference, hem circumference, hips circumference. In addition, the shrinkage rate was higher in warp direction than weft direction after washing finishing. As for the result of addition and reduction of pattern measurements by parts of jeans, waist circumference was 2.6${\sim}$5.2cm, hips circumference was 1.3${\sim}$4.2cm, thigh circumference was 0.8${\sim}$3.1cm and knee circumference was 0.7${\sim}$2.5cm. Also, hem circumference was 0.5${\sim}$1.8cm and pants length was 4.0${\sim}$6.2cm. That is, this results showed a wide range of addition and reduction according to material and washing finishing.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to present a making method of jeans pattern with high fitness after deriving the appropriate shrinkage rate by material and washing process. Research Method of jeans pattern was presented after applying the optimized shrinkage rate. According to the result of the exterior evaluation of test jeans, all 6 jeans were rated high with scores close to 3.5. Following the evaluation of satisfaction of usage by physical movement, the highest ranking was in the order of walking with normal steps, back bending $90^{\circ}$, chair sitting, climbing stairs, and squatting. The shrinkage rate by physical area showed the highest score in the order of pants length, waist circumference, thigh circumference, knee circumference, hem circumference, hips circumference. In addition, the shrinkage rate was higher in warp direction than weft direction after washing finishing. As for the result of addition and reduction of pattern measurements by parts of jeans, waist circumference was $2.5{\sim}5.2cm$, hips circumference was $-1.8{\sim}2.8cm$, thigh circumference was $-1.3{\sim}2.0cm$ and knee circumference was $-1.0{\sim}1.7cm$. Also, hem circumference was $-1.0{\sim}1.8cm$ and pants length was $2.9{\sim}6.2cm$. That is, this results showed a wide range of addition and reduction according to material and washing finishing.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2016

탐색 기반 테스팅은 넓은 탐색 범위에서 효과적으로 테스트 데이터를 생성하는 대표적인 기술중 하나이다. 탐색 기반 테스팅의 성능이 프로그램의 구조적 특성에 영향을 받는 것이 알려져 있음에도 구조적 특성을 고려한 탐색 기반 테스팅 비교 연구는 제한적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구는 탐색 기반 테스팅 비교를 통해 테스트 대상의 구조적 특성 차이에 따른 최적 알고리즘을 분석하고자 한다. 실험 결과의 일반화를 위해 탐색 성능에 영향을 주는 4가지 메트릭 값을 조합하여 19,800개의 테스트 대상 프로그램을 자동 생성하였다. 실험 결과 복잡도가 높은 프로그램을 20,000번 이하의 횟수로 분석하였을 경우에는 유전 알고리즘이 가장 우수한 성능을 보였으나 50,000번 이상 분석하였을 경우에는 유전 담금질 기법과 담금질 기법이 다른 알고리즘들 보다 우수한 성능을 보였다. 복잡도가 낮은 프로그램에서는 유전 담금질 기법, 담금질 기법, 언덕 오르기 방법이 다른 알고리즘들 보다 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2009

여가시간의 증대로 인한 개인의 신체활동이 증가하고 있다. 또한 대한민국의 지형적인 조건과 더불어 등산은 대중적인 야외 신체활동으로 각광을 받고 있다. 한편 바닥이 평평하지 않은 경사진 지면을 장시간 이동하는 데는 견교하고 안정 적이면서도 편안함을 제공할 수 있는 등산화가 제공되어져야 한다. 5명의 피험자들이 실험에 참여하였으며 4가지 조건하(맨발, 일반등산화, 경도 60의 등산화, 경도 65의 등산화)에서 압력분포가 측정되었다. 경도 60과 65의 등산화는 아웃솔의 바닥이 여러개로 분리되어 충격흡수에 적합한 디자인으로 설계되었다. 연구결과 경도 60과 65의 등산의 경우 일반 등산화에 비해 접촉면적이 넓고 신체의 추진과 관련된 압력분포 변인에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 나타내었다. 따라서 등산 시 착용하는 신발 및 의류나 기구의 운동역학적 적용을 통하여 건강한 신체를 유지할 수 있을 것이라 판단되어 진다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.189-204
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• 1999

Recently, the interest in artificial environment made by mankind as well as natural environment has been increased. This interest in the environment began to be reflected in the physical education, which environmental problems affect modern people's living quality as a crucial factor affecting directly or indirectly our life. Furthermore, since we entered the era of mass sports the physical education subject has dealt with destruction of natural environment by constructing golf courses, ski slopes, etc., destruction of ecosystem by water sports, mountaineering sports, aero sports, etc., and noise pollution near the sport facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the means to reinforce environmental education in many ways in the physical education concerning environmental problems. For this purpose this paper analyzed the contents of the 7th curriculum for physical education which can be thought to be teaching materials for environmental education, and described the contents in detail. Also, this paper established the orientation and goals of environmental education in the physical education subject and examined some important teaching and learning methods. In addition, this paper suggested some considerations concerning environmental education and a textbook model for the development of physical education textbooks connecting with the 7th curriculum for physical education, which is to suggest a means to connect physical education with environmental education smoothly. The physical education has an attribute that its activities like swimming, climbing mountains, and camping are performed outdoor. The physical activities in the physical education are, of course, performed in the environment, so we had better implement the environmental education including such physical activities at the same time with physical education. Also, there should be efforts so that the education through environment, the education about environment, and the education in the environment can be implemented along with the physical education.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.586-595
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• 1996

본 연구는 5일간의 산림내 프로그램 참여 경험이 참여자의 우울증 수준 변화에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지를 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 우울증은 오늘날 주요 정신 장애중 가장 치료에 노출되지 않는 증상의 하나이다. 오늘날 사회 환경에서 우울증은 대단히 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 왜냐하면 우울증은 그 빈도가 높고 심리적 변화에서부터 생리적 변화에 이르기까지 다양하게 나타나는 정신 질환이며 가끔 자살, 사회 경제적 손실 등의 심각한 결말을 초래하기도 하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 500여명의 대학생 집단을 대상으로 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)의 점수에 의하여 선발된 32명의 산림 프로그램 참여자들을 대상자로 선발하였다. 1995년 여름 이들에게 월악산에서 등반, 홀로의 시간, 그룹 토론, 감정 나누기, 상대 안내하기 등의 활동으로 구성된 산림 프로그램을 실시한 후 BDI와 정신과 의사의 상담 및 관찰에 의하여 우울증의 변화가 측정되었다. 자료의 분석 결과 프로그램 참여 이전 이후의 우울증 변화에 있어서 큰 차이를 나타내었고 특히 남자의 경우 큰 폭으로 우울증의 감소가 측정되었다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.168-173
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• 1998

A single administration of cocaine (CO), morphine (MOR) and methamphetamine (MA) showed hyperactivity in mice. Ginseng total saponin (GTS), ginsenosides Rbl and Rgl inhibited the hyperactivity induced by the drugs. The repeated administration of CO, MOR and MA showed the development of psychological dependence showing a.: the development of conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice and the development of dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity showing as sensitization of the drugs. GTS and Rgl inhibited the development of not only psychological dependence but also of DA receptor supersensitivity induced by CO and MA Rbl prevented also the development of psychological dependence and DA receptor supersensitivity induced by CO and MA but not by MOR. These results suggest that the development psychological dependence induced by the drugs is closely related with the development of DA receptor supersensitivity since both phenomena were inhibited by them. Apomorphine induced climbing behavior was also inhibited by G75 but not by both of Rbl and Rgl, indicating that GTS modulate dopaminergic action at both of pre and postsynaptic sites, but both of Rbl and Rgl , only at the presynaptic site. These results suggest that active components acting at the postsynaptic site exist in GTS. In this study, it was found that GTS, ginsenosides Rbl and Rgl inhibited tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and these components exerted inhibitory effects on both Cal' currents and $\Delta$ Cm in rat adrenal chromaffin cells. These results suggest that G75 and ginsenosides regulate catecholamine synthesis and secretion. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that Rbl, at high doses has more powerful inhibition of cartecholamine secretion at the presynaptic site than Rbl. Therefore, it was presumed that inhibition of morphine induced psychological dependence by Rgl, but not by Rbl results from differences in the extent of this inhibitory action on dopaminergic synthesis and secretion.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to promote the usage of facade greenery in order to improve the quality of life in cities and to improve their ecological worth. It is necessary to find out what people think about facade greenery, what problems they think, they might encounter and to promote the use of facade greenery. The survey was grouped according to three housing types; family house, tenement house and apartment. We distributed questionnaires individually to 140 people in each of the three housing types. All 420 people answered. The major questions in the questionnaire relate to the following issues: opinions about facade greenery, opinions regarding reasons to install facade greenery and expected problems, favourite plants, and to provide an analysis of the current usage of facade greenery. The results of this study show that most people like facade greenery and revealed that there was a significant difference in the kinds of responses from the three types of housing. The most important factor to affect respondents' positive preference for facade greenery is that it provides opportunities to experience nature near the housing and the improvement of the aesthetic appeal of facades for those living in apartment housing. Negative responses were based on the inhabitation of insects, and the difficulties in maintaining facade greenery. The favourite plants are parthenocissus and climbing rose. Generally people were lacking in an understanding of the ecological value of facade greenery. Most of the respondents indicated a liking for facade greenery and so the situation is now suitable to promote it.