• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the pulse energy in women who complain of climacteric and menopausal symptoms. Methods: We analyzed the values of pulse energy on 45 climacteric and menopausal women. The patients' symptoms were assessed by Kupperman's index and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 for window program, one way ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results were as follows. 1. The pulse energy of the Left Chon was significantly largest and Left Cheok was comparatively smallest. 2. There was no statistically significant correlation in the pulse energy of Left Chon minus Left Cheok, Kupperman's index, MRS total sum score. Conclusions: The results suggest that the pulse energy of the Left Chon tends to be increased and Left Cheok decreased in climacteric and menopausal women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.400-409
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to identify the correlations among climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior in middle-aged women. Method: 1.360 women between 40-60 years of age living in Incheon, were asked to complete a questionnaire on their health. The data was collected between October 10th and October 30th, 2002. The data was analyzed using T-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS/pc program. Result: The variables significantly affecting climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior were education, perceived health status and family health - problems. The relationship between knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior was statistically significant with a positive correlation. Conclusion: The knowledge of menopause by middle aged women was in positively correlated with health promoting behavior. Therefore, based on this study, we plan to develop a health education program to promote knowledge of menopause and health promoting behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.336-345
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• 2018

Purpose: To identify factors influencing adaptation to menopause in middle-aged women. Methods: Participants were 157 middle-aged women who visited Y gynecologic clinic in C city. Data were collected through interviews using the Korean CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression), climacteric symptoms, life event stress, and menopausal adaptation scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS. Results: There were significant differences in adaptation to menopause according to monthly income, life satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Adaptation to menopause had significantly negative correlations with depression, climacteric symptoms, and life event stress. Depression, monthly income, climacteric symptoms, and life event stress were verified as factors affecting adaptation to menopause. These factors accounted for 41.9% of adaptation to menopause. Conclusion: These variables should be considered in nursing interventions to improve adaptation to menopause in middle-aged women. Individuals should have the will to overcome menopause positively and actively.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2005

Purpose : To assess the clinical efficacy of DJH on the dryness of vagina and difficulty in sexual intercourse in climacteric women. Methods : 7 climacteric women who are suffering from the dryness of vagina and sexual problems received DJH: 2 pills(4g) a time, three times a day for a total 8 weeks as maintenance therapy. We evaluated ultrasonography, BMD, blood test, urine analysis, female hormone test and questionnaire, Kupperman's index plus two questions about urogenital and sexual problems in before as well as after 8 weeks of treatment. Results : The results are as follows; 1. DJH reduced climacteric symptoms.(Kupperman's index from 61.4 to 30.2 points) 2. DJH was very effective to dryness of vagina and difficulty in sexual life caused by deficiency of estrogen. 3. The affirmative efficacy of DJH improved sexual satisfaction in consequence. Conclusion : The DJH showed positive effects on improving, not only the climacteric symptoms, but also the sexual satisfaction. It shows that DJH may represent a satisfactory therapeutic choice for those climacteric women with the urogenital tract disturbances and sexual problems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

Minerals are extremely important in human metabolism, growth, and tissue repair. The risks of disturbances in mineral nutrition and metabolism are high following menopause. The aim of the study was to investigate the mineal nutrition status in middle-aged women (Pre & Postmenopausal) and the relation to climacteric symptoms. In the present study, we conducted the anthropometric measurement, climacteric symptoms survey and the dietary intakes including macronutrients, vitamins and minerals to assess the nutrient intakes. Also plasma mineral levels (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn) was measured. The participants were 105 middle-aged women (pre=51, Postmenopausal=54). The anthropometric measurement showed that 74% of subjects was overweight and obesity. The energy intakes were 83% of Korean EER. The macromineral intake (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K), Ca, P and Mg were 65%, > 116% and > 107% of Korean RI. Na and K intakes were > 243% and 53% of Korean AI. For the trace mineral intake (Fe, Cu, Zn), Fe, Cu and Zn intakes were 82%, > 146%, and 94% of Korean RI. The serum mineral concentration measurement, in case of Ca, Fe and Zn, > 10% of subjects showed lower level than normal clinical range. The most frequently appeared climacteric symptoms were dry eye, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, shoulder pain, fatique, depression & lonesomeness, backache, snore, dry skin, ankle & knee pain. In relation to mineral nutrition with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been founded between Ca intake and difficult concentration, Mg intake and snore, Fe & Zn intake and forgetfulness & dry skin, serum Ca concentration and forgetfulness, serum Na concentration and dry eyes & snore, serum K concentration and shoulder pain. From these results, it has been indicated that some mineral nutrition status may effect the prevention and reduction of climacteric symptoms in pre and postmenopause women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characters of Yangdorak in climacteric women. Methods: We analyzed the measurement value of Yangdorak on 37 climacteric women, aged 45-60 years. The patient's symptoms were assessed by modified Kupperman's index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 for windows program. one-sample t-test. pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results were as follows. 1. The average value of Yangdorak in 37 patients with climacteric women was 29.02$\pm$16.85. 2. According to the comparison of mean value with the each meridian value of Yangdorak. H1, H5 is high, F2, F3, F5 is low significantly. 3. The number of Pyesaek is more than Gyeokcha. 4. The Yangdorak value(F2) had significant correlation with modified Kupperman's index. Conclusion: The result suggests that Yangdorak values in H1, H5, F2, F3, F5 are related to climacteric. Further study on the yangdorak and climacteric syndrome measured by Kupperman's index is recommended.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, self-reported climacteric symptoms and depression on a cross-sectional survey desist The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were nonhystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60. They were selected in Seoul and Kyoung-ki province. Korea. Data were collected from Oct. 25 to Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured Questionnaire. The instrument used for this study was the revised Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender, revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai, and the Beck's Depression Inventory(BID). The data were analyzed by the SPSS /PC$^{＋}$ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low(2.42$\pm$0.35). There were statistically significant difference in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background. family income, marital satisfaction, and whether or not taking a restoraitve food(t ＝－2.07, F＝2.60~7.57, p＜0.05). 2. The mean score of self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69 ; 99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statistically significant difference in the score of middle-aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormone replacement therapy(HRT) or consultation experience with a professional, and perceived health status(t＝－2.04~3.69. F＝2.87~11.63, p＜0.05). 3. The mean score of depression was 10.84. There were statistically significant differences in the score of the depression according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving menopausal treatment or consultation by a professional, and perceived health status(t ＝－2.25~3.00, F＝3.50~9.24, p＜0.05). 4. Women's degree of health promoting behaviors was a negative correlation with the degree of climacteric symptoms(r＝－0.19, p＝0.03) and the degree of depression(r＝－0.23, p＝0.01). The degree of climacteric stmptoms was a positive correlation with the degree of depression(r＝0.64 p＝0.01). In conclusion. health promoting behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle-aged women. especially when dealing with climacteric symptoms and depression.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.315-331
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• 1999

This study was done to describe health promoting lifestyle and to identify the factors affecting the performance in health promoting lifestyle among the climacteric women. The subjects of this study were 240 women(40 to 60 years old) The sample data were collected using a purposive sampling method, and collected from August 23 to September 6, 1999. The instruments for his study were a health promoting lifestyle scale, a health locus of control scale, a self-esteem scale and a perceived health status questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression technique with SPSS program were used to analyze the data. The results of the study were as follows ; 1) The average score of performance in the health-promoting lifestyle variables was 166.40. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary environment , whereas the one with the lowest degree was the professional health maintenance. 2) Performance in the health-promoting lifestyle was positively related to self-esteem, internal health locus of control and negatively related to accidental health locus of control and perceived health status. 3) A significant difference between educational level and health-promoting lifestyle were found. 4) Self-esteem and perceived health status explained 21.0% of the variance for the total health promoting lifestyle. The results of this study show that self-esteem, perceived health status predicted the health promoting lifestyle of the climacteric women. Therefore, health promoting programs that increase self-esteem and perceived health status should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle of the climacteric women, especially those who have a low level of education.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.154-173
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to find out the effects of dance movement therapy(DMT) on anxiety, depression, and life quality by applying DMT program to climacteric women. Methods: The subjects of the research are climacteric women between the ages of 45 and 55 who located in the city of oo in Chollabukdo. The program was conducted with the subjects of a total of 27 women less than one year after menopause, 14 in the experiment group and 13 in the comparison group, 90 minutes a session, once a week, for 15 weeks. Results: The results show that the points of anxiety and depression decreased significantly in the experiment group which participated in the DMT program (p<0.05). The points of life increased significantly in physical & mental wellbeing, competence, and stability (p<0.05). Vitality points increased, but not significantly. Conclusions: This means that DMT decreases anxiety and depression of climacteric women, has positive effects on life quality related to health, and can help increase physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing of climacteric women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the nutritional status, quality of diet and quality of life in postmenopausal women with mild climacteric symptoms based on their food group intake patterns. The data for nutritional status were obtained using 3-day records. Quality of diet was assessed by INQ, NAR, MAR, DDS, DVS, DQI-I. Climacteric symptoms were analyzed by the questionnaire of Kupperman's index and MENoL. The subjects were classified into the five groups, GMVDF, GMVdF, GMVDf, GMVdf, GmVDF according to their food group intake patterns. Analysis of nutrient intakes showed that the GMVDF group took significantly higher levels of kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, iron, zinc and fiber than GMVdf group did (p < 0.05). INQ of Ca and Fe appeared to be higher in GMVDF than in GMVdf groups (p < 0.05). Analysis of NARs showed that missing milk groups took lower riboflavin, Ca and P than other groups did as the same result with MAR (p < 0.05). Analysis of DDS and DQI showed that GMVdf group had the lowest quality of diet (p < 0.05); however, no difference was found on DVS. The GMVdf group showed the worst climacteric symptoms compared with those of the other groups (p < 0.05). However, we couldn't observe any differences in menopause-specific quality of life among the groups. In conclusion, it would be beneficial to meet all five food groups to increase the quality of diet and to reduce the climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.