• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2005

월악산국립공원 에 덕 주사-영 봉-신륵사구간과 도락산-상선암구간의 산림 군집 구조 분석 을 실시하기 위해 22개 조사구를 설치하고 classification기법 중 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이 용하여 군집 분리를 한 결과 소나무-졸참나무군집, 신갈나무-졸참나무군집, 신갈나무-물박달나무군집 ,소나무-신갈나무 군집, 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-당단풍군집의 6개 식물군집으로 최종 분리되었다. 산림 군집 구조분석 결과 추정되는 천이계열은 교목층에서 소나무가 졸참나무, 신갈나무로 천이진행 이 예상되었고, 아교목층에서는 철쭉꽃이 쇠물푸레나무, 당단풍나무로 천이진행이 예측된다. 그러나 일부지역에서는 신갈나무가 우점하는 토지극상단계로 유지할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

The succession of marine benthic algae and the restoration of an artificial seaweed forest on a porous type (shaped half saw teeth) artificial reef at Jeju island, Korea was studied. Young thalli of Sargassum horneri and Ecklonia cava were attached to different artificial substrates. In general, the succession on the artificial reefs led from filamentous algae to perennial algae and involved more than 25 species that are useful fishery resources, including E. cava. Coralline algae were dominant on the artificial reefs at the Kangjung site. The maximum algal biomass on the artificial reef in October 2005 was $1,990g/m^2$ at Biyang. In conclusion, a climax community and seaweed forest can be attained one year after the substrate is constructed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 1985

Seasonal and vertical variations of abiontic soil carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activities were assessed every other month for a year in two contrasting forest soils and evaluated the relationships between soil CMCase activity and environmental parameters. In climax deciduous soil, variations in CMCase activities caused by differences in sampling time were greater than those caused by differences in soil depth. On the other hand, counter phenomenon was obserned in coniferous soil at the stage of development. Correlation analyses showed that soil CMCase activities were significantly (p>0.01) correlated with microbial respiration rates ($O_2$ uptake) and all of the microbial population sizes. From these results, it is suggested that determination of abiontic soil CMCase activity is an useful additional index for evaluating the overall microbial growth and activity in soils.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 1998

this study was focused on the effects of fire on spatial change of vegetation landscape in rural region. Fire types recognized as erown fire, severe surface fire and light surface fire in order of increasing intensity were described in a fire map. GIS was introduced to understand the relationship between fire types and topographic conditions or vegetation types. We also investigated land-use type and regeneration strategies after burning. Fire intensity depended on topographic conditions and vegetation types. Special land-use type in this area was collection of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake). Mushrooms had been obtained from Pinus densiflora forests existing as edaphic climax or managed artificially. Regeneration strategy in burned areas was to make sprouts from burned oak stumps. A higher density and growth rate of sprouts, as compared to those on unburned areas, facilitated vegetation succession from P. densiflora forest to oak forest and consequently led to change of landscape pattern.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2007

내설악 전나무림 현황을 조사하고 이를 통하여 산림 생태계 이해방식을 비판적으로 고찰하였다. 조사는 1996년부터 2006년까지 수행된 것으로 일종의 중간보고서로 작성하였다. 임분의 수직구조 위주로 조사하였으며 비록 내설악 전나무림에 한정된 것이기는 하나 고전 천이론 보다는 Stand dynamic이 산림생태계를 설명하는데 적합하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2016

This study explained vertical distributions and growth environments for woody vegetation. It had been degenerated by long-term volcanic activity of Sakurajima; vegetation and thicknesses of tephra layers and forest soils were investigated at 5 sites (250-700 m in altitude) with different altitudes localized at the northwestern-northern flanks of Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture. The results in 2015 were compared with the vertical distribution of woody vegetation in 1963, when the volcanic activity of Sakurajima was relatively moderate. Thus, we investigated temporal changes in the vertical distribution of woody vegetation owing to volcanic activity over about 50 years (1963-2015). We indicated altitude decreased, the number of woody vegetation, number of species, sum of cross-sectional area of tree diameter at breast height, Fisher-Williams's diversity index ${\alpha}$, and forest soil thickness increased. However, these values were found to be degenerated when compared to climax forest values, and succession was incomplete. It seems that because the woody vegetation of the flank was affected by volcanic activity for a long time, exposing them to severe growth environments, areas with lower altitudes became distant from the craters of Sakurajima, thereby weakening the effect of volcanic activity in these areas at lower altitudes. a at the same altitudes over about 50 years (1963-2015) decreased by about 31-72%, and the sum of the cross-sectional area in tree diameter at breast heights decreased by about 14-62%. Thus, comparative growth environments for woody vegetation in 2015 were more severe than that of 1963, with respect to tephra layer thickness. In addition, for vegetation succession in the flank of Sakurajima, vegetation restoration should be promoted through the introduction of artificial woody plants covered by symbiotic microorganisms or organic materials.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.177-188
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• 1989

미국(美國) 서북부(西北部) Rocky 산맥(山脈) 부근(附近)의 삼림(森林)에서는 다극성상군락(多極盛相群落)의 이론(理論)에 기초(基礎)를 둔 Forest Habitat Types (H.T.) 분류법(分類法)이 개발(開發)되어 삼림(森林)의 지위판정(地位判定), 토지(土地) 이용구분(利用區分), 식물(植物)의 수직적(垂直的) 분포(分布)의 연구(硏究), 삼림(森林)의 다목적(多目的) 경영(經營)의 객관적(客觀的)인 지침(指針)을 마련하는데 많이 이용(利用)하고 있다. 필자(筆者)는 인공림(人工林)과 식생천이(植生遷移)의 초기단계(初期段階)에 있는 삼림(森林)이 많은 우리나라의 경우(境遇) 이 H.T. 분류법(分類法)을 응용(應用)해 볼만한 가치(價値)가 있을 것인지, 응용(應用)하는데 어떠한 이점(難點)이 있을 것인가를 알아 보기 위하여 Montana 대학(大學) 연습림(演習林)을 중심(中心)으로 식생자료(植生資料)의 수집(收集)에서부터 자료(資料)의 분석(分析) 검색표(檢索表)의 작성(作成), H.T. 도(圖)의 작성(作成) 및 분석(分析)된 각(各) H.T.에 대한 임업경영적(林業經營的) 해석(解釋)을 시도(試圖)하였다. 1) H.T. 분류법(分類法)은 삼림(森林)의 지위(地位)를 Climax Series, Habitat Types, Phases와 같은 단계적(段階的) 분류(分類)로 체계화(體系化)할 수 있었다. 2) 식별종(識別種)의 유무(有無)와 다소(多少)를 바탕으로 야외동정(野外同定)을 위한 검색표(檢索表)가 만들어지므로 삼림경영자(森林經營者)로 하여금 객관적(客觀的)이며 성력적(省力的)인 방법(方法)으로 H.T. 분류(分類)와 H.T. 도(圖)를 작성(作成)할 수 있었다. 3) 분류(分類)된 H.T.는 목재생산성(木材生産性), 목초(牧草) 및 야생동물(野生動物)의 먹이 생산성(生産性), 조림구역(造林區域) 및 조림수종(造林樹種)의 결정(決定), 작업종(作業種)의 적용(適用) 등(等) 삼림(森林)의 다목적경영(多目的經營)을 위한 객관적(客觀的)인 지침(指針)을 마련하는 데 이용(利用)될 수 있을 것으로 사료(思料)되었다. 4) 인공림(人工林)과 식생천이(植生遷移)의 초기단계림(初期段階林)이 많은 우리 나라와 같은 경우(境遇) 유적종(遺跡種)과 인접임분(憐接林分)을 이용(利用)한 외삽법으로서 H.T.분류(分類)가 가능(可能)할 것으로 예측(豫測)할 수 있었으며 잠재식생(潜在植生) 및 삼림(森林)의 수평적(水平的), 수직적(垂直的) 분포(分布) 연구(硏究)하는데도 객관성(客觀性)이 있는 방법(方法)으로 사료(思料)되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2017

We selected 6 plots ($100m^2$) located 2.2-3.8 km from Minamidake Crater on the north flank of Sakurajima Volcano. We conducted a field study to investigate the effects of volcanic activity on vegetation succession and surface erosion rate. The results showed that trees growing in plots further from the crater had a greater diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and age. In addition, these plots had a greater number of woody plants and species, as well as a greater total cross-sectional area at breast height. The Fisher-Williams index of diversity (${\alpha}$) and the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved trees were higher in plots located further from the crater. Vegetation succession in these plots was not at the level of a climax forest. From 1972 to 2015, the timing for active volcano, the depth of volcanic ash layer, the dry density, and the pH of ground surface were lower for plots located further from the crater. Furthermore, the average annual sheet erosion from 1972 to 2015 was also lower for plots located further away from the crater. Overall, plots further away from the crater have a better environment for vegetation growth and a lower dry density of the volcanic ash surface layer. It is thought that lower dry density results in increased soil permeability, which impedes surface flow. In order to prevent debris-flow disasters, caused by mud and rock flow resulting from impaired soil penetrability, it is essential to promote soil development and restore penetrability by artificial vegetation restoration.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2009

우리나라 온대지방 산림의 극상수종으로 알려진 서어나무는 도시화가 심각한 서울의 경우 3개의 군집이 분포하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 희귀하게 분포하는 서울지역 서어나무군집의 특성을 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 서어나무군집의 관리대책을 마련하기 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 대상지는 삼육대 지역, 도봉산 지역, 진관동 지역의 3개소이다. 서울 지역 서어나무군집에 대한군집구조 분석 및 토양특성, 수목 생장량 등을 조사 분석한 결과, 현재 남아있는 서어나무군집의 경우 토양 산성화 등으로 인해 생장 속도가 둔화되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 산림내 외래종의 이입에 따른 식생교란도 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 서울 지역에서 가장 넓은 서어나무군집이 분포하는 삼육대 지역의 경우 주변 참나무림에 참나무시들음병 피해가 발생하여 산림내부에 나지가 발생하고 있고 외래종의 이입속도가 더욱 빨라질 것으로 예상되고 있다. 또한 서어나무 자체도 참나무시들음병 매개곤충인 광릉긴나무좀의 피해를 받고 있어, 특별한 대책이 수립되지 않는 한, 향후 서어나무군집의 존립 자체가 불투명한 실정이다. 따라서 현재 남아있는 서어나무군집에 대한 정밀조사와 연차적인 모니터링 등과 같은 대책을 마련하여 서어나무군집 보전을 통한 서울지역 생물다양성 확보 방안의 추진이 필요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2001

Population dynamics of the oldest relic stand of Pinus densiflora for. erecta which remains as a status of patch in Sokwang-Ri area, Uljin-Gun, was studied to provide the basic data for conservation of the oldest pine stand in Korea. The upper slope site and ridge site including total 12 plots mainly represented Pinus densiflora for. erecta and Quercus mongolica. These two tree species showed reverse J-shaped distribution. From this information, it was concluded that intensive interspecific competition between two species could be occurring. Age distribution of P. densiflora for. erecta on the sites above middle slope area was indicated bi-modal type or tri-modal type which was known as an age structure of climax forest. Therefore, it was estimated that Pinus densiflora for. erecta population could be continuously maintained in the each patch above middle slope area. In the valley sites, hardwood species such as Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Styrax obassia and Acer pseudosieboldianum occupied most part of the under crown-cover area and their seedlings and saplings were developing into the closed upper layer crown because the height of upper layer crown reached about 35 meters and such a high crown height was more suitable for light utilization by plants of under layer. The growth patterns were mainly fluctuated for the entire life time of the oldest tree caused by frequent disturbance. And the initial growth curves of the mature trees and suppressed juvenile trees showed different tendencies along the sites.